Long non-coding RNA MIR22HG suppresses the chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells by interacting with CTCF to upregulate CRLF1

The role of lncRNA in the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells: from functions to mechanism

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have become one of the best seed cells widely studied and concerned in tissue engineering because of their rich sources and excellent multi-directional differentiation ability, which are expected to play a practical application role in tissue defect, osteoporosis, plastic surgery, and other fields. However, the differentiation direction of ADSCs is regulated by complex factors. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules longer than 500 nucleotides that do not encode proteins and can act as signaling RNAs in response to intracellular and extracellular stimuli. Recently, accumulating evidence has revealed that lncRNAs could regulate the cell cycle and differentiation direction of ADSCs through various mechanisms, including histone modification, binding to RNA-binding proteins, and regulating the expression of miRNAs. Therefore, enriching and elucidating its mechanism of action as well as targeting lncRNAs to regulate ADSCs differentiation have potential prospects in tissue regeneration applications such as bone, blood vessels, and adipose. In this review, we summarize the role and mechanism of lncRNAs and its complexes in the multi-directional differentiation of ADSCs and discuss some potential approaches that can exert therapeutic effects on tissue defects by modulating the expression level of lncRNAs in ADSCs. Our work might provide some new research directions for the clinical applications of tissue engineering.

Highlights on the Effects of Non-Coding RNAs in the Osteonecrosis of the Jaw

Osteonecrosis of the jaw is the progressive loss and destruction of bone affecting the maxilla or mandible in patients treated with antiresorptive and antiangiogenic agents without receiving prior radiation therapy. The pathogenesis involves the inflammatory pathway of receptor activator of nuclear factor NF-kB ligand and the macrophage colony-stimulating factor, essential for osteoclast precursors survival and proliferation and acting through its receptor c-Fms. Evidence has shown the role of non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the jaw and this finding might be useful in diagnosis since these small RNAs could be considered as biomarkers of apoptotic activity in bone. Interestingly, it has been proved that miR-29 and miR-31-5p, acting on specific targets such as CALCR and RhoA, promote programmed-cell death and consequently the necrosis of bone tissue. Specific long non-coding RNAs, instead, have been detected both at reduced levels in patients with multiple myeloma and osteonecrosis, and associated with suppression of osteoblast differentiation, with consequences in the progression of mandible lesions. Among non-coding genic material, circular RNAs have the capability to modify the expression of specific mRNAs responsible for the inhibition of bisphosphonates activity on osteoclastogenesis.