1
|
He X, Zou J, Chen Q, Qin X, Liu Y, Zeng L, Su H. Microbial and transcriptional response of Acropora valida and Turbinaria peltata to Vibrio coralliilyticus challenge: insights into corals disease resistance. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:288. [PMID: 39095694 PMCID: PMC11295391 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03438-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coral diseases are significant drivers of global coral reef degradation, with pathogens dominated by Vibrio coralliilyticus playing a prominent role in the development of coral diseases. Coral phenotype, symbiotic microbial communities, and host transcriptional regulation have been well-established as factors involved in determining coral disease resistance, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. METHODS This study employs high-throughput sequencing to analyse the symbiotic microbial and transcriptional response of the hosts in order to evaluate the disease resistance of Acropora valida and Turbinaria peltata exposed to Vibrio coralliilyticus. RESULTS A. valida exhibited pronounced bleaching and tissue loss within 7 h of pathogen infection, whereas T. peltata showed no signs of disease throughout the experiment. Microbial diversity analyses revealed that T. peltata had a more flexible microbial community and a higher relative abundance of potential beneficial bacteria compared to A. valida. Although Vibrio inoculation resulted in a more significant decrease in the Symbiodiniaceae density of A. valida compared to that of T. peltata, it did not lead to recombination of the coral host and Symbiodiniaceae in either coral species. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the interspecific differences in the transcriptional regulation of hosts after Vibrio inoculation. Differentially expressed genes in A. valida were mainly enriched in the pathways associated with energy supply and immune response, such as G protein-coupled receptor signaling, toll-like receptor signaling, regulation of TOR signaling, while these genes in T. peltata were mainly involved in the pathway related to immune homeostasis and ion transport, such as JAK-STAT signaling pathway and regulation of ion transport. CONCLUSIONS Pathogenic challenges elicit different microbial and transcriptional shifts across coral species. This study offers novel insights into molecular mechanisms of coral resistance to disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xucong He
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory On the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jie Zou
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory On the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Qiqi Chen
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory On the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xiao Qin
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory On the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory On the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Lujia Zeng
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory On the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Hongfei Su
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory On the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Voolstra CR, Raina JB, Dörr M, Cárdenas A, Pogoreutz C, Silveira CB, Mohamed AR, Bourne DG, Luo H, Amin SA, Peixoto RS. The coral microbiome in sickness, in health and in a changing world. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:460-475. [PMID: 38438489 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Stony corals, the engines and engineers of reef ecosystems, face unprecedented threats from anthropogenic environmental change. Corals are holobionts that comprise the cnidarian animal host and a diverse community of bacteria, archaea, viruses and eukaryotic microorganisms. Recent research shows that the bacterial microbiome has a pivotal role in coral biology. A healthy bacterial assemblage contributes to nutrient cycling and stress resilience, but pollution, overfishing and climate change can break down these symbiotic relationships, which results in disease, bleaching and, ultimately, coral death. Although progress has been made in characterizing the spatial-temporal diversity of bacteria, we are only beginning to appreciate their functional contribution. In this Review, we summarize the ecological and metabolic interactions between bacteria and other holobiont members, highlight the biotic and abiotic factors influencing the structure of bacterial communities and discuss the impact of climate change on these communities and their coral hosts. We emphasize how microbiome-based interventions can help to decipher key mechanisms underpinning coral health and promote reef resilience. Finally, we explore how recent technological developments may be harnessed to address some of the most pressing challenges in coral microbiology, providing a road map for future research in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Baptiste Raina
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Melanie Dörr
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Anny Cárdenas
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Claudia Pogoreutz
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, UAR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | | | - Amin R Mohamed
- Marine Microbiomics Laboratory, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - David G Bourne
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Haiwei Luo
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shady A Amin
- Marine Microbiomics Laboratory, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raquel S Peixoto
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Biology Research Center (CBRC), Biological, Environmental Sciences, and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lima LFO, Alker AT, Morris MM, Edwards RA, de Putron SJ, Dinsdale EA. Pre-Bleaching Coral Microbiome Is Enriched in Beneficial Taxa and Functions. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1005. [PMID: 38792833 PMCID: PMC11123844 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12051005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Coral reef health is tightly connected to the coral holobiont, which is the association between the coral animal and a diverse microbiome functioning as a unit. The coral holobiont depends on key services such as nitrogen and sulfur cycling mediated by the associated bacteria. However, these microbial services may be impaired in response to environmental changes, such as thermal stress. A perturbed microbiome may lead to coral bleaching and disease outbreaks, which have caused an unprecedented loss in coral cover worldwide, particularly correlated to a warming ocean. The response mechanisms of the coral holobiont under high temperatures are not completely understood, but the associated microbial community is a potential source of acquired heat-tolerance. Here we investigate the effects of increased temperature on the taxonomic and functional profiles of coral surface mucous layer (SML) microbiomes in relationship to coral-algal physiology. We used shotgun metagenomics in an experimental setting to understand the dynamics of microbial taxa and genes in the SML microbiome of the coral Pseudodiploria strigosa under heat treatment. The metagenomes of corals exposed to heat showed high similarity at the level of bacterial genera and functional genes related to nitrogen and sulfur metabolism and stress response. The coral SML microbiome responded to heat with an increase in the relative abundance of taxa with probiotic potential, and functional genes for nitrogen and sulfur acquisition. Coral-algal physiology significantly explained the variation in the microbiome at taxonomic and functional levels. These consistent and specific microbial taxa and gene functions that significantly increased in proportional abundance in corals exposed to heat are potentially beneficial to coral health and thermal resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laís F. O. Lima
- Marine Biology, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Amanda T. Alker
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, SA 5045, USA;
| | - Megan M. Morris
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA;
| | - Robert A. Edwards
- Flinders Accelerator Microbiome Exploration, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia;
| | | | - Elizabeth A. Dinsdale
- Flinders Accelerator Microbiome Exploration, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jia C, Wang Y, Zheng B, Wang Y, He L, Xu Q, Gao F. Comparative Analysis of Gut Bacterial Community Composition in Two Tropical Economic Sea Cucumbers under Different Seasons of Artificial Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4573. [PMID: 38674158 PMCID: PMC11049810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
With the continuous rise of the sea cucumber aquaculture industry in China, the tropical sea cucumber aquaculture industry is also improving. However, research on the gut microorganisms of tropical sea cucumbers in captivity is scarce. In this study, high-throughput sequencing methods were used to analyze the gut microbial composition of Stichopus monotuberculatus and Holothuria scabra in the dry season and wet season of artificial environments. The results showed that 66 phyla were obtained in all samples, of which 59 phyla were obtained in the dry season, and 45 phyla were obtained in the wet season. The Tax4Fun analysis showed that certain gut bacterial communities affect the daily metabolism of two sea cucumber species and are involved in maintaining gut microecological balance in the gut of two sea cucumber species. In addition, compared with differences between species, PCoA and UPGMA clustering analysis showed the gut prokaryotes of the same sea cucumber species varied more in different seasons, indicating that the influence of environment was higher than the feeding choices of sea cucumbers under relatively closed conditions. These results revealed the gut bacterial community composition of S. monotuberculatus and H. scabra and the differences in gut bacterial structure between two sea cucumber species in different seasons were compared, which would provide the foundation for tropical sea cucumber aquaculture in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Jia
- School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Yuanhang Wang
- School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.H.); (Q.X.)
| | - Bojun Zheng
- School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.H.); (Q.X.)
| | - Yanan Wang
- School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.H.); (Q.X.)
| | - Linwen He
- School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.H.); (Q.X.)
| | - Qiang Xu
- School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.H.); (Q.X.)
| | - Fei Gao
- School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.H.); (Q.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ugarelli K, Campbell JE, Rhoades OK, Munson CJ, Altieri AH, Douglass JG, Heck KL, Paul VJ, Barry SC, Christ L, Fourqurean JW, Frazer TK, Linhardt ST, Martin CW, McDonald AM, Main VA, Manuel SA, Marco-Méndez C, Reynolds LK, Rodriguez A, Rodriguez Bravo LM, Sawall Y, Smith K, Wied WL, Choi CJ, Stingl U. Microbiomes of Thalassia testudinum throughout the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico are influenced by site and region while maintaining a core microbiome. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1357797. [PMID: 38463486 PMCID: PMC10920284 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1357797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant microbiomes are known to serve several important functions for their host, and it is therefore important to understand their composition as well as the factors that may influence these microbial communities. The microbiome of Thalassia testudinum has only recently been explored, and studies to-date have primarily focused on characterizing the microbiome of plants in a single region. Here, we present the first characterization of the composition of the microbial communities of T. testudinum across a wide geographical range spanning three distinct regions with varying physicochemical conditions. We collected samples of leaves, roots, sediment, and water from six sites throughout the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico. We then analyzed these samples using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We found that site and region can influence the microbial communities of T. testudinum, while maintaining a plant-associated core microbiome. A comprehensive comparison of available microbial community data from T. testudinum studies determined a core microbiome composed of 14 ASVs that consisted mostly of the family Rhodobacteraceae. The most abundant genera in the microbial communities included organisms with possible plant-beneficial functions, like plant-growth promoting taxa, disease suppressing taxa, and nitrogen fixers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Ugarelli
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Ft. Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Davie, FL, United States
| | - Justin E Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environment, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
- Smithsonian Marine Station, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - O Kennedy Rhoades
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environment, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
- Smithsonian Marine Station, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Calvin J Munson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environment, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Andrew H Altieri
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - James G Douglass
- The Water School, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, United States
| | - Kenneth L Heck
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, University of South Alabama, Dauphin Island, AL, United States
| | - Valerie J Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Savanna C Barry
- University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Nature Coast Biological Station, University of Florida, Cedar Key, FL, United States
| | | | - James W Fourqurean
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environment, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Thomas K Frazer
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Samantha T Linhardt
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, University of South Alabama, Dauphin Island, AL, United States
| | - Charles W Martin
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, University of South Alabama, Dauphin Island, AL, United States
- University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Nature Coast Biological Station, University of Florida, Cedar Key, FL, United States
| | - Ashley M McDonald
- Smithsonian Marine Station, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
- University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Nature Coast Biological Station, University of Florida, Cedar Key, FL, United States
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Vivienne A Main
- Smithsonian Marine Station, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
- International Field Studies, Inc., Andros, Bahamas
| | - Sarah A Manuel
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Government of Bermuda, Hamilton Parish, Bermuda
| | - Candela Marco-Méndez
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, University of South Alabama, Dauphin Island, AL, United States
- Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (Spanish National Research Council), Girona, Spain
| | - Laura K Reynolds
- Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alex Rodriguez
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, University of South Alabama, Dauphin Island, AL, United States
| | | | - Yvonne Sawall
- Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS), St. George's, Bermuda
| | - Khalil Smith
- Smithsonian Marine Station, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Government of Bermuda, Hamilton Parish, Bermuda
| | - William L Wied
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environment, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
- Smithsonian Marine Station, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Chang Jae Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Ft. Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Davie, FL, United States
| | - Ulrich Stingl
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Ft. Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Davie, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Byeon E, Jeong H, Lee YJ, Cho Y, Lee KW, Lee E, Jeong CB, Lee JS, Kang HM. Effects of microplastics and phenanthrene on gut microbiome and metabolome alterations in the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132620. [PMID: 37757554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution of the oceans is increasing, and toxic interactions between microplastics (MPs) and organic pollutants have become a major environmental concern. However, the combined effects of organic pollutants and MPs on microbiomes and metabolomes have not been studied extensively. In the present study, to evaluate whether MPs and phenanthrene (Phe) act synergistically in the guts of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma), we performed toxicity assessments, 16 S rRNA gene sequencing, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses. Our investigations revealed increased toxicity induced by Phe, as well as disturbances in gut microbiota (known as dysbiosis) when MPs were present. Furthermore, combined exposure to Phe and MPs resulted in greater alterations to microbiota composition and metabolite profiles. Notably, MP exposure was distinctly associated with the abundance of Shewanella and Spongiibacteraceae, while Phe exposure was associated with the abundance of Marimicrobium. Among key microbiota, Marimicrobium and Roseibacillus were significantly correlated with metabolites responsible for coenzyme A and glycerophospholipid metabolism in medaka. These results suggest that interactions between Phe and MPs may have significant effects on the gut microbiota and metabolism of aquatic organisms and underscore the importance of acknowledging the interplay between MPs and contaminants in aquatic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Byeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Haksoo Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Lee
- Marine Biotechnology & Bioresource Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, South Korea; KIOST School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Yeonwoo Cho
- Marine Biotechnology & Bioresource Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, South Korea; KIOST School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Kyun-Woo Lee
- Marine Biotechnology & Bioresource Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, South Korea; KIOST School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Euihyeon Lee
- Marine Biotechnology & Bioresource Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, South Korea; KIOST School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Chang-Bum Jeong
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Hye-Min Kang
- Marine Biotechnology & Bioresource Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, South Korea; KIOST School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mohamed HF, Abd-Elgawad A, Cai R, Luo Z, Pie L, Xu C. Microbial community shift on artificial biological reef structures (ABRs) deployed in the South China Sea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3456. [PMID: 36859411 PMCID: PMC9977770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Many Artificial Reefs (ARs) have been used worldwide for marine habitat and coral reef restoration. However, the microbial community structure that colonize the ARs and their progressive development have been seldom investigated. In this study, the successive development of the microbial communities on environmentally friendly Artificial Biological Reef structures (ABRs)R made of special concrete supported with bioactive materials collected from marine algal sources were studied. Three seasons (spring, summer and autumn), three coral reef localities and control models (SCE) without bioactive material and (NCE) made of normal cement were compared. The structure of the microbial pattern exhibited successive shifts from the natural environment to the ABRs supported with bioactive materials (ABAM). Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Planctomycetota were shown to be the most three dominant phyla. Their relative abundances pointedly increased on ABAM and SCE models compared to the environment. Amplicon Sequence Variant (ASV) Richness and Shannon index were obviously higher on ABAM models and showed significant positive relationship with that of macrobenthos than those on the controls and the natural reef (XR). Our results offer successful establishment of healthy microbial films on the ABR surfaces enhanced the restoration of macrobenthic community in the damaged coral reefs which better understands the ecological role of the ABRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hala F. Mohamed
- grid.453137.70000 0004 0406 0561Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005 People’s Republic of China ,grid.411303.40000 0001 2155 6022Botany & Microbiology Department, (Girls Branch), Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amro Abd-Elgawad
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China. .,Tourism Developing Authority, Central Administration for Environmental Affairs, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rongshuo Cai
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaohe Luo
- grid.453137.70000 0004 0406 0561Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lulu Pie
- grid.453137.70000 0004 0406 0561Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005 People’s Republic of China
| | - Changan Xu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Takagi T, Aoyama K, Motone K, Aburaya S, Yamashiro H, Miura N, Inoue K. Mutualistic Interactions between Dinoflagellates and Pigmented Bacteria Mitigate Environmental Stress. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0246422. [PMID: 36651852 PMCID: PMC9927270 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02464-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Scleractinian corals form symbiotic relationships with a variety of microorganisms, including endosymbiotic dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae, and with bacteria, which are collectively termed coral holobionts. Interactions between hosts and their symbionts are critical to the physiological status of corals. Coral-microorganism interactions have been studied extensively, but dinoflagellate-bacterial interactions remain largely unexplored. Here, we developed a microbiome manipulation method employing KAS-antibiotic treatment (kanamycin, ampicillin, and streptomycin) to favor pigmented bacteria residing on cultured Cladocopium and Durusdinium, major endosymbionts of corals, and isolated several carotenoid-producing bacteria from cell surfaces of the microalgae. Following KAS-antibiotic treatment of Cladocopium sp. strain NIES-4077, pigmented bacteria increased 8-fold based on colony-forming assays from the parental strain, and 100% of bacterial sequences retrieved through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing were affiliated with the genus Maribacter. Microbiome manipulation enabled host microalgae to maintain higher maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (variable fluorescence divided by maximum fluorescence [Fv/Fm]) under light-stress conditions, compared to the parental strain. Furthermore, by combining culture-dependent and -independent techniques, we demonstrated that species of the family Symbiodiniaceae and pigmented bacteria form strong interactions. Dinoflagellates protected bacteria from antibiotics, while pigmented bacteria protected microalgal cells from light stress via carotenoid production. Here, we describe for the first time a symbiotic relationship in which dinoflagellates and bacteria mutually reduce environmental stress. Investigations of microalgal-bacterial interactions further document bacterial contributions to coral holobionts and may facilitate development of novel techniques for microbiome-mediated coral reef conservation. IMPORTANCE Coral reefs cover less than 0.1% of the ocean floor, but about 25% of all marine species depend on coral reefs at some point in their life cycles. However, rising ocean temperatures associated with global climate change are a serious threat to coral reefs, causing dysfunction of the photosynthetic apparatus of endosymbiotic microalgae of corals, and overproducing reactive oxygen species harmful to corals. We manipulated the microbiome using an antibiotic treatment to favor pigmented bacteria, enabling their symbiotic microalgal partners to maintain higher photosynthetic function under insolation stress. Furthermore, we investigated mechanisms underlying microalgal-bacterial interactions, describing for the first time a symbiotic relationship in which the two symbionts mutually reduce environmental stress. Our findings extend current insights about microalgal-bacterial interactions, enabling better understanding of bacterial contributions to coral holobionts under stressful conditions and offering hope of reducing the adverse impacts of global warming on coral reefs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Takagi
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kako Aoyama
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Motone
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Aburaya
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamashiro
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, Sesoko Station, University of the Ryukyus, Motobu, Japan
| | - Natsuko Miura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Koji Inoue
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|