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Iaccarino C, Chibbaro S, Sauvigny T, Timofeev I, Zaed I, Franchetti S, Mee H, Belli A, Buki A, De Bonis P, Demetriades AK, Depreitere B, Fountas K, Ganau M, Germanò A, Hutchinson P, Kolias A, Lindner D, Lippa L, Marklund N, McMahon C, Mielke D, Nasi D, Peul W, Poca MA, Pompucci A, Posti JP, Serban NL, Splavski B, Florian IS, Tasiou A, Zona G, Servadei F. Consensus-based recommendations for diagnosis and surgical management of cranioplasty and post-traumatic hydrocephalus from a European panel. BRAIN & SPINE 2024; 4:102761. [PMID: 38510640 PMCID: PMC10951750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bas.2024.102761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Planning cranioplasty (CPL) in patients with suspected or proven post-traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) poses a significant management challenge due to a lack of clear guidance. Research question This project aims to create a European document to improve adherence and adapt to local protocols based on available resources and national health systems. Methods After a thorough non-systematic review, a steering committee (SC) formed a European expert panel (EP) for a two-round questionnaire using the Delphi method. The questionnaire employed a 9-point Likert scale to assess the appropriateness of statements inherent to two sections: "Diagnostic criteria for PTH" and "Surgical strategies for PTH and cranial reconstruction." Results The panel reached a consensus on 29 statements. In the "Diagnostic criteria for PTH" section, five statements were deemed "appropriate" (consensus 74.2-90.3 %), two were labeled "inappropriate," and seven were marked as "uncertain."In the "Surgical strategies for PTH and cranial reconstruction" section, four statements were considered "appropriate" (consensus 74.2-90.4 %), six were "inappropriate," and five were "uncertain." Discussion and conclusion Planning a cranioplasty alongside hydrocephalus remains a significant challenge in neurosurgery. Our consensus conference suggests that, in patients with cranial decompression and suspected hydrocephalus, the most suitable diagnostic approach involves a combination of evolving clinical conditions and neuroradiological imaging. The recommended management sequence prioritizes cranial reconstruction, with the option of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt when needed, preferably with a programmable valve. We strongly recommend to adopt local protocols based on expert consensus, such as this, to guide patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Iaccarino
- School of Neurosurgery, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Neurosurgery Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
- Neurosurgery Unit, AUSL RE IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Chibbaro
- Neurosurgery Department, University of Siena, AOUS Le Scotte, Siena, Italy
| | - Thomas Sauvigny
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ivan Timofeev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ismail Zaed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter of the Southern Switzerland, Regional Hospital of Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Harry Mee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Box 167, Level 4, A block Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Global Health Research Group on NeuroTrauma, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonio Belli
- The Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andras Buki
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Orebro, Orebro, Sweden
| | - Pasquale De Bonis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ferrara and Sant'Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andreas K. Demetriades
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, UK
- Edinburgh Spinal Surgery Outcome Studies Group, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bart Depreitere
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kostantinos Fountas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Mario Ganau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Antonino Germanò
- Division of Neurosurgery, BIOMORF Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Peter Hutchinson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB20QQ, UK
| | - Angelos Kolias
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB20QQ, UK
| | - Dirk Lindner
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laura Lippa
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Grande Ospedale Metrnoplitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Niklas Marklund
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurosurgery, Lund University, Department of Neurosurgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Catherine McMahon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dorothee Mielke
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Davide Nasi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Modena, Italy
| | - Wilco Peul
- University Neurosurgical Centre Holland, Leiden University Medical Centre,l, Leiden-The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Antonia Poca
- Centre de Recerca Matemàtica (CRM), Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angelo Pompucci
- Neurosurgery Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - Jussi P. Posti
- Department of Neurosurgery and Turku Brain Injury Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Bruno Splavski
- Department of Anatomy, University of Applied Health Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Surgery, Service of Neurosurgery, Dubrovnik General Hospital, Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | | | - Anastasia Tasiou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Gianluigi Zona
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Franco Servadei
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
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