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Gul A, Halim SA, Khan A, Khan R, Xian-Dao P, Zafar S, Akbar N, Jan A, Muhsinah AB, Gojayev A, Al-Harrasi A. One pot synthesis of 5-hydroxyalkylated thiadiazine thiones: Implication in pain management and bactericidal properties. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30435. [PMID: 38765157 PMCID: PMC11098799 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of a new series of thiadiazine thiones including 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-alkyl/aryl-1, 3, 5-thiadiazine-2-thiones (1-5), 5-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-alkyl/aryl-1, 3, 5-thiadiazine-2-thiones (6-8), 3,5-dipropyl-1, 3, 5-thiadiazine-2-thione (9) and (2-(5-alkyl/aryl-6-thioxo-1, 3, 5-thiadiazine-3-yl) alkyl acetate/benzoate) (10-17) was accomplished via one pot reaction. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized through NMR and Mass spectrometry. The anti-nociceptive activity of compounds was performed on BALB/C mice by hot plate method, where compounds 3, 5 (50 μg/kg), and 8 (50, 100 μg/kg) exhibited significant effect (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) in latency time of 15, 30, and 60 min, while compounds 6 and 16 (100 μg/kg) exhibited significant effect (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) in latency time interval of 15 and 30 min. Compounds 1, 12-13, and 15 showed moderate activity. Among the tested hits, compounds 5 (17.3 ± 2.2), 11 (16.2 ± 2.1), and 8 (16.1 ± 2.1) showed significant anti-nociceptive potential. Molecular docking studies on the most active anti-nociceptive hits indicated that the activity might be attributed to the ability of the compounds to target μ-opioid receptor (μOR) effectively. Furthermore, compounds 14 and 11 showed anti-bacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and MSRA with MIC of 40.97 and 54.77 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the predicted ADMET profile of 5, 9, and 11 indicates that these molecules follow the drug-likeness criteria, and their activity can be enhanced through structural optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Gul
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P. O. Box-33, Postal Code-616, Birkat Al-Mauz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P. O. Box-33, Postal Code-616, Birkat Al-Mauz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rasool Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - P.A.N. Xian-Dao
- Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Salman Zafar
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Noor Akbar
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, Unites Arab Emirates
| | - Afnan Jan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullatif Bin Muhsinah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anar Gojayev
- School of Education, General Education Program, ADA University, Ahmadbey Aghaoghlu Str. 11, Baku, AZ1008, Azerbaijan
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P. O. Box-33, Postal Code-616, Birkat Al-Mauz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
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Romero-González LE, Rojas-Vargas J, Muriel-Millán LF, Bustos-Martínez J, Bustamante VH, Pardo-López L. Genomic and phenotypic characterization of Pseudomonas sp. GOM7, a novel marine bacterial species with antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288504. [PMID: 37440509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a serious threat to global health. The development of new drugs to combat infections caused by bacteria resistant to multiple or even all available antibiotics is urgent. Most antibiotics used up to date have been identified from soil microorganisms. The marine environment represents an alternative source with great potential for the identification of microorganisms that produce bioactive molecules, including antibiotics. In this study, we analyzed the antibacterial activity of a collection of 82 bacterial strains isolated from marine water and sediment samples collected from the Southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Eight of the marine isolates inhibited the growth of different pathogenic bacteria, seven of which were identified as presumptive Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Interestingly, genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the remaining marine isolate showing antibacterial activity is a novel Pseudomonas species that we denominated Pseudomonas sp. GOM7, which was not pathogenic in the Galleria mellonella infection model in the conditions tested. Notably, Pseudomonas sp. GOM7 inhibited the growth of multidrug and methicillin-resistant strains of the priority pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Our results show that the anti-S. aureus compound(s) produced by Pseudomonas sp. GOM7 can be extracted from the culture supernatant of this bacterium with the organic solvent ethyl acetate. Annotation of the Pseudomonas sp. GOM7 genome revealed the presence of several biosynthetic gene clusters predicted to code for possible antimicrobial compounds. Our results further highlight the potential of bacteria from the Gulf of Mexico as a source of novel antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Romero-González
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Jorge Rojas-Vargas
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Luis F Muriel-Millán
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Jaime Bustos-Martínez
- Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, CDMX, México
| | - Víctor H Bustamante
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Liliana Pardo-López
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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Novel Sources of Bioactive Molecules: Gut Microbiome of Species Routinely Exposed to Microorganisms. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080380. [PMID: 35893773 PMCID: PMC9331562 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The majority of antibiotics available in the market are produced by bacteria isolated from soil. However, the low-hanging fruit has been picked; hence, there is a need to mine bacteria from unusual sources. With this in mind, it is important to note that animals and pests, such as cockroaches, snake, crocodiles, water monitor lizards, etc., come across pathogenic bacteria regularly, yet flourish in contaminated environments. These species must have developed methods to defend themselves against pathogens. Besides the immunity they may confer, bacteria associated with animals/pests may offer a potential source of novel antibacterial agents. This paper discusses the current knowledge of bacteria isolated from land and marine animals with antibacterial properties and proposes untapped sources for the isolation of bacteria to mine potentially novel antibiotic molecules. Abstract The development of novel bioactive molecules is urgently needed, especially with increasing fatalities occurring due to infections by bacteria and escalating numbers of multiple-drug-resistant bacteria. Several lines of evidence show that the gut microbiome of cockroaches, snakes, crocodiles, water monitor lizards, and other species may possess molecules that are bioactive. As these animals are routinely exposed to a variety of microorganisms in their natural environments, it is likely that they have developed methods to counter these microbes, which may be a contributing factor in their persistence on the planet for millions of years. In addition to the immune system, the gut microbiota of a host may thwart colonization of the gastro-intestine by pathogenic and/or foreign microorganisms through two mechanisms: (i) production of molecules with antibacterial potential targeting foreign microorganisms, or (ii) production of molecules that trigger host immunity targeting foreign microorganisms that penetrate the host. Herein, we discuss and deliberate on the current literature examining antibacterial activities that stem from the gut bacteria of animals such as crocodiles, cockroaches, and water monitor lizards, amongst other interesting species, which likely encounter a plethora of microorganisms in their natural environments. The overall aim is to unveil a potential library of novel bioactive molecules for the benefit of human health and for utilization against infectious diseases.
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Siddiqui R, Boghossian A, Akbar N, Khan NA. A one health approach versus Acanthamoeba castellanii, a potential host for Morganella morganii. INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SPANISH SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 25:781-788. [PMID: 35794501 PMCID: PMC9261161 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-022-00261-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba castellanii, known as the “Trojan horse of the microbial world,” is known to host a variety of microorganisms including viruses, yeasts, protists, and bacteria. Acanthamoeba can act as a vector and may aid in the transmission of various bacterial pathogens to potential hosts and are found in a variety of places, thus impacting the health of humans, animals, and the environment. These are interconnected in a system known as “one health.” With the global threat of antibiotic resistance, bacteria may avoid harsh conditions, antibiotics, and disinfectants by sheltering within Acanthamoeba. In this study, Acanthamoeba castellanii interaction with Morganella morganii, a Gram-negative bacterium was studied. Escherichia coli K1 interaction with Acanthamoeba was carried out as a control. Association, invasion, and survival assays were accomplished. Morganella morganii was found to associate, invade, and survive within Acanthamoeba castellanii. Additionally, Escherichia coli K1 was also found to associate, invade, and survive within the Acanthamoeba at a higher number in comparison to Morganella morganii. For the first time, we have shown that Morganella morganii interact, invade, and survive within Acanthamoeba castellanii, suggesting that Acanthamoeba may be a potential vector in the transmission of Morganella morganii to susceptible hosts. Taking a one health approach to tackle and develop disinfectants to target Acanthamoeba is warranted, as the amoebae may be hosting various microbes such as multiple drug-resistant bacteria and even viruses such as the novel coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anania Boghossian
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noor Akbar
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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Shi D, Hao H, Wei Z, Yang D, Yin J, Li H, Chen Z, Yang Z, Chen T, Zhou S, Wu H, Li J, Jin M. Combined exposure to non-antibiotic pharmaceutics and antibiotics in the gut synergistically promote the development of multi-drug-resistance in Escherichia coli. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2018901. [PMID: 35014598 PMCID: PMC8757474 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.2018901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota represents an important reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), which poses a significant threat to public health. However, little is known about the emergence of ARB in the gut after the combined exposure to antibiotics and non-antibiotic pharmaceutics. Here, Escherichia coli, a common opportunistic pathogen in the gut microbiota, was exposed to the antidepressant duloxetine (2.5 µg/L-25 mg/L) and/or chloramphenicol (6 µg/L-4 mg/L). The resistant strains were isolated to determine the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 29 antibiotics. Then, genome-wide DNA sequencing, global transcriptomic sequencing, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to quantify the synergy between duloxetine and chloramphenicol. Combined exposure synergistically increased the mutation frequency of chloramphenicol resistance by 2.45-9.01 fold compared with the independent exposure. A combination index reaching 187.7 indicated strong duloxetine and chloramphenicol synergy. The resultant mutants presented heritable enhanced resistance to 12 antibiotics and became ARB to eight antibiotics. Furthermore, combined exposure significantly increased the transcriptomic expression of acrA, acrB, and marA in E. coli, and generated a more robust oxidative stress response. Together with the occurrence of DNA mutations in marR in the mutants, stronger triggers to the AcrAB-TolC transport system and the MlaFEDB ABC transporter via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced mutagenesis, verified by gene knockout, contributed to the synergistic enhancement of antibiotic resistance in the combined exposure group. Regardless of whether their formation was induced by duloxetine, chloramphenicol, or their combination, the E. coli mutants showed 1.1-1.7-fold increases in the expression levels of acrA, acrB, acrZ, mdtE, and mdtF. This pattern indicated that the mutants shared the same resistance mechanisms against chloramphenicol, involving the improved efflux pumps AcrAB-TolC and mdtEF. Our findings demonstrated that antibiotics and non-antibiotic pharmaceutics synergistically accelerate the evolution of ARB and may enhance their spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Hao
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zilin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haibei Li
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhengshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianjiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Junwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Jin
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China,CONTACT Min Jin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, No. 1, Dali Road, Tianjin, 300050, China
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Siddiqui R, Maciver SK, Khan NA. Gut microbiome-immune system interaction in reptiles. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:2558-2571. [PMID: 34984778 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reptiles are ectothermic amniotes in a world dominated by endotherms. Reptiles originated more than 300 million years ago and they often dwell in polluted environments which may expose them to pathogenic micro-organisms, radiation and/or heavy metals. Reptiles also possess greater longevity and may live much longer than similar-sized land mammals, for example, turtles, tortoises, crocodiles and tuatara are long-lived reptiles living up to 100 years or more. Many recent studies have emphasized the pivotal role of the gut microbiome on its host; thus, we postulated that reptilian gut microbiome and/or its metabolites and the interplay with their robust immune system may contribute to their longevity and overall hardiness. Herein, we discuss the composition of the reptilian gut microbiome, immune system-gut microbiome cross-talk, antimicrobial peptides, reptilian resistance to infectious diseases and cancer, ageing, as well the current knowledge of the genome and epigenome of these remarkable species. Preliminary studies have demonstrated that microbial gut flora of reptiles such as crocodiles, tortoises, water monitor lizard and python exhibit remarkable anticancer and antibacterial properties, as well as comprise novel gut bacterial metabolites and antimicrobial peptides. The underlying mechanisms between the gut microbiome and the immune system may hold clues to developing new therapies overall for health, and possible extrapolation to exploit the ancient defence systems of reptiles for Homo sapiens benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sutherland K Maciver
- Centre for Discovery Brain Science, Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Saeed BQ, Hussain K, Akbar N, Khan H, Siddiqui R, Shah RM, Khan NA. Nanovesicles containing curcumin hold promise in the development of new formulations of anti-Acanthamoebic agents. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2021; 247:111430. [PMID: 34813865 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2021.111430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, curcumin-nanoformulations were tested for anti-Acanthamoebic properties. Curcumin-loaded nanovesicles were synthesized, followed by characterization with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, and atomic force microscopy. Using amoebicidal assay, the effects of curcumin-nanoformulations were investigated against A. castellanii belonging to the T4 genotype. To determine the effects of curcumin-nanoformulations on host cells, cytotoxicity assays were performed using human keratinocyte cells (HaCat). The results revealed that nanovesicles formulation of curcumin enhanced the anti-Acanthamoebic effects of curcumin as compared with curcumin alone. The viability decreased with increasing concentration of curcumin and/or lipid-based carrier (Noisome) (FCBR18) in a dose-dependent manner. Curcumin and curcumin-loaded nanovesicles exhibited minimal cytotoxic effects against human cells in all tested concentrations. Both concentrations of FCBR18 proved effective in inhibiting amoebae excystation. In contrast, curcumin alone showed insignificant effects against amoebae excystation. Taken together, these findings clearly showed that curcumin-loaded nanovesicles show enhanced anti-Acanthamoebic efficacy without harming human cells, and these nanotherapeutics may hold promise in the development of new formulations of anti-Acanthamoebic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balsam Qubais Saeed
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Kashif Hussain
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Noor Akbar
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamza Khan
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raza Muhammad Shah
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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