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Saberi Riseh R, Gholizadeh Vazvani M, Vatankhah M, Kennedy JF. Chitin-induced disease resistance in plants: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131105. [PMID: 38531527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Chitin is composed of N-acetylglucosamine units. Chitin a polysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi and exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans, can elicit a potent defense response in plants. Through the activation of defense genes, stimulation of defensive compound production, and reinforcement of physical barriers, chitin enhances the plant's ability to defend against pathogens. Chitin-based treatments have shown efficacy against various plant diseases caused by fungal, bacterial, viral, and nematode pathogens, and have been integrated into sustainable agricultural practices. Furthermore, chitin treatments have demonstrated additional benefits, such as promoting plant growth and improving tolerance to abiotic stresses. Further research is necessary to optimize treatment parameters, explore chitin derivatives, and conduct long-term field studies. Continued efforts in these areas will contribute to the development of innovative and sustainable strategies for disease management in agriculture, ultimately leading to improved crop productivity and reduced reliance on chemical pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Mozhgan Gholizadeh Vazvani
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Vatankhah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Ltd, WR15 8FF Tenbury Wells, United Kingdom.
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Nazarov T, Liu Y, Chen X, See DR. Molecular Mechanisms of the Stripe Rust Interaction with Resistant and Susceptible Wheat Genotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2930. [PMID: 38474176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Rust fungi cause significant damage to wheat production worldwide. In order to mitigate disease impact and improve food security via durable resistance, it is important to understand the molecular basis of host-pathogen interactions. Despite a long history of research and high agricultural importance, still little is known about the interactions between the stripe rust fungus and wheat host on the gene expression level. Here, we present analysis of the molecular interactions between a major wheat pathogen-Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst)-in resistant and susceptible host backgrounds. Using plants with durable nonrace-specific resistance along with fully susceptible ones allowed us to show how gene expression patterns shift in compatible versus incompatible interactions. The pathogen showed significantly greater number and fold changes of overexpressed genes on the resistant host than the susceptible host. Stress-related pathways including MAPK, oxidation-reduction, osmotic stress, and stress granule formation were, almost exclusively, upregulated in the resistant host background, suggesting the requirement of the resistance-countermeasure mechanism facilitated by Pst. In contrast, the susceptible host background allowed for broad overrepresentation of the nutrient uptake pathways. This is the first study focused on the stripe rust pathogen-wheat interactions, on the whole transcriptome level, from the pathogen side. It lays a foundation for the better understanding of the resistant/susceptible hosts versus pathogenic fungus interaction in a broader sense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras Nazarov
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA
| | - Xianming Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wheat Health, Genetics, and Quality Research Unit, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA
| | - Deven R See
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wheat Health, Genetics, and Quality Research Unit, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA
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3
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Yu L, Wang X, Tang C, Wang H, Rabbani Nasab H, Kang Z, Wang J. Genome-Wide Characterization of Berberine Bridge Enzyme Gene Family in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and the Positive Regulatory Role of TaBBE64 in Response to Wheat Stripe Rust. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19986-19999. [PMID: 38063491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Berberine bridge enzymes (BBEs), functioning as carbonate oxidases, enhance disease resistance in Arabidopsis and tobacco. However, the understanding of BBEs' role in monocots against pathogens remains limited. This study identified 81 TaBBEs with FAD_binding_4 and BBE domains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a separation of the BBE gene family between monocots and dicots. Notably, RNA-seq showed TaBBE64's significant induction by both pathogen-associated molecular pattern treatment and Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) infection at early stages. Subcellular localization revealed TaBBE64 at the cytoplasmic membrane. Knocking down TaBBE64 compromised wheat's Pst resistance, reducing reactive oxygen species and promoting fungal growth, confirming its positive role. Molecular docking and enzyme activity assays confirmed TaBBE64's glucose oxidation to produce H2O2. Since Pst relies on living wheat cells for carbohydrate absorption, TaBBE64's promotion of glucose oxidation limits fungal growth and resists pathogen infection. This study sheds light on BBEs' role in wheat resistance against biotrophic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Huiqing Wang
- Plant Protection Station of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830006, Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Hojjatollah Rabbani Nasab
- Plant Protection Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Centre of Golestan Province, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan 999067, Iran
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
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4
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Vishwakarma G, Saini A, Bhardwaj SC, Kumar S, Das BK. Comparative transcriptomics of stem rust resistance in wheat NILs mediated by Sr24 rust resistance gene. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295202. [PMID: 38079439 PMCID: PMC10712884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem rust of wheat is a deleterious fungal disease across the globe causing severe yield losses. Although, many stem rust resistance genes (Sr) are being used in wheat breeding programs, new emerging stem rust pathotypes are a challenge to important Sr genes. In recent years, multiple studies on leaf and yellow rust molecular mechanism have been done, however, for stem rust such studies are lacking. Current study investigated stem rust induced response in the susceptible wheat genotype C306 and its Near Isogenic Line (NIL) for Sr24 gene, HW2004, using microarray analysis to understand the transcriptomic differences at different stages of infection. Results showed that HW2004 has higher basal levels of several important genes involved in pathogen detection, defence, and display early activation of multiple defence mechanisms. Further Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analysis identified important genes responsible for pathogen detection, downstream signalling cascades and transcription factors (TFs) involved in activation and mediation of defence responses. Results suggest that generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), cytoskeletal rearrangement, activation of multiple hydrolases, and lipid metabolism mediated biosynthesis of certain secondary metabolites are collectively involved in Sr24-mediated defence in HW2004, in response to stem rust infection. Novel and unannotated, but highly responsive genes were also identified, which may also contribute towards resistance phenotype. Furthermore, certain DEGs also mapped close to the Sr24-linked marker on Thinopyrum elongatum translocated fragment on wheat 3E chromosome, which advocate further investigations for better insights of the Sr24-mediated stem rust resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Vishwakarma
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Ajay Saini
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Satish Kumar
- ICAR—Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Bikram Kishore Das
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Identification of Key Gene Network Modules and Hub Genes Associated with Wheat Response to Biotic Stress Using Combined Microarray Meta-analysis and WGCN Analysis. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:453-465. [PMID: 35996047 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00541-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the major crops worldwide and a primary source of calories for human food. Biotic stresses such as fungi, bacteria, and diseases limit wheat production. Although plant breeding and genetic engineering for biotic stress resistance have been suggested as promising solutions to handle losses caused by biotic stress factors, a comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms and identifying key genes is a critical step to obtaining success. Here, a network-based meta-analysis approach based on two main statistical methods was used to identify key genes and molecular mechanisms of the wheat response to biotic stress. A total of 163 samples (21,792 genes) from 10 datasets were analyzed. Fisher Z test based on the p-value and REM method based on effect size resulted in 533 differentially expressed genes (p < 0.001 and FDR < 0.001). WGCNA analysis using a dynamic tree-cutting algorithm was used to construct a co-expression network and three significant modules were detected. The modules were significantly enriched by 16 BP terms and 4 KEGG pathways (Benjamini-Hochberg FDR < 0.001). A total of nine hub genes (a top 1.5% of genes with the highest degree) were identified from the constructed network. The identification of DE genes, gene-gene co-expressing network, and hub genes may contribute to uncovering the molecular mechanisms of the wheat response to biotic stress.
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Bashyal BM, Rawat K, Parmar P, Gupta AK, Gupta S, Krishnan SG, Choudhary R, Ercisli S, Kovacevic A, Aggarwal R. Transcriptomic analysis of bakanae disease resistant and susceptible rice genotypes in response to infection by Fusarium fujikuroi. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:11959-11972. [PMID: 36271308 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07877-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium fujikuroi causing bakanae is one of the most significant pathogens of rice and much responsible for yield losses thereby emerging as a major risk to food security. METHODS In the present study transcriptomic analysis was conducted between two contrasting resistant (C101A51) and susceptible (Rasi) genotypes of rice with the combinations of C101A51 control (CC) vs. C101A51 inoculated (CI); Rasi control (RC) vs. Rasi inoculated (RI) and C101A51 inoculated (CI) vs. Rasi inoculated (RI). RESULTS In CC vs. CI commonly expressed genes were 12,764. Out of them 567 (4%) were significantly upregulated and 1399 (9%) genes were downregulated. For the RC vs. RI 14, 333 (79%) genes were commonly expressed. For CI vs. RI 13,662 (72%) genes were commonly expressed. Genes related to cysteine proteinase inhibitor 10, disease resistance protein TAO1-like, oleosin 16 kDa-like, pathogenesis-related protein (PR1), (PR4), BTB/POZ and MATH domain-containing protein 5-like, alpha-amylase isozyme were upregulated in resistant genotype C101A51. Whereas, genes related to GDSL esterase/lipase, serine glyoxylate aminotransferase, CASP-like protein 2C1, WAT1-related protein, Cytoplasmic linker associated proteins, xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase protein and β-D xylosidase 7 were upregulated in susceptible genotype Rasi. Gene ontology analysis showed functions related to defence response (GO:0006952), regulation of plant hypersensitive type response (GO:0010363), Potassium ion transmembrane activity (GO:0015079), chloroplast (GO:0009507), response to wounding (GO:0009611), xylan biosynthetic process (GO:0045492) were upregulated in resistant genotype C101A51 under inoculated conditions. CONCLUSION Real time PCR based validation of the selected DEGs showed that the qRT-PCR was consistent with the RNA-Seq results. This is the first transcriptomic study against bakanae disease of rice in Indian genotypes. Further, functional studies on identified genes and their utilization through different methodology will be helpful for the development of bakanae disease management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Maya Bashyal
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 110012, New Delhi, India.
| | - Kirti Rawat
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 110012, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Parmar
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 110012, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Gupta
- ICAR-National Institute of Plant Biotechnology, 110012, New Delhi, India
| | - Sangeeta Gupta
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 110012, New Delhi, India
| | - S Gopala Krishnan
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 110012, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravish Choudhary
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 110012, New Delhi, India
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Antonija Kovacevic
- BIOTECH - Center for Biotechnological Research and Development, Ivana Cankara 76, 35 000, Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Rashmi Aggarwal
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 110012, New Delhi, India
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Mapuranga J, Zhang N, Zhang L, Liu W, Chang J, Yang W. Harnessing genetic resistance to rusts in wheat and integrated rust management methods to develop more durable resistant cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:951095. [PMID: 36311120 PMCID: PMC9614308 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.951095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important staple foods on earth. Leaf rust, stem rust and stripe rust, caused by Puccini triticina, Puccinia f. sp. graminis and Puccinia f. sp. striiformis, respectively, continue to threaten wheat production worldwide. Utilization of resistant cultivars is the most effective and chemical-free strategy to control rust diseases. Convectional and molecular biology techniques identified more than 200 resistance genes and their associated markers from common wheat and wheat wild relatives, which can be used by breeders in resistance breeding programmes. However, there is continuous emergence of new races of rust pathogens with novel degrees of virulence, thus rendering wheat resistance genes ineffective. An integration of genomic selection, genome editing, molecular breeding and marker-assisted selection, and phenotypic evaluations is required in developing high quality wheat varieties with resistance to multiple pathogens. Although host genotype resistance and application of fungicides are the most generally utilized approaches for controlling wheat rusts, effective agronomic methods are required to reduce disease management costs and increase wheat production sustainability. This review gives a critical overview of the current knowledge of rust resistance, particularly race-specific and non-race specific resistance, the role of pathogenesis-related proteins, non-coding RNAs, and transcription factors in rust resistance, and the molecular basis of interactions between wheat and rust pathogens. It will also discuss the new advances on how integrated rust management methods can assist in developing more durable resistant cultivars in these pathosystems.
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8
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Platel R, Lucau-Danila A, Baltenweck R, Maia-Grondard A, Chaveriat L, Magnin-Robert M, Randoux B, Trapet P, Halama P, Martin P, Hilbert JL, Höfte M, Hugueney P, Reignault P, Siah A. Bioinspired Rhamnolipid Protects Wheat Against Zymoseptoria tritici Through Mainly Direct Antifungal Activity and Without Major Impact on Leaf Physiology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:878272. [PMID: 35720601 PMCID: PMC9204090 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.878272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnolipids (RLs), glycolipids biosynthesized by the Pseudomonas and Burkholderia genera, are known to display various activities against a wide range of pathogens. Most previous studies on RLs focused on their direct antimicrobial activity, while only a few reports described the mechanisms by which RLs induce resistance against phytopathogens and the related fitness cost on plant physiology. Here, we combined transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches to unravel the mechanisms underlying RL-induced resistance in wheat against the hemibiotrophic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici, a major pathogen of this crop. Investigations were carried out by treating wheat plants with a bioinspired synthetic mono-RL with a 12-carbon fatty acid tail, dodecanoyl α/β-L-rhamnopyranoside (Rh-Est-C12), under both infectious and non-infectious conditions to examine its potential wheat defense-eliciting and priming bioactivities. Whereas, Rh-Est-C12 conferred to wheat a significant protection against Z. tritici (41% disease severity reduction), only a slight effect of this RL on wheat leaf gene expression and metabolite accumulation was observed. A subset of 24 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 11 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) was scored in elicitation modalities 2, 5, and 15 days post-treatment (dpt), and 25 DEGs and 17 DAMs were recorded in priming modalities 5 and 15 dpt. Most changes were down-regulations, and only a few DEGs and DAMs associated with resistance to pathogens were identified. Nevertheless, a transient early regulation in gene expression was highlighted at 2 dpt (e.g., genes involved in signaling, transcription, translation, cell-wall structure, and function), suggesting a perception of the RL by the plant upon treatment. Further in vitro and in planta bioassays showed that Rh-Est-C12 displays a significant direct antimicrobial activity toward Z. tritici. Taken together, our results suggest that Rh-Est-C12 confers protection to wheat against Z. tritici through direct antifungal activity and, to a lesser extent, by induction of plant defenses without causing major alterations in plant metabolism. This study provides new insights into the modes of action of RLs on the wheat-Z. tritici pathosystem and highlights the potential interest in Rh-Est-C12, a low-fitness cost molecule, to control this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Platel
- Joint Research Unit 1158 BioEcoAgro, Junia, Univ. Lille, Univ. Liège, UPJV, Univ. Artois, ULCO, INRAE, Lille, France
| | - Anca Lucau-Danila
- Joint Research Unit 1158 BioEcoAgro, Junia, Univ. Lille, Univ. Liège, UPJV, Univ. Artois, ULCO, INRAE, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Ludovic Chaveriat
- Univ. Artois, UniLasalle, ULR 7519–Unité Transformations and Agroressources, Béthune, France
| | - Maryline Magnin-Robert
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (EA 4492), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Calais, France
| | - Béatrice Randoux
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (EA 4492), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Calais, France
| | - Pauline Trapet
- Joint Research Unit 1158 BioEcoAgro, Junia, Univ. Lille, Univ. Liège, UPJV, Univ. Artois, ULCO, INRAE, Lille, France
| | - Patrice Halama
- Joint Research Unit 1158 BioEcoAgro, Junia, Univ. Lille, Univ. Liège, UPJV, Univ. Artois, ULCO, INRAE, Lille, France
| | - Patrick Martin
- Univ. Artois, UniLasalle, ULR 7519–Unité Transformations and Agroressources, Béthune, France
| | - Jean-Louis Hilbert
- Joint Research Unit 1158 BioEcoAgro, Junia, Univ. Lille, Univ. Liège, UPJV, Univ. Artois, ULCO, INRAE, Lille, France
| | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Philippe Reignault
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (EA 4492), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Calais, France
| | - Ali Siah
- Joint Research Unit 1158 BioEcoAgro, Junia, Univ. Lille, Univ. Liège, UPJV, Univ. Artois, ULCO, INRAE, Lille, France
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Rojas EC, Jensen B, Jørgensen HJL, Latz MAC, Esteban P, Collinge DB. The Fungal Endophyte Penicillium olsonii ML37 Reduces Fusarium Head Blight by Local Induced Resistance in Wheat Spikes. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040345. [PMID: 35448576 PMCID: PMC9025337 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungal endophyte Penicillium olsonii ML37 is a biocontrol agent of Fusarium head blight in wheat (caused by Fusarium graminearum), which has shown a limited direct inhibition of fungal growth in vitro. We used RNA-seq and LC-MS/MS analyses to elucidate metabolic interactions of the three-way system Penicillium–wheat–Fusarium in greenhouse experiments. We demonstrated that P. olsonii ML37 colonises wheat spikes and transiently activates plant defence mechanisms, as pretreated spikes show a faster and stronger expression of the defence metabolism during the first 24 h after pathogen inoculation. This effect was transient and the expression of the same genes was lower in the pathogen-infected spikes than in those infected by P. olsonii alone. This response to the endophyte includes the transcriptional activation of several WRKY transcription factors. This early activation is associated with a reduction in FHB symptoms and significantly lower levels of the F. graminearum metabolites 15-acetyl-DON and culmorin. An increase in the Penicillium-associated metabolite asperphanamate confirms colonisation by the endophyte. Our results suggest that the mode of action used by P. olsonii ML37 is via a local defence activation in wheat spikes, and that this fungus has potential as a novel biological alternative in wheat disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C. Rojas
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.J.); (P.E.)
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
- Chr Hansen A/S, Højbakkegård Alle 30, 2630 Tåstrup, Denmark
- Correspondence: (E.C.R.); (D.B.C.); Tel.: +45-353-33356 (D.B.C.)
| | - Birgit Jensen
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.J.); (P.E.)
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
| | - Hans J. L. Jørgensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Meike A. C. Latz
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark
- SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Pilar Esteban
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.J.); (P.E.)
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Agro-Environmental Sciences, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - David B. Collinge
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.J.); (P.E.)
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.R.); (D.B.C.); Tel.: +45-353-33356 (D.B.C.)
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10
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Zu X, Lu Y, Wang Q, La Y, Hong X, Tan F, Niu J, Xia H, Wu Y, Zhou S, Li K, Chen H, Qiang S, Rui Q, Wang H, La H. Increased Drought Resistance 1 Mutation Increases Drought Tolerance of Upland Rice by Altering Physiological and Morphological Traits and Limiting ROS Levels. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1168-1184. [PMID: 33836080 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To discover new mutants conferring enhanced tolerance to drought stress, we screened a mutagenized upland rice (Oryza sativa) population (cv. IAPAR9) and identified a mutant, named idr1-1 (increased drought resistance 1-1), with obviously increased drought tolerance under upland field conditions. The idr1-1 mutant possessed a significantly enhanced ability to tolerate high-drought stresses. Map-based cloning revealed that the gene LOC_Os05g26890, residing in the mapping region of IDR1 locus, carried a single-base deletion in the idr1-1 mutant. IDR1 encodes the Gα subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein (also known as RGA1), and this protein was localized in nucleus and to plasma membrane or cell periphery. Further investigations indicated that the significantly increased drought tolerance in idr1-1 mutants stemmed from a range of physiological and morphological changes, including greater leaf potentials, increased proline contents, heightened leaf thickness and upregulation of antioxidant-synthesizing and drought-induced genes, under drought-stressed conditions. Especially, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production might be remarkably impaired, while ROS-scavenging ability appeared to be markedly enhanced due to significantly elevated expression of ROS-scavenging enzyme genes in idr1-1 mutants under drought-stressed conditions. In addition, idr1-1 mutants showed reduced expression of OsBRD1. Altogether, these results suggest that mutation of IDR1 leads to alterations in multiple layers of regulations, which ultimately leads to changes in the physiological and morphological traits and limiting of ROS levels, and thereby confers obviously increased drought tolerance to the idr1-1 mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zu
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanke Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yumei La
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xinyue Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Feng Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jiayu Niu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Huihui Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yufeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Bioinformatics Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoxia Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Huhui Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Sheng Qiang
- 6Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095China
| | - Qi Rui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Huaqi Wang
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Honggui La
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
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11
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Zhang H, Fu Y, Guo H, Zhang L, Wang C, Song W, Yan Z, Wang Y, Ji W. Transcriptome and Proteome-Based Network Analysis Reveals a Model of Gene Activation in Wheat Resistance to Stripe Rust. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051106. [PMID: 30836695 PMCID: PMC6429138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stripe rust, caused by the pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is an important fungal foliar disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum). To study the mechanism underlying the defense of wheat to Pst, we used the next-generation sequencing and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technologies to generate transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of seedling leaves at different stages under conditions of pathogen stress. By conducting comparative proteomic analysis using iTRAQ, we identified 2050, 2190, and 2258 differentially accumulated protein species at 24, 48, and 72 h post-inoculation (hpi). Using pairwise comparisons and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of the transcriptome, we identified a stress stage-specific module enriching in transcription regulator genes. The homologs of several regulators, including splicing and transcription factors, were similarly identified as hub genes operating in the Pst-induced response network. Moreover, the Hsp70 protein were predicted as a key point in protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks from STRING database. Taking the genetics resistance gene locus into consideration, we identified 32 induced proteins in chromosome 1BS as potential candidates involved in Pst resistance. This study indicated that the transcriptional regulation model plays an important role in activating resistance-related genes in wheat responding to Pst stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Ying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Huan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Changyou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Weining Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Zhaogui Yan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yajuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China.
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resource & Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Wanquan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China.
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resource & Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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12
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Zhu W, Gao E, Shaban M, Wang Y, Wang H, Nie X, Zhu L. GhUMC1, a blue copper-binding protein, regulates lignin synthesis and cotton immune response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:75-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Neugebauer KA, Bruce M, Todd T, Trick HN, Fellers JP. Wheat differential gene expression induced by different races of Puccinia triticina. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198350. [PMID: 29879135 PMCID: PMC5991701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Puccinia triticina, the causal agent of wheat leaf rust, causes significant losses in wheat yield and quality each year worldwide. During leaf rust infection, the host plant recognizes numerous molecules, some of which trigger host defenses. Although P. triticina reproduces clonally, there is still variation within the population due to a high mutation frequency, host specificity, and environmental adaptation. This study explores how wheat responds on a gene expression level to different P. triticina races. Six P. triticina races were inoculated onto a susceptible wheat variety and samples were taken at six days post inoculation, just prior to pustule eruption. RNA sequence data identified 63 wheat genes differentially expressed between the six races. A time course, conducted over the first seven days post inoculation, was used to examine the expression pattern of 63 genes during infection. Forty-seven wheat genes were verified to have differential expression. Three common expression patterns were identified. In addition, two genes were associated with race specific gene expression. Differential expression of an ER molecular chaperone gene was associated with races from two different P. triticina lineages. Also, differential expression in an alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase gene was associated with races with virulence shifts for leaf rust resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri A. Neugebauer
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Myron Bruce
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Tim Todd
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Harold N. Trick
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - John P. Fellers
- USDA- ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
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14
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Transcriptome Analysis Identifies a 140 kb Region of Chromosome 3B Containing Genes Specific to Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29538315 PMCID: PMC5877713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum, is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Because of the quantitative nature of FHB resistance, its mechanism is poorly understood. We conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis to identify genes that are differentially expressed in FHB-resistant and FHB-susceptible wheat lines grown under field conditions for various periods after F. graminearum infection and determined the chromosomal distribution of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). For each line, the expression in the spike (which exhibits symptoms in the infected plants) was compared with that in the flag leaves (which do not exhibit symptoms in the infected plants). We identified an island of 53 constitutive DEGs in a 140 kb region with high homology to the FhbL693b region on chromosome 3B. Of these genes, 13 were assigned to specific chloroplast-related pathways. Furthermore, one gene encoded inositol monophosphate (IMPa) and two genes encoded ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO). Our findings suggest that the temporary susceptibility in locally infected spikes results from the cross-talk between RuBisCO and IMPa, which blocks secondary signaling pathways mediated by salicylic acid and induces a systemic acquired resistance in the distant leaf tissue.
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15
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Tao F, Wang J, Guo Z, Hu J, Xu X, Yang J, Chen X, Hu X. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveal the Molecular Mechanisms of Wheat Higher-Temperature Seedling-Plant Resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:240. [PMID: 29541084 PMCID: PMC5835723 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a destructive disease of wheat worldwide. The disease is preferably controlled by growing resistant cultivars. Wheat cultivar Xiaoyan 6 (XY 6) has been resistant to stripe rust since its release. In the previous studies, XY 6 was found to have higher-temperature seedling-plant (HTSP) resistance. However, the molecular mechanisms of HTSP resistance were not clear. To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in HTSP resistance, we sequenced 30 cDNA libraries constructed from XY 6 seedlings exposed to several temperature treatments. Compared to the constant normal (15°C) and higher (20°C) temperature treatments, 1395 DEGs were identified in seedlings exposed to 20°C for 24 h (to activate HTSP resistance) and then kept at 15°C. These DEGs were located on all 21 chromosomes, with 29.2% on A, 41.1% on B and 29.7% on D genomes, by mapping to the Chinese Spring wheat genome. The 1395 DEGs were enriched in ribosome, plant-pathogen interaction and glycerolipid metabolism pathways, and some of them were identified as hub proteins (phosphatase 2C10), resistance protein homologs, WRKY transcription factors and protein kinases. The majority of these genes were up-regulated in HTSP resistance. Based on the differential expression, we found that phosphatase 2C10 and LRR receptor-like serine/threonine protein kinases are particularly interesting as they may be important for HTSP resistance through interacting with different resistance proteins, leading to a hypersensitive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Junjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhongfeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jingjing Hu
- Wuhan UnigueGene Bioinformatics Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangming Xu
- NIAB East Malling Research (EMR), East Malling, United Kingdom
| | - Jiarong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Jiarong Yang
| | - Xianming Chen
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture and Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Xiaoping Hu
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16
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Biselli C, Bagnaresi P, Faccioli P, Hu X, Balcerzak M, Mattera MG, Yan Z, Ouellet T, Cattivelli L, Valè G. Comparative Transcriptome Profiles of Near-Isogenic Hexaploid Wheat Lines Differing for Effective Alleles at the 2DL FHB Resistance QTL. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:37. [PMID: 29434615 PMCID: PMC5797473 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum, represents one of the major wheat diseases worldwide, determining severe yield losses and reduction of grain quality due to the accumulation of mycotoxins. The molecular response associated with the wheat 2DL FHB resistance QTL was mined through a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of the early response to F. graminearum infection, at 3 days post-inoculation, in spikelets and rachis. The analyses were conducted on two near isogenic lines (NILs) differing for the presence of the 2DL QTL (2-2618, resistant 2DL+ and 2-2890, susceptible null). The general response to fungal infection in terms of mRNAs accumulation trend was similar in both NILs, even though involving an higher number of DEGs in the susceptible NIL, and included down-regulation of the primary and energy metabolism, up-regulation of enzymes implicated in lignin and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, activation of hormons biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways and genes involved in redox homeostasis and transcriptional regulation. The search for candidate genes with expression profiles associated with the 2DL QTL for FHB resistance led to the discovery of processes differentially modulated in the R and S NILs related to cell wall metabolism, sugar and JA signaling, signal reception and transduction, regulation of the redox status and transcription factors. Wheat FHB response-related miRNAs differentially regulated were also identified as putatively implicated in the superoxide dismutase activities and affecting genes regulating responses to biotic/abiotic stresses and auxin signaling. Altered gene expression was also observed for fungal non-codingRNAs. The putative targets of two of these were represented by the wheat gene WIR1A, involved in resistance response, and a gene encoding a jacalin-related lectin protein, which participate in biotic and abiotic stress response, supporting the presence of a cross-talk between the plant and the fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Biselli
- CREA–Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
- *Correspondence: Chiara Biselli
| | - Paolo Bagnaresi
- CREA–Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
| | - Primetta Faccioli
- CREA–Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
| | - Xinkun Hu
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Margaret Balcerzak
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Maria G. Mattera
- Plant Breeding Department, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Genetics–ETSIAM, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Zehong Yan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Therese Ouellet
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Luigi Cattivelli
- CREA–Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
| | - Giampiero Valè
- CREA–Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
- CREA–Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Vercelli, Italy
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17
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Singh D, Kumar D, Satapathy L, Pathak J, Chandra S, Riaz A, Bhaganagre G, Dhariwal R, Kumar M, Prabhu KV, Balyan HS, Gupta PK, Mukhopadhyay K. Insights of Lr28 mediated wheat leaf rust resistance: Transcriptomic approach. Gene 2017; 637:72-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Functional Characterization of Waterlogging and Heat Stresses Tolerance Gene Pyruvate decarboxylase 2 from Actinidia deliciosa. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112377. [PMID: 29120390 PMCID: PMC5713346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous report showed that both Pyruvatedecarboxylase (PDC) genes were significantly upregulated in kiwifruit after waterlogging treatment using Illumina sequencing technology, and that the kiwifruit AdPDC1 gene was required during waterlogging, but might not be required during other environmental stresses. Here, the function of another PDC gene, named AdPDC2, was analyzed. The expression of the AdPDC2 gene was determined using qRT-PCR, and the results showed that the expression levels of AdPDC2 in the reproductive organs were much higher than those in the nutritive organs. Waterlogging, NaCl, and heat could induce the expression of AdPDC2. Overexpression of kiwifruit AdPDC2 in transgenic Arabidopsis enhanced resistance to waterlogging and heat stresses in five-week-old seedlings, but could not enhance resistance to NaCl and mannitol stresses at the seed germination stage and in early seedlings. These results suggested that the kiwifruit AdPDC2 gene may play an important role in waterlogging resistance and heat stresses in kiwifruit.
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19
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Zhou Q, Wang A, Duan R, Yan J, Zhao G, Nevo E, Chen G. Comparative transcriptome profile of the leaf elongation zone of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) eibi1 mutant and its isogenic wild type. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:834-843. [PMID: 29064514 PMCID: PMC5738607 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The naturally occurring wild barley mutant eibi1/hvabcg31
suffers from severe water loss due to the permeable leaf cuticle.
Eibi1/HvABCG31 encodes a full ATP-binding cassette (ABC)
transporter, HvABCG31, playing a role in cutin deposition in the elongation zone
of growing barley leaves. The eibi1 allele has pleiotropic
effects on the appearance of leaves, plant stature, fertility, spike and grain
size, and rate of germination. Comparative transcriptome profile of the leaf
elongation zone of the eibi1 mutant as well as its isogenic
wild type showed that various pathogenesis-related genes were up-regulated in
the eibi1 mutant. The known cuticle-related genes that we
analyzed did not show significant expression difference between the mutant and
wild type. These results suggest that the pleiotropic effects may be a
compensatory consequence of the activation of defense genes in the
eibi1 mutation. Furthermore, we were able to find the
mutation of the eibi1/hvabcg31 allele by comparing transcript
sequences, which indicated that the RNA-Seq is useful not only for researches on
general molecular mechanism but also for the identification of possible mutant
genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aidong Wang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruijun Duan
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Jun Yan
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan. China
| | - Gang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan. China
| | - Eviatar Nevo
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa Israel
| | - Guoxiong Chen
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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20
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Matić S, Bagnaresi P, Biselli C, Orru' L, Amaral Carneiro G, Siciliano I, Valé G, Gullino ML, Spadaro D. Comparative transcriptome profiling of resistant and susceptible rice genotypes in response to the seedborne pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:608. [PMID: 27515776 PMCID: PMC4981969 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2925-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fusarium fujikuroi is the causal agent of bakanae, the most significant seed-borne disease of rice. Molecular mechanisms regulating defence responses of rice towards this fungus are not yet fully known. To identify transcriptional mechanisms underpinning rice resistance, a RNA-seq comparative transcriptome profiling was conducted on infected seedlings of selected rice genotypes at one and three weeks post germination (wpg). Results Twelve rice genotypes were screened against bakanae disease leading to the identification of Selenio and Dorella as the most resistant and susceptible cultivars, respectively. Transcriptional changes were more appreciable at 3 wpg, suggesting that this infection stage is essential to study the resistance mechanisms: 3,119 DEGs were found in Selenio and 5,095 in Dorella. PR1, germin-like proteins, glycoside hydrolases, MAP kinases, and WRKY transcriptional factors were up-regulated in the resistant genotype upon infection with F. fujikuroi. Up-regulation of chitinases and down-regulation of MAP kinases and WRKY transcriptional factors were observed in the susceptible genotype. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses detected in Selenio GO terms specific to response to F. fujikuroi: ‘response to chitin’, ‘jasmonic acid biosynthetic process’, and ‘plant-type hypersensitive response’, while Dorella activated different mechanisms, such as ‘response to salicylic acid stimulus’ and ‘gibberellin metabolic process’, which was in agreement with the production of gibberellin A3 in Dorella plants. Conclusions RNA-seq profiling was performed for the first time to analyse response of rice to F. fujikuroi infection. Our findings allowed the identification of genes activated in one- and three- week-old rice seedlings of two genotypes infected with F. fujikuroi. Furthermore, we found the pathways involved in bakanae resistance, such as response to chitin, JA-dependent signalling and hypersensitive response. Collectively, this provides important information to elucidate the molecular and cellular processes occurring in rice during F. fujikuroi infection and to develop bakanae resistant rice germplasm. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2925-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavica Matić
- AGROINNOVA - Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-environmental Sector, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2 (ex-Via L. da Vinci 44), 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy.,Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2 (ex-Via L. da Vinci 44), 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Paolo Bagnaresi
- Council for agricultural research and economics (CREA), Genomics Research Centre, via S. Protaso, 302 I -29017, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, PC, Italy
| | - Chiara Biselli
- Council for agricultural research and economics (CREA), Genomics Research Centre, via S. Protaso, 302 I -29017, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, PC, Italy
| | - Luigi Orru'
- Council for agricultural research and economics (CREA), Genomics Research Centre, via S. Protaso, 302 I -29017, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, PC, Italy
| | - Greice Amaral Carneiro
- AGROINNOVA - Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-environmental Sector, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2 (ex-Via L. da Vinci 44), 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy.,Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2 (ex-Via L. da Vinci 44), 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Ilenia Siciliano
- AGROINNOVA - Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-environmental Sector, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2 (ex-Via L. da Vinci 44), 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Giampiero Valé
- Council for agricultural research and economics (CREA), Rice Research Unit, S.S.11 to Torino, km 2,5, 13100, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Maria Lodovica Gullino
- AGROINNOVA - Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-environmental Sector, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2 (ex-Via L. da Vinci 44), 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy.,Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2 (ex-Via L. da Vinci 44), 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Davide Spadaro
- AGROINNOVA - Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-environmental Sector, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2 (ex-Via L. da Vinci 44), 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy. .,Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2 (ex-Via L. da Vinci 44), 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
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Structure of a Berberine Bridge Enzyme-Like Enzyme with an Active Site Specific to the Plant Family Brassicaceae. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156892. [PMID: 27276217 PMCID: PMC4898691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine bridge enzyme-like (BBE-like) proteins form a multigene family (pfam 08031), which is present in plants, fungi and bacteria. They adopt the vanillyl alcohol-oxidase fold and predominantly show bi-covalent tethering of the FAD cofactor to a cysteine and histidine residue, respectively. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome was recently shown to contain genes coding for 28 BBE-like proteins, while featuring four distinct active site compositions. We determined the structure of a member of the AtBBE-like protein family (termed AtBBE-like 28), which has an active site composition that has not been structurally and biochemically characterized thus far. The most salient and distinguishing features of the active site found in AtBBE-like 28 are a mono-covalent linkage of a histidine to the 8α-position of the flavin-isoalloxazine ring and the lack of a second covalent linkage to the 6-position, owing to the replacement of a cysteine with a histidine. In addition, the structure reveals the interaction of a glutamic acid (Glu426) with an aspartic acid (Asp369) at the active site, which appear to share a proton. This arrangement leads to the delocalization of a negative charge at the active site that may be exploited for catalysis. The structure also indicates a shift of the position of the isoalloxazine ring in comparison to other members of the BBE-like family. The dioxygen surrogate chloride was found near the C(4a) position of the isoalloxazine ring in the oxygen pocket, pointing to a rapid reoxidation of reduced enzyme by dioxygen. A T-DNA insertional mutant line for AtBBE-like 28 results in a phenotype, that is characterized by reduced biomass and lower salt stress tolerance. Multiple sequence analysis showed that the active site composition found in AtBBE-like 28 is only present in the Brassicaceae, suggesting that it plays a specific role in the metabolism of this plant family.
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Gul A, Ahad A, Akhtar S, Ahmad Z, Rashid B, Husnain T. Microarray: gateway to unravel the mystery of abiotic stresses in plants. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 38:527-43. [PMID: 26667130 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-2010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Environmental factors, such as drought, salinity, extreme temperature, ozone poisoning, metal toxicity etc., significantly affect crops. To study these factors and to design a possible remedy, biological experimental data concerning these crops requires the quantification of gene expression and comparative analyses at high throughput level. Development of microarrays is the platform to study the differential expression profiling of the targeted genes. This technology can be applied to gene expression studies, ranging from individual genes to whole genome level. It is now possible to perform the quantification of the differential expression of genes on a glass slide in a single experiment. This review documents recently published reports on the use of microarrays for the identification of genes in different plant species playing their role in different cellular networks under abiotic stresses. The regulation pattern of differentially-expressed genes, individually or in group form, may help us to study different pathways and functions at the cellular and molecular level. These studies can provide us with a lot of useful information to unravel the mystery of abiotic stresses in important crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambreen Gul
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, 87 W Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Ahad
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, 87 W Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Akhtar
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, 87 W Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Zarnab Ahmad
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, 87 W Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Rashid
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, 87 W Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan.
| | - Tayyab Husnain
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, 87 W Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
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Li X, Liu T, Chen W, Zhong S, Zhang H, Tang Z, Chang Z, Wang L, Zhang M, Li L, Rao H, Ren Z, Luo P. Wheat WCBP1 encodes a putative copper-binding protein involved in stripe rust resistance and inhibition of leaf senescence. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:239. [PMID: 26444258 PMCID: PMC4595213 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stripe rust, a highly destructive foliar disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum), causes severe losses, which may be accompanied by reduced photosynthetic activity and accelerated leaf senescence. METHODS We used suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) to examine the mechanisms of resistance in the resistant wheat line L693 (Reg. No. GP-972, PI 672538), which was derived from a lineage that includes a wide cross between common and Thinopyrum intermedium. Sequencing of an SSH cDNA library identified 112 expressed sequence tags. RESULTS In silico mapping placed one of these tags [GenBank: JK972238] on chromosome 1A. Primers based on [GenBank: JK972238] amplified a polymorphic band, which co-segregated with YrL693. We cloned a candidate gene encoding wheat copper-binding protein (WCBP1) by amplifying the polymorphic region, and we mapped WCBP1 to a 0.64 cM genetic interval. Brachypodium, rice, and sorghum have genes and genomic regions syntenic to this region. DISCUSSION Sequence analysis suggested that the resistant WCBP1 allele might have resulted from a deletion of 36-bp sequence of the wheat genomic sequence, rather than direct transfer from Th. intermedium. qRT-PCR confirmed that WCBP1 expression changes in response to pathogen infection. CONCLUSIONS The unique chromosomal location and expression mode of WCBP1 suggested that WCBP1 is the putative candidate gene of YrL693, which was involved in leaf senescence and photosynthesis related to plant responses to stripe rust infection during the grain-filling stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Taiguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Wanquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Shengfu Zhong
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Huaiyu Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Zongxiang Tang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Zhijian Chang
- Institute of Crop Genetics, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030031, China.
| | - Ling Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Liqin Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Hefei Rao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Zhenglong Ren
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Peigao Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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Ravensdale M, Rocheleau H, Wang L, Nasmith C, Ouellet T, Subramaniam R. Components of priming-induced resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat revealed by two distinct mutants of Fusarium graminearum. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2014; 15:948-56. [PMID: 24751103 PMCID: PMC6638912 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Two mutants (tri6Δ and noxABΔ) of the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum were assessed for their ability to prime immune responses in wheat (cv. Roblin) against challenge with pathogenic F. graminearum. Priming treatments generated Fusarium head blight (FHB)-resistant wheat phenotypes and reduced the accumulation of fungal mycotoxins in infected tissues. Microarray analysis identified 260 transcripts that were differentially expressed during the priming period. Expression changes were observed in genes associated with immune surveillance systems, signalling cascades, antimicrobial compound production, oxidative burst, secondary metabolism, and detoxification and transport. Specifically, genes related to jasmonate, gibberellin and ethylene biosynthesis exhibited differential expression during priming. In addition, the induction of the phenylpropanoid pathways that lead to flavonoid, coumarin and hydroxycinnamic acid amide accumulation was also observed. This study highlights the utility of nonpathogenic mutants to both elicit and delineate stages of defence responses in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ravensdale
- Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0C6
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Chen W, Wellings C, Chen X, Kang Z, Liu T. Wheat stripe (yellow) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2014; 15:433-46. [PMID: 24373199 PMCID: PMC6638732 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Stripe (yellow) rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a serious disease of wheat occurring in most wheat areas with cool and moist weather conditions during the growing season. The basidiomycete fungus is an obligate biotrophic parasite that is difficult to culture on artificial media. Pst is a macrocyclic, heteroecious fungus that requires both primary (wheat or grasses) and alternate (Berberis or Mahonia spp.) host plants to complete its life cycle. Urediniospores have the capacity for wind dispersal over long distances, which may, under high inoculum pressure, extend to thousands of kilometres from the initial infection sites. Stripe rust, which is considered to be the current major rust disease affecting winter cereal production across the world, has been studied intensively for over a century. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the Pst-wheat pathosystem, with emphasis on the life cycle, uredinial infection process, population biology of the pathogen, genes for stripe rust resistance in wheat and molecular perspectives of wheat-Pst interactions. TAXONOMY The stripe rust pathogen, Puccinia striiformis Westend. (Ps), is classified in kingdom Fungi, phylum Basidiomycota, class Urediniomycetes, order Uredinales, family Pucciniaceae, genus Puccinia. Ps is separated below the species level by host specialization on various grass genera, comprising up to nine formae speciales, of which P. striiformis f. sp. tritici Erikss. (Pst) causes stripe (or yellow) rust on wheat. HOST RANGE Uredinial/telial hosts: Pst mainly infects common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (T. turgidum var. durum L.), cultivated emmer wheat (T. dicoccum Schrank), wild emmer wheat (T. dicoccoides Korn) and triticale (Triticosecale). Pst can infect certain cultivated barleys (Hordeum vulgare L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.), but generally does not cause severe epidemics. In addition, Pst may infect naturalized and improved pasture grass species, such as Elymus canadensis L., Leymus secalinus Hochst, Agropyron spp. Garetn, Hordeum spp. L., Phalaris spp. L and Bromus unioloides Kunth. Pycnial/aecial (alternative) hosts: Barberry (Berberis chinensis, B. koreana, B. holstii, B. vulgaris, B. shensiana, B. potaninii, B. dolichobotrys, B. heteropoda, etc.) and Oregon grape (Mahonia aquifolium). DISEASE SYMPTOMS Stripe rust appears as a mass of yellow to orange urediniospores erupting from pustules arranged in long, narrow stripes on leaves (usually between veins), leaf sheaths, glumes and awns on susceptible plants. Resistant wheat cultivars are characterized by various infection types from no visual symptoms to small hypersensitive flecks to uredinia surrounded by chlorosis or necrosis with restricted urediniospore production. On seedlings, uredinia produced by the infection of a single urediniospore are not confined by leaf veins, but progressively emerge from the infection site in all directions, potentially covering the entire leaf surface. Individual uredinial pustules are oblong, 0.4-0.7 mm in length and 0.1 mm in width. Urediniospores are broadly ellipsoidal to broadly obovoid, (16-)18-30(-32) × (15-)17-27(-28) μm, with a mean of 24.5 × 21.6 μm, yellow to orange in colour, echinulate, and with 6-18 scattered germ pores. Urediniospores can germinate rapidly when free moisture (rain or dew) occurs on leaf surfaces and when the temperatures range is between 7 and 12 °C. At higher temperatures or during the later growing stages of the host, black telia are often produced, which are pulvinate to oblong, 0.2-0.7 mm in length and 0.1 mm in width. The teliospores are predominantly two-celled, dark brown with thick walls, mostly oblong-clavate, (24-)31-56(-65) × (11-)14-25(-29) μm in length and width, and rounded or flattened at the apex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, West Yuan Ming Yuan Road, Beijing, 100193, China
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Ali SS, Kumar GBS, Khan M, Doohan FM. Brassinosteroid enhances resistance to fusarium diseases of barley. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2013; 103:1260-7. [PMID: 23777406 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-13-0111-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium pathogens are among the most damaging pathogens of cereals. These pathogens have the ability to attack the roots, seedlings, and flowering heads of barley and wheat plants with disease, resulting in yield loss and head blight disease and also resulting in the contamination of grain with mycotoxins harmful to human and animal health. There is increasing evidence that brassinosteroid (BR) hormones play an important role in plant defense against both biotic and abiotic stress agents and this study set out to determine if and how BR might affect Fusarium diseases of barley. Application of the epibrassinolide (epiBL) to heads of 'Lux' barley reduced the severity of Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium culmorum by 86% and reduced the FHB-associated loss in grain weight by 33%. Growth of plants in soil amended with epiBL resulted in a 28 and 35% reduction in Fusarium seedling blight (FSB) symptoms on the Lux and 'Akashinriki' barley, respectively. Microarray analysis was used to determine whether growth in epiBL-amended soil changed the transcriptional profile in stem base tissue during the early stages of FSB development. At 24 and 48 h post F. culmorum inoculation, there were 146 epiBL-responsive transcripts, the majority being from the 48-h time point (n = 118). Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis validated the results for eight transcripts, including five defense genes. The results of gene expression studies show that chromatin remodeling, hormonal signaling, photosynthesis, and pathogenesis-related genes are activated in plants as a result of growth in epiBL.
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Chen X. Review Article: High-Temperature Adult-Plant Resistance, Key for Sustainable Control of Stripe Rust. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2013.43080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhang H, Wang C, Cheng Y, Chen X, Han Q, Huang L, Wei G, Kang Z. Histological and cytological characterization of adult plant resistance to wheat stripe rust. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2012; 31:2121-37. [PMID: 22833277 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-012-1322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Wheat cultivar Xingzi 9104 (XZ) possesses adult plant resistance (APR) to stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). In this study, histological and cytological experiments were conducted to elucidate the mechanisms of APR in XZ. The results of leaf inoculation experiments indicated that APR was initiated at the tillering stage, gradually increased as the plant aged and highly expressed after boot stage. The histology and oxidative burst in infected leaves of plants at seedling, tillering and boot stages were examined using light microscopic and histochemical methods. Subcellular changes in the host-pathogen interactions during the seedling and boot stages were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that haustorium formation was retarded in the adult plants and that the differentiation of secondary intercellular hyphae was significantly inhibited, which decreased the development of microcolonies in the adult plants, especially in plants of boot stage. The expression of APR to stipe rust during wheat development was clearly associated with extensive hypersensitive cell death of host cells and localized production of reactive oxygen species, which coincided with the restriction of fungal growth in infection sites in adult plants. At the same time, cell wall-related resistance in adult plants prevented ingression of haustorial mother cells into plant cells. Haustorium encasement was coincident with malformation or death of haustoria. The results provide useful information for further determination of mechanisms of wheat APR to stripe rust. KEY MESSAGE The expression of APR to stipe rust in wheat cultivar Xingzi 9104 (XZ) was clearly associated with extensive hypersensitive cell death of host cells and the localized production of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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29
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Tufan HA, McGrann GRD, MacCormack R, Boyd LA. TaWIR1 contributes to post-penetration resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae, but not Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, in wheat. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2012; 13:653-65. [PMID: 22243838 PMCID: PMC6638694 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00775.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Wheat-Induced Resistance 1 (TaWIR1) gene family are highly induced in response to a wide range of pathogens. Homologues have been identified in barley, but not in Brachypodium, whereas, in rice, only distant WIR1 candidates are known. Phylogenetic analysis placed TaWIR1a and TaWIR1b within a distinct clade of wheat transcripts, whereas TaWIR1c clustered with HvWIR1 genes. Transcripts of all three TaWIR1 genes were strongly induced by a wheat-adapted isolate of Magnaporthe oryzae. Virus-induced gene silencing of the TaWIR1 gene family had no effect on the initial penetration of epidermal cells by M. oryzae. However, following the establishment of an infection site, the fungus was able to grow more extensively within the leaf tissue, relative to control leaves, indicating a role for the TaWIR1 gene family in the cell-to-cell movement of M. oryzae. In contrast, the silencing of TaWIR1 transcripts had no effect on epidermal cell penetration by a wheat-adapted isolate of Blumeria graminis, or on the subsequent growth of hyphae. Differential transcription of TaWIR1 genes was also seen in epidermal peels, relative to the remaining leaf tissue, following inoculation with M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hale A Tufan
- Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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30
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Huang X, Chen X, Coram T, Wang M, Kang Z. Gene expression profiling of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici during development reveals a highly dynamic transcriptome. J Genet Genomics 2011; 38:357-71. [PMID: 21867962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) causes stripe rust, one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide. cDNA libraries had been constructed from urediniospores, germinated urediniospores and haustoria. However, little is known about the expression patterns of the genes related to the infection process and sporulation of the pathogen. In this study, a custom oligonucleotide microarray was constructed using sequences of 442 gene transcripts selected from Pst cDNA libraries. The expression patterns of the genes were determined by hybridizing the microarray with cDNA from Pst in vitro and Pst-infected wheat leaves. The time course study identified 55 transcripts that were differentially expressed during the infection process in a compatible interaction. They were identified to have functions related to the following biological processes, including carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, energy, cell signaling, protein synthesis, cell structure and division. In an incompatible interaction, 17 transcripts of the pathogen were differentially expressed in resistant wheat leaves inoculated with an avirulent Pst race, ten of which had similar expression patterns to those in the compatible interaction. Several candidates for pathogenicity and virulence/avirulence related genes were also identified. The results of quantitative real-time PCR validated the expression patterns of some selected genes. The study demonstrates that the custom oligonucleotide microarray technology is useful to determine the expression patterns of the pathogen genes involved in different types of the host-pathogen interactions and stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
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Bozkurt TO, McGrann GRD, MacCormack R, Boyd LA, Akkaya MS. Cellular and transcriptional responses of wheat during compatible and incompatible race-specific interactions with Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2010; 11:625-40. [PMID: 20696001 PMCID: PMC6640440 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2010.00633.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The initial stages of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (the causal agent of yellow rust in wheat) infection triggered a hypersensitive cell death (HCD) response in both compatible and Yr1-mediated incompatible interactions, although the response was earlier and more extensive in the incompatible interaction. Later stages of fungal development were only associated with an HCD response in the incompatible interaction, the HCD response being effectively suppressed in the compatible interaction. Cell autofluorescence was seen in mesophyll cells in direct contact with fungal infection hyphae (primary HCD) and in adjacent mesophyll cells (secondary HCD), indicating the activation of cell-to-cell signalling. Microarray analysis identified a number of defence-related transcripts implicated in Yr1-mediated resistance, including classical pathogenesis-related (PR) transcripts and genes involved in plant cell defence responses, such as the oxidative burst and cell wall fortification. A quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction time course analysis identified a number of defence-related genes, including PR2, PR4, PR9, PR10 and WIR1 transcripts, associated with the latter stages of Yr1-mediated resistance. A meta-analysis comparison of the Yr1-regulated transcriptome with the resistance transcriptomes of the race-specific resistance gene Yr5 and the race-nonspecific adult plant resistance gene Yr39 indicated limited transcript commonality. Common transcripts were largely confined to classic PR and defence-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga O Bozkurt
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Programs, Ankara, Turkey
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32
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Wheat defense genes in fungal (Puccinia striiformis) infection. Funct Integr Genomics 2010; 10:227-39. [PMID: 20186453 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-010-0161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide. To isolate defense-related genes against the pathogen, a suppression subtractive hybridization library was constructed for an incompatible interaction. From the library, 652 sequences were determined to be unigenes, of which 31 were determined as genes involved in signal transduction and 77 were predicted to encode defense-related proteins. Expression patterns of 12 selected signal transduction and defense-related genes were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Signal transduction genes started increasing their expression at 12 h post inoculation (hpi), and expressions of the most of the transport and resistance-related genes were induced at 18 hpi. The gene expression results indicate specific molecular and cellular activities during the incompatible interaction between wheat and the stripe rust pathogen. In general, the expression increase of wheat signal transduction genes soon after inoculation with the pathogen inducing various defense-related genes, including reactive oxygen species, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, pathogenesis-related proteins, and genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway. The activities of these defense genes work in a sequential and concerted manner to result in a hypersensitive response.
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