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Mato EG, Montaño-Barrientos BJ, Rivas-Mundiña B, Aneiros IV, López LS, Posse JL, Lamas LM. Anti-caries Streptococcus spp.: A potential preventive tool for special needs patients. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2024; 44:813-822. [PMID: 37674277 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Probiotics are living microorganisms that act on the host-microbiome interface to restore the microbiota's physiological homeostasis. Numerous probiotics have been marketed with inhibitory activity against Streptococcus mutans and consequently with a potential anti-caries effect, mainly of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, whose main disadvantage is their limited ability to settle in the oral cavity. METHODS This narrative review describes the main Streptococcus spp. with probiotic anti-Streptococcus mutans activity, whose substantivity is greater than that of Lactobacillus spp. and consequently with anti-caries potentiality. We performed a literature review in the PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases of articles published in English (without time restriction) related to caries and probiotics. RESULTS The potential identified anti-caries probiotics included Streptococcus spp. A12, Streptococcus oralis (AJ3), Streptococcus oligofermentans, Streptococcus salivarius (K12, M18, JH, LAB813, 24SMB), Streptococcus spp. with arginolytic activity (S. sanguinis, S. gordonii, S. ratti, S. parasanguinis, S. intermedius, S. australis, and S. cristatus), Streptococcus rattus (JH145), Streptococcus dentisani and Streptococcus downii. CONCLUSIONS The possibility of using these Streptococcus spp. as probiotics that inhibit the growth of dental plaque and the development of carious lesions represents a potential tool of particular interest for individuals with physical or intellectual disabilities that impede the routine and effective application of mechanical dental plaque removal techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane García Mato
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Bitalio J Montaño-Barrientos
- Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, University Hospital Complex of Vigo, Microbiology and Infectology Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Berta Rivas-Mundiña
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Iván Varela Aneiros
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucía Sande López
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jacobo Limeres Posse
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucía Martínez Lamas
- Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, University Hospital Complex of Vigo, Microbiology and Infectology Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), Vigo, Galicia, Spain
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Moran SP, Rosier BT, Henriquez FL, Burleigh MC. The effects of nitrate on the oral microbiome: a systematic review investigating prebiotic potential. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2322228. [PMID: 38420038 PMCID: PMC10901185 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2322228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nitrate (NO3-) has been suggested as a prebiotic for oral health. Evidence indicates dietary nitrate and nitrate supplements can increase the proportion of bacterial genera associated with positive oral health whilst reducing bacteria implicated in oral disease(s). In contrast, chlorhexidine-containing mouthwashes, which are commonly used to treat oral infections, promote dysbiosis of the natural microflora and may induce antimicrobial resistance. Methods A systematic review of the literature was undertaken, surrounding the effects of nitrate on the oral microbiota. Results Overall, n = 12 in vivo and in vitro studies found acute and chronic nitrate exposure increased (representatives of) health-associated Neisseria and Rothia (67% and 58% of studies, respectively) whilst reducing periodontal disease-associated Prevotella (33%). Additionally, caries-associated Veillonella and Streptococcus decreased (25% for both genera). Nitrate also altered oral microbiome metabolism, causing an increase in pH levels (n = 5), which is beneficial to limit caries development. Secondary findings highlighted the benefits of nitrate for systemic health (n = 5). Conclusions More clinical trials are required to confirm the impact of nitrate on oral communities. However, these findings support the hypothesis that nitrate could be used as an oral health prebiotic. Future studies should investigate whether chlorhexidine-containing mouthwashes could be replaced or complemented by a nitrate-rich diet or nitrate supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan P. Moran
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, UK
| | - Bob T. Rosier
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fiona L. Henriquez
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, UK
| | - Mia C. Burleigh
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, UK
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Prieto-Regueiro B, Gómez-Santos G, Reichard-Monefeldt G, Diéguez-Pérez M. Caries indicators in relation to healthcare access and hygienic-dietary habits in Spanish preschoolers. Int J Dent Hyg 2024. [PMID: 38394062 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental caries continues to be a public healthcare problem due to its high prevalence and morbidity. It was proposed to evaluate caries indicators in relation to healthcare access and hygienic-dietary habits in Spanish preschoolers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out on a random sample consisting of 343 patients ranging from 3 to 5 years of age in the primary care setting, the main measurements were: dental care access, hygienic-dietary habits, and caries registration according to WHO criteria. RESULTS The prevalence of caries was 35.3% and mean ± standard deviation (SD) dft was 1.51 ± 2.93. Preschoolers who had ever visited the dentist had a higher dft occurrence than those who had never attended the dentist. The lower prevalence of caries was significantly associated with the frequency of two daily brushings versus non-daily brushing (p = 0.007; 25.3% vs. 47.1%) and was 10.7% lower in patients who had the habit of night brushing (p = 0.041). The consumption of sugary liquids between meals implied a higher dft index. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of early childhood caries and the dental care access associated with poor oral health suggest the need to implement a multidisciplinary oral healthcare program that involves both healthcare and dental healthcare professionals in Primary Health Care Units without forgetting the participation of the community and local administrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gladys Gómez-Santos
- Health Promotion Service, General Directorate of Public Health of the Canary Islands Health Service, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reichard-Monefeldt
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Diéguez-Pérez
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preclinical Dentistry, Biomedical Sciences and Health Sciences Faculty, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Lopes PC, Gomes ATPC, Mendes K, Blanco L, Correia MJ. Unlocking the potential of probiotic administration in caries management: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:216. [PMID: 38341538 PMCID: PMC10859023 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03893-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of prebiotics and/or probiotic bacteria with the potential to modulate the oral ecosystem may play an important role in the prevention and management of dental caries. To assess the evidence of the potential of pre/probiotics both in the prevention and treatment of dental caries, we focused on the PICO question "In individuals with caries, after probiotic administration, is there an improvement in outcomes directly related to caries risk and development?". METHODS An extensive systematic search was conducted in electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane, to identify articles with relevant data. This systematic review included trials performed in Humans; published in English; including the observation of patients with caries, with clear indication of the probiotic used and measuring the outcomes directly involved with the cariogenic process, including the quantification of bacteria with cariogenic potential. To evaluate the methodological quality of the studies, the critical assessment tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute was used. RESULTS Eight hundred and fifty articles, potentially relevant, were identified. Following PRISMA guidelines 14 articles were included in this systematic review. Outcomes such as reduction of cariogenic microorganism counts, salivary pH, buffer capacity, and caries activity were assessed. The probiotic most often referred with beneficial results in dental caries outcomes is Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus. Regarding the most used administration vehicle, in studies with positive effects on the caries management, probiotic supplemented milk could be considered the best administration vehicle. CONCLUSIONS Evidence suggests a beneficial effect of probiotic supplemented milk (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus) as an adjuvant for caries prevention and management. However, comparable evidence is scarce and better designed and comparable studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro C Lopes
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Viseu, 3504-505, Portugal
| | - Ana T P C Gomes
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Viseu, 3504-505, Portugal
| | - Karina Mendes
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Viseu, 3504-505, Portugal
| | - Letícia Blanco
- Department of Surgery, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria J Correia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Viseu, 3504-505, Portugal.
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Li S, He M, Lei Y, Liu Y, Li X, Xiang X, Wu Q, Wang Q. Oral Microbiota and Tumor-A New Perspective of Tumor Pathogenesis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2206. [PMID: 36363799 PMCID: PMC9692822 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms have long been known to play key roles in the initiation and development of tumors. The oral microbiota and tumorigenesis have been linked in epidemiological research relating to molecular pathology. Notably, some bacteria can impact distal tumors by their gastrointestinal or blood-borne transmission under pathological circumstances. Certain bacteria drive tumorigenesis and progression through direct or indirect immune system actions. This review systemically discusses the recent advances in the field of oral microecology and tumor, including the oncogenic role of oral microbial abnormalities and various potential carcinogenesis mechanisms (excessive inflammatory response, host immunosuppression, anti-apoptotic activity, and carcinogen secretion) to introduce future directions for effective tumor prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Li
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Mingxin He
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yumeng Lei
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Wuhan Asia General Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xinquan Li
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xiaochen Xiang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Qingming Wu
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
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García-Mato E, Martínez-Lamas L, Álvarez-Fernández M, Varela-Aneiros I, Diniz-Freitas M, Limeres-Posse J, Diz-Dios P. Molecular Detection of Streptococcus downii sp. nov. from Dental Plaque Samples from Patients with Down Syndrome and Non-Syndromic Individuals. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061098. [PMID: 35744617 PMCID: PMC9227364 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A new bacterial species has recently been identified in the dental plaque of an adolescent with Down syndrome. The species is known as Streptococcus downii sp. nov. (abbreviated to S. downii), and it inhibits the growth of S. mutans and certain periodontal pathogens. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of S. downii in the oral cavity of individuals with Down syndrome. Methods: A specific polymerase chain reaction for the operon of bacteriocin (class IIb lactobin A/cerein 7B family) was designed to detect S. downii in individuals with Down syndrome (n = 200) and in the general population (n = 100). We also compared the whole genome of S. downii and the regions related to its bacteriocins against 127 metagenomes of supragingival plaque of the “Human Microbiome Project”. Results: We detected the specific gene of the S. downii bacteriocin in an individual with Down syndrome (Cq, 34.52; GE/μL, 13.0) and in an individual of the non-syndromic control group (Cq, 34.78 Cq; GE/μL, 4.93). The prevalence of S. downii was ≤1% both in Down syndrome and in the general population, which did not allow for clinical-microbiological correlations to be established. This result was confirmed by detecting only one metagenome with an ANIm with approximately 95% homology and with 100% homology with ORFs that code class IIb lactobiocin A/cerein 7B bacteriocins among the 127 metagenomes of the “Human Microbiome Project” tested. Conclusions: The detection rate of S. downii in the supragingival dental plaque was very low, both in the Down syndrome individuals and in the non-syndromic controls. A clinical-microbiological correlation could therefore not be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane García-Mato
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (I.V.-A.); (J.L.-P.)
| | - Lucía Martínez-Lamas
- Clinical Microbiology, Microbiology and Infectiology Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, 36312 Vigo, Spain; (L.M.-L.); (M.Á.-F.)
| | - Maximiliano Álvarez-Fernández
- Clinical Microbiology, Microbiology and Infectiology Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, 36312 Vigo, Spain; (L.M.-L.); (M.Á.-F.)
| | - Iván Varela-Aneiros
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (I.V.-A.); (J.L.-P.)
| | - Marcio Diniz-Freitas
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (I.V.-A.); (J.L.-P.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.-F.); (P.D.-D.); Tel.: +34-881-812344 (P.D.-D.)
| | - Jacobo Limeres-Posse
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (I.V.-A.); (J.L.-P.)
| | - Pedro Diz-Dios
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (I.V.-A.); (J.L.-P.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.-F.); (P.D.-D.); Tel.: +34-881-812344 (P.D.-D.)
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