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Chaudhary A, Raza SS, Haque R. Transcriptional factors targeting in cancer stem cells for tumor modulation. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 88:123-137. [PMID: 36603792 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are now considered the primary "seeds" for the onset, development, metastasis, and recurrence of tumors. Despite therapeutic breakthroughs, cancer remains the leading cause of death worldwide. This is because the tumor microenvironment contains a key population of cells known as CSCs, which promote tumor aggression. CSCs are self-renewing cells that aid tumor recurrence by promoting tumor growth and persisting in patients after many traditional cancer treatments. According to reports, numerous transcription factors (TF) play a key role in maintaining CSC pluripotency and its self-renewal property. The understanding of the functions, structures, and interactional dynamics of these transcription factors with DNA has modified the hypothesis, paving the way for novel transcription factor-targeted therapies. These TFs, which are crucial and are required by cancer cells, play a vital function in the etiology of human cancer. Such CSC TFs will help with gene expression profiling, which provides crucial data for predicting the prognosis of patients. To overcome anti-cancer medication resistance and completely eradicate cancer, a potent therapy combining TFs-based CSC targets with traditional chemotherapy may be developed. In order to develop therapies that could eliminate CSCs, we here concentrated on the effect of TFs and other components of signalling pathways on cancer stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Earth Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Syed Shadab Raza
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, India
| | - Rizwanul Haque
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Earth Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India.
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Takami H, Perry A, Graffeo CS, Giannini C, Narita Y, Nakazato Y, Saito N, Nishikawa R, Matsutani M, Ichimura K, Daniels DJ. Comparison on epidemiology, tumor location, histology, and prognosis of intracranial germ cell tumors between Mayo Clinic and Japanese consortium cohorts. J Neurosurg 2020; 134:446-456. [PMID: 32005022 DOI: 10.3171/2019.11.jns191576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Central nervous system (CNS) germ cell tumors (GCTs) are rare malignant neoplasms that arise predominantly in adolescents and young adults. CNS GCTs demonstrate characteristic trends in national associations, with implications for both tumor incidence and genetics. Although the incidence of CNS GCTs is markedly higher in East Asia than Western countries, direct comparative analyses between these CNS GCT populations are limited. METHODS In Japan, to facilitate the genomic analyses of CNS GCTs, the Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor Genome Analysis Consortium was established in 2011, and more than 200 cases of GCTs are available for both tumor tissue and clinical data, which is organized by the National Cancer Center (NCC) Japan. At the Mayo Clinic, there have been 98 cases of intracranial GCTs treated by the Department of Neurologic Surgery since 1988. In this paper, the authors compared the epidemiology, clinical presentation including location and histology, and prognosis between cases treated in the US and Japan. RESULTS There was no significant difference in age and sex distributions between the databases. However, there was a significant difference in the tumor locations; specifically, the frequency of basal ganglia was higher in the NCC database compared with the Mayo Clinic (8.4% vs 0%, p = 0.008), and bifocal location (neurohypophysis and pineal gland) was higher at the Mayo Clinic than at the NCC (18.8% vs 5.8%, p = 0.002). There was no difference in histological subdivisions between the databases. There was no difference in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of germinoma cases and OS of nongerminomatous GCT (NGGCT) cases treated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy covering whole ventricles. However, PFS of NGGCTs differed significantly, and was better in the NCC cohorts (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS There appears to be a differential distribution of GCTs by neuroanatomical location between major geographic and national groups. Further study is warranted to better characterize any underlying genomic, epigenetic, or environmental factors that may be driving the phenotypic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Takami
- Departments of1Neurologic Surgery and
- 3Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Caterina Giannini
- 2Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yoshitaka Narita
- 5Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakazato
- 6Department of Pathology, Hidaka Hospital, Gunma, Japan; and
| | - Nobuhito Saito
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Nishikawa
- 7Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masao Matsutani
- 7Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koichi Ichimura
- 3Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Malchenko S, Sredni ST, Bi Y, Margaryan NV, Boyineni J, Mohanam I, Tomita T, Davuluri RV, Soares MB. Stabilization of HIF-1α and HIF-2α, up-regulation of MYCC and accumulation of stabilized p53 constitute hallmarks of CNS-PNET animal model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173106. [PMID: 28249000 PMCID: PMC5332108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we described a new animal model of CNS primitive neuroectodermal tumors (CNS-PNET), which was generated by orthotopic transplantation of human Radial Glial (RG) cells into NOD-SCID mice's brain sub-ventricular zone. In the current study we conducted comprehensive RNA-Seq analyses to gain insights on the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis in this mouse model of CNS-PNET. Here we show that the RNA-Seq profiles derived from these tumors cluster with those reported for patients' PNETs. Moreover, we found that (i) stabilization of HIF-1α and HIF-2α, which are involved in mediation of the hypoxic responses in the majority of cell types, (ii) up-regulation of MYCC, a key onco-protein whose dysregulation occurs in ~70% of human tumors, and (iii) accumulation of stabilized p53, which is commonly altered in human cancers, constitute hallmarks of our tumor model, and might represent the basis for CNS-PNET tumorigenesis in this model. We discuss the possibility that these three events might be interconnected. These results indicate that our model may prove invaluable to uncover the molecular events leading to MYCC and TP53 alterations, which would be of broader interest considering their relevance to many human malignancies. Lastly, this mouse model might prove useful for drug screening targeting MYCC and related members of its protein interaction network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Malchenko
- Department of Cancer Biology & Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Simone Treiger Sredni
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program at the Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yingtao Bi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Abbvie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Naira V. Margaryan
- Department of Biochemistry, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jerusha Boyineni
- Department of Cancer Biology & Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Indra Mohanam
- Department of Cancer Biology & Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tadanori Tomita
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ramana V. Davuluri
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Marcelo B. Soares
- Department of Cancer Biology & Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
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Lin A, Marchionni L, Sosnowski J, Berman D, Eberhart CG, Bar EE. Role of nestin in glioma invasion. World J Transl Med 2015; 4:78-87. [DOI: 10.5528/wjtm.v4.i3.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the role for the intermediate filament protein nestin in glioma invasion.
METHODS: We examined the expression and function of nestin in gliomas (Grades II-IV as defined by the World Health Organization). We determined nestin expression using Immunohistochemical methods. To elucidate nestin’s biological function(s), we reduced mRNA levels by 61% and 87% in two glioblastoma-derived neurosphere lines using short hairpin RNAs and determined the effect of reduced nestin expression on glioma cell proliferation and invasion using MTS and matrigel migration assays, respectively. We also utilized quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction assays to determine the effect of reduced nestin expression on the expression of other markers associated with glioma stem cells and their differentiated progenies.
RESULTS: We found a significant correlation between nestin immunoreactivity and astrocytoma tumor grade, with 36% of grade II, 75% of grade III, and 100% of grade IV tumors expressing significant levels of the protein when assessed using immunohistochemistry. Reduction in nestin expression had no effect on cell growth in culture, but did retard the capacity of one line to migrate in-vitro on matrigel. Interestingly, in the line whose migration was not affected, mRNA levels of a second intermediate filament, synemin (also knowns as desmuslin), were elevated following introduction of shRNA targeting nestin. As synemin was not induced in the line which required nestin for migration, it is a possibility that synemin may compensate for the loss of nestin in this process.
CONCLUSION: Nestin expression is prominent in high-grade astrocytomas. Nestin is not required for cell growth but it may, however, be required for cell motility.
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Neradil J, Veselska R. Nestin as a marker of cancer stem cells. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:803-11. [PMID: 25940879 PMCID: PMC4520630 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The crucial role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the pathology of malignant diseases has been extensively studied during the last decade. Nestin, a class VI intermediate filament protein, was originally detected in neural stem cells during development. Its expression has also been reported in different tissues under various pathological conditions. Specifically, nestin has been shown to be expressed in transformed cells of various human malignancies, and a correlation between its expression and the clinical course of some diseases has been proved. Furthermore, the coexpression of nestin with other stem cell markers was described as a CSC phenotype that was subsequently verified using tumorigenicity assays. The primary aim of this review is to summarize the recent findings regarding nestin expression in CSCs, its possible role in CSC phenotypes, particularly with respect to capacity for self-renewal, and its utility as a putative marker of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Neradil
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, School of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Veselska
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, School of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Samkari A, Hwang E, Packer RJ. Medulloblastoma/Primitive neuroectodermal tumor and germ cell tumors: the uncommon but potentially curable primary brain tumors. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2012; 26:881-95. [PMID: 22794288 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This article presents an overview of medulloblastomas, central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumors, and germ cell tumors for the practicing oncologist. Discussion includes the definition of these tumors, histopathologic findings, molecular and genetic characteristics, prognoses, and evolution of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Samkari
- The Brain Tumor Institute, Division of Neurology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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Vitorovic D, Rosenblum J, Thomas C, Lee J, Biller J. Primary CNS teratocarcinoma. Front Neurol 2012; 3:14. [PMID: 22363315 PMCID: PMC3277263 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2012.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary central nervous system (CNS) teratomas are rare tumors that consist of all three germ cell layers. We describe a young man with a primary malignant CNS teratocarcinoma presenting as leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. Diagnosis of primary CNS teratocarcinomas is challenging; relentless pursuit of the diagnosis must follow even if early ancillary studies are inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Vitorovic
- Department of Neurology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Maywood, IL, USA
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Sato A, Sakurada K, Kumabe T, Sasajima T, Beppu T, Asano K, Ohkuma H, Ogawa A, Mizoi K, Tominaga T, Kitanaka C, Kayama T. Association of stem cell marker CD133 expression with dissemination of glioblastomas. Neurosurg Rev 2010; 33:175-83; discussion 183-4. [PMID: 20135187 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-010-0239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 10/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dissemination of glioblastoma was once considered rare but is now increasingly encountered with longer survival of glioblastoma patients. Despite the potential negative impact of dissemination on clinical outcome, however, molecular markers useful for prediction of dissemination risk still remains ill defined. We tested in this study for an association between the expression of stem cell marker CD133 and the risk of dissemination in 26 cases of glioblastoma (16 with dissemination and 10 without dissemination). The protein expression of CD133 was examined by western blot analysis of tumor specimens, and the CD133 expression levels were quantified by densitometry and normalized to beta-actin. The results indicated that CD133 expression levels are significantly higher in glioblastomas with dissemination (mean 10.3, range 0.20-27.8) than in those without (mean 1.18, range 0.07-3.58). The results suggest that CD133 could be a molecular predictor of glioblastoma dissemination, and also give rise to an intriguing idea that CD133-positive cancer stem cells may be implicated in the initiation of disseminated lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
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