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El-Tanani M, Nsairat H, Mishra V, Mishra Y, Aljabali AAA, Serrano-Aroca Á, Tambuwala MM. Ran GTPase and Its Importance in Cellular Signaling and Malignant Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043065. [PMID: 36834476 PMCID: PMC9968026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ran is a member of the Ras superfamily of proteins, which primarily regulates nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and mediates mitosis by regulating spindle formation and nuclear envelope (NE) reassembly. Therefore, Ran is an integral cell fate determinant. It has been demonstrated that aberrant Ran expression in cancer is a result of upstream dysregulation of the expression of various factors, such as osteopontin (OPN), and aberrant activation of various signaling pathways, including the extracellular-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MEK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathways. In vitro, Ran overexpression has severe effects on the cell phenotype, altering proliferation, adhesion, colony density, and invasion. Therefore, Ran overexpression has been identified in numerous types of cancer and has been shown to correlate with tumor grade and the degree of metastasis present in various cancers. The increased malignancy and invasiveness have been attributed to multiple mechanisms. Increased dependence on Ran for spindle formation and mitosis is a consequence of the upregulation of these pathways and the ensuing overexpression of Ran, which increases cellular dependence on Ran for survival. This increases the sensitivity of cells to changes in Ran concentration, with ablation being associated with aneuploidy, cell cycle arrest, and ultimately, cell death. It has also been demonstrated that Ran dysregulation influences nucleocytoplasmic transport, leading to transcription factor misallocation. Consequently, patients with tumors that overexpress Ran have been shown to have a higher malignancy rate and a shorter survival time compared to their counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Tanani
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
- Correspondence:
| | - Hamdi Nsairat
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Yachana Mishra
- Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Alaa A. A. Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
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2
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The role of RNA binding proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 182:114114. [PMID: 35063534 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of overall cancer deaths worldwide with limited therapeutic options. Due to the heterogeneity of HCC pathogenesis, the molecular mechanisms underlying HCC development are not fully understood. Emerging evidence indicates that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a vital role throughout hepatocarcinogenesis. Thus, a deeper understanding of how RBPs contribute to HCC progression will provide new tools for early diagnosis and prognosis of this devastating disease. In this review, we summarize the tumor suppressive and oncogenic roles of RBPs and their roles in hepatocarcinogenesis. The diagnostic and therapeutic potential of RBPs in HCC, including their limitations, are also discussed.
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Elsheikh S, Kouzoukakis I, Fielden C, Li W, Lashin SE, Khair N, Raposo TP, Fadhil W, Rudland P, Aleskandarany M, Patel P, El-Tanani M, Ilyas M. Ran GTPase is an independent prognostic marker in malignant melanoma which promotes tumour cell migration and invasion. J Clin Pathol 2022; 75:24-29. [PMID: 33234696 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Ran GTPase is involved in nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of proteins and is overexpressed in several cancers. The expression of Ran in malignant melanoma (MM) and its functional activity have not been described and were investigated in this study. METHODS The prognostic value of Ran expression was tested in a series of 185 primary cutaneous MM cases using immunohistochemistry. The functional activity of Ran was investigated in the two melanoma cell lines. Ran expression was knocked down using two siRNAs and the effect on the expression of the c-Met oncogene, a potential downstream target of Ran, was tested. Functional effects of Ran knockdown on cell motility and cell proliferation were also assessed. RESULTS Positive Ran expression was seen in 12.4% of MM and was associated with advanced clinical stage and greater Breslow thickness. Positive expression was an independent marker of shorter overall survival (p=0.023). Knockdown of Ran results in decreased expression of c-Met and the downstream c-met signalling targets ERK1/2. There was a significant reduction in cell migration (p<0.001) and cell invasion (p<0.001). c-Met knockdown decreased the expression of Ran through MAPK and PI3K-AKT in A375 cell line, inhibited the cell viability and migration of both A375 and G361 melanoma cell lines while invasion was enhanced. CONCLUSION Ran is a poor prognostic marker in cutaneous MM. It upregulates expression of the oncogene c-Met and, possibly through this, it promotes cell motility which may in turn promote metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaia Elsheikh
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cell, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Cellular Pathology Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Pathology Department, Menoufia University Faculty of Medicine, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Ilias Kouzoukakis
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cell, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Catherine Fielden
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cell, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cell, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Shaimaa Elsaid Lashin
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cell, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Dermatology, Menoufia University Faculty of Medicine, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Nadia Khair
- Histology, Menoufia University Faculty of Medicine, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | | | - Wakkas Fadhil
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cell, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Philip Rudland
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Poulam Patel
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cell, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Mohammad Ilyas
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cell, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Dell’Anno I, Barbarino M, Barone E, Giordano A, Luzzi L, Bottaro M, Migliore L, Agostini S, Melani A, Melaiu O, Catalano C, Cipollini M, Silvestri R, Corrado A, Gemignani F, Landi S. EIF4G1 and RAN as Possible Drivers for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144856. [PMID: 32659970 PMCID: PMC7402288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. In a previous study, we identified 51 putative cancer genes over-expressed in MPM tissues and cell lines. Here, we deepened the study on nine of them (ASS1, EIF4G1, GALNT7, GLUT1, IGF2BP3 (IMP3), ITGA4, RAN, SOD1, and THBS2) to ascertain whether they are truly mesothelial cancer driver genes (CDGs) or genes overexpressed in an adaptive response to the tumoral progression (“passenger genes”). Through a fast siRNA-based screening, we evaluated the consequences of gene depletion on migration, proliferation, colony formation capabilities, and caspase activities of four MPM (Mero-14, Mero-25, IST-Mes2, and NCI-H28) and one SV40-immortalized mesothelial cell line (MeT-5A) as a non-malignant model. The depletion of EIF4G1 and RAN significantly reduced cell proliferation and colony formation and increased caspase activity. In particular, the findings for RAN resemble those observed for other types of cancer. Thus, we evaluated the in vitro effects of importazole (IPZ), a small molecule inhibitor of the interaction between RAN and importin-β. We showed that IPZ could have effects similar to those observed following RAN gene silencing. We also found that primary cell lines from one out of three MPM patients were sensitive to IPZ. As EIF4G1 and RAN deserve further investigation with additional in vitro and in vivo studies, they emerged as promising CDGs, suggesting that their upregulation could play a role in mesothelial tumorigenesis and aggressiveness. Furthermore, present data propose the molecular pathways dependent on RAN as a putative pharmacological target for MPM patients in the view of a future personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Dell’Anno
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (I.D.); (E.B.); (L.M.); (S.A.); (A.M.); (O.M.); (C.C.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (A.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Marcella Barbarino
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.B.); (A.G.); (M.B.)
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Elisa Barone
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (I.D.); (E.B.); (L.M.); (S.A.); (A.M.); (O.M.); (C.C.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (A.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.B.); (A.G.); (M.B.)
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Luca Luzzi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Maria Bottaro
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.B.); (A.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Loredana Migliore
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (I.D.); (E.B.); (L.M.); (S.A.); (A.M.); (O.M.); (C.C.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (A.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Silvia Agostini
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (I.D.); (E.B.); (L.M.); (S.A.); (A.M.); (O.M.); (C.C.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (A.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Alessandra Melani
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (I.D.); (E.B.); (L.M.); (S.A.); (A.M.); (O.M.); (C.C.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (A.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Ombretta Melaiu
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (I.D.); (E.B.); (L.M.); (S.A.); (A.M.); (O.M.); (C.C.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (A.C.); (F.G.)
- Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Calogerina Catalano
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (I.D.); (E.B.); (L.M.); (S.A.); (A.M.); (O.M.); (C.C.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (A.C.); (F.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Monica Cipollini
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (I.D.); (E.B.); (L.M.); (S.A.); (A.M.); (O.M.); (C.C.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (A.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Roberto Silvestri
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (I.D.); (E.B.); (L.M.); (S.A.); (A.M.); (O.M.); (C.C.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (A.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Alda Corrado
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (I.D.); (E.B.); (L.M.); (S.A.); (A.M.); (O.M.); (C.C.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (A.C.); (F.G.)
- Department of Bioscience, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Gemignani
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (I.D.); (E.B.); (L.M.); (S.A.); (A.M.); (O.M.); (C.C.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (A.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Stefano Landi
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (I.D.); (E.B.); (L.M.); (S.A.); (A.M.); (O.M.); (C.C.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (A.C.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Boudhraa Z, Carmona E, Provencher D, Mes-Masson AM. Ran GTPase: A Key Player in Tumor Progression and Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:345. [PMID: 32528950 PMCID: PMC7264121 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ran (Ras-related nuclear protein) GTPase is a member of the Ras superfamily. Like all the GTPases, Ran cycles between an active (GTP-bound) and inactive (GDP-bound) state. However, Ran lacks the CAAX motif at its C-terminus, a feature of other small GTPases that ensures a plasma membrane localization, and largely traffics between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Ran regulates nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of molecules through the nuclear pore complex and controls cell cycle progression through the regulation of microtubule polymerization and mitotic spindle formation. The disruption of Ran expression has been linked to cancer at different levels - from cancer initiation to metastasis. In the present review, we discuss the contribution of Ran in the acquisition of three hallmarks of cancer, namely, proliferative signaling, resistance to apoptosis, and invasion/metastasis, and highlight its prognostic value in cancer patients. In addition, we discuss the use of this GTPase as a therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zied Boudhraa
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institut du Cancer de Montréal (ICM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Euridice Carmona
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institut du Cancer de Montréal (ICM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Diane Provencher
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institut du Cancer de Montréal (ICM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institut du Cancer de Montréal (ICM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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6
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Lee Y, Ahn EH, Ryu CS, Kim JO, An HJ, Cho SH, Kim JH, Kim YR, Lee WS, Kim NK. Association between microRNA machinery gene polymorphisms and recurrent implantation failure. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:3113-3123. [PMID: 32226488 PMCID: PMC7092926 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the potential association of five miRNA machinery gene polymorphisms (DICER1 rs3742330A>G, DROSHA rs10719T>C, RAN rs14035C>T, XPO5 rs11077A>C and DGCR8 rs417309G>A) with recurrent implantation failure (RIF), a clinical condition in which good-quality embryos repeatedly fail to implant following two or more in vitro fertilization cycles, and its associated risk factors in Korean women. Therefore, the present study performed genotype analysis and assessed the frequency of these miRNA gene polymorphisms in patients diagnosed with RIF (n=119) and randomly selected controls (n=210) with at least one live birth and no history of pregnancy loss. The DROSHA rs10719T>C and RAN rs14035C>T polymorphisms were identified to be significantly associated with decreased prevalence of RIF. Additionally, the DROSHA rs10719 TC and the RAN rs14035 CT genotypes were present at significantly lower frequencies in the RIF group than in the control group (adjusted odds ratio=0.550; 95% CI, 0.339-0.893; P=0.016; and adjusted odds ratio=0.590; 95% CI, 0.363-0.958; P=0.033, respectively). Furthermore, the combined RAN rs14035 CT+TT genotype was observed to be associated with decreased RIF prevalence (adjusted odds ratio=0.616; 95% CI, 0.386-0.982; P=0.042). Genotype combination analysis for the various miRNA polymorphisms revealed that the DROSHA TC genotype exhibited a highly significant negative association with RIF prevalence when combined with the RAN CT genotype (adjusted odds ratio=0.314; 95% CI, 0.147-0.673; P=0.003; false discovery rate-adjusted P=0.023). The present study revealed an association between the DROSHA rs10719 and RAN rs14035 3'UTR polymorphisms and decreased risk of RIF in Korean women, which suggests that these gene polymorphisms could represent potential markers for predicting RIF risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul 06135, Republic of Korea.,CHA Fertility Center, Seoul Station, Seoul 04637, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Ahn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul 06135, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Soo Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Oh Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Jeong An
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyang Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13497, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ran Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13497, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sik Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul 06135, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Keun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea
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7
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Wang X, Li D, Sun L, Shen G, Liu H, Guo H, Ge M, Liang J, Chen P, Zhou J, Cao T, Wang Q, Gao X, Tong M, Hu S, Nie Y, Fan D, Wang X, Zhao X, Lu Y. Regulation of the small GTPase Ran by miR-802 modulates proliferation and metastasis in colorectal cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:1695-1706. [PMID: 32210368 PMCID: PMC7250854 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0809-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The small GTPase Ran is upregulated in multiple cancers and fundamental for cancer cell survival and progression, but its significance and molecular mechanisms in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain elusive. Methods Ran expression was detected in CRC cell lines and tumour tissues. In vitro and in vivo functional assays were performed to examine the effects of Ran on cell proliferation and metastasis. The pathways and effectors regulated by Ran were explored by an unbiased screening. Bioinformatics prediction and experimental validation were used to identify the miRNA regulator for Ran. Results Ran expression was frequently increased in metastatic CRC cells and tissues, especially in metastatic tissues. The upregulation of Ran correlated with poor CRC patient prognosis. Ran silencing reduced proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Ran regulated the expression of EGFR and activation of ERK and AKT signalling pathways. miR-802 was identified as an upstream regulator of Ran and miR-802 overexpression resulted in antiproliferative and antimetastatic activities. Conclusion Our study demonstrates the oncogenic roles and underlying mechanisms of Ran in CRC and the novel miR-802/Ran/EGFR regulatory axis may provide potential biomarkers for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038, Xi'an, China
| | - Danxiu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038, Xi'an, China
| | - Lina Sun
- The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710003, Xi'an, China
| | - Gaofei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Minghui Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., 210042, Nanjing, China
| | - Junrong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinchi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoliang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingfu Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Sijun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xiaodi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China. .,National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China.
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8
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Fadaka AO, Pretorius A, Klein A. MicroRNA Assisted Gene Regulation in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4899. [PMID: 31623294 PMCID: PMC6801675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-leading cause of cancer death and a major public health problem. Nearly 80% CRC cases are diagnosed after the disease have metastasized and are often too advanced for treatment. Small non-coding RNA guides argonaute protein to their specific target for regulation as the sole of RNA induced silencing complex for gene silencing. These non-coding RNA for example microRNA, are thought to play a key role in affecting the efficiency of gene regulation in cancer, especially CRC. Understanding the mechanism at the molecular level could lead to improved diagnosis, treatment, and management decisions for CRC. The study aimed to predict the molecular mechanism of gene regulation based microRNA-mRNA duplex as a lead in the silencing mechanism. Five candidate microRNAs were identified through the in silico approach. The MicroRNA target prediction and subsequent correlation, and prioritization were performed using miRTarBase, gbCRC and CoReCG, and DAVID databases respectively. Protein selection and preparation were carried out using PDB and Schrödinger suits. The molecular docking analysis was performed using PATCHDOCK webserver and visualized by discovery studio visualizer. The results of the study reveal that the candidate microRNAs have strong binding affinity towards their targets suggesting a crucial factor in the silencing mechanism. Furthermore, the molecular docking of the receptor to both the microRNA and microRNA-mRNA duplex were analyzed computationally to understand their interaction at the molecular level. Conclusively, the study provides an explanation for understanding the microRNAs-based gene regulation (silencing mechanism) in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale O Fadaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535 Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Ashley Pretorius
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535 Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Ashwil Klein
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535 Cape Town, South Africa.
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Yao L, Zhou Y, Sui Z, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Xie H, Gao H, Fan H, Zhang Y, Liu M, Li S, Tang H. HBV-encoded miR-2 functions as an oncogene by downregulating TRIM35 but upregulating RAN in liver cancer cells. EBioMedicine 2019; 48:117-129. [PMID: 31530503 PMCID: PMC6838411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been well established as a high-risk factor for the carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cellular microRNA (miRNA) is involved in tumorigenesis by accelerating the malignant phenotype in HCC. However, whether HBV can encode miRNAs that contribute to HCC is not entirely clear. METHODS In this study, an miRNA encoded by HBV (HBV-miR-2) was identified by Solexa sequencing in HBV-positive HCC specimens and further verified in serum samples from HCC patients with HBV infection and in HBV-positive HCC cell lines. To evaluate the roles of HBV-miR-2 in liver cancer cells, we determined cell viability and migration/invasion ability by gain-of-function experiment in HBV(-) liver cancer cells (HepG2 and Huh7) and loss-of-function experiments in Huh7 cells stably expressing HBV-miR-2 (Huh7/HBV-miR-2 cells) and HepG2.2.15 cells. Furthermore, to elucidate the mechanism by which HBV-miR-2 work on cell malignancy, we identified and studied the effect of two target genes (TRIM35 and RAN) of HBV-miR-2 in liver cancer cells. FINDINGS We revealed that HBV-miR-2 promoted HCC cell growth ability by suppressing apoptosis and promoting migration and invasion by enhancing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), functioning as an oncogene in the development of HBV-related HCC. Furthermore, we demonstrated that HBV-miR-2 suppresses the expression of TRIM35 but enhances RAN expression by targeting their 3'-untranslated regions (3'UTR) and that the ectopic expression of TRIM35 or knockdown of RAN counteracted the malignant phenotypes induced by HBV-miR-2. INTERPRETATION Our findings indicate that an HBV-encoded miRNA, HBV-miR-2, promotes oncogenic activity by downregulating TRIM35 expression and upregulating RAN expression in liver cancer cells, likely providing insight into tumorigenesis in HBV-related liver cancer. FUND: This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No: 81830094; 91629302; 31270818) and the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (No: 12JCZDJC25100).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yao
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Tianjin Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yadi Zhou
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Tianjin Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhenhua Sui
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Tianjin Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Tianjin Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yankun Liu
- The Cancer Institute, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan 063001, China
| | - Hong Xie
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Tianjin Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Huijie Gao
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Tianjin Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hongxia Fan
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Tianjin Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Tianjin Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Min Liu
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Tianjin Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Shengping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Hua Tang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Tianjin Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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10
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Sharma A, McCarron P, Matchett K, Hawthorne S, El-Tanani M. Anti-Invasive and Anti-Proliferative Effects of shRNA-Loaded Poly(Lactide-Co-Glycolide) Nanoparticles Following RAN Silencing in MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells. Pharm Res 2018; 36:26. [PMID: 30560466 PMCID: PMC6297200 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2555-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Overexpression of the RAN GTP (RAN) gene has been shown to be linked to metastatic activity of MDA-MB231 human breast cancer cells by increasing Ras/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 signalling. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of polymeric nanoparticles to deliver two novel shRNA sequences, targeted against the RAN gene, to MDA-MB231 cells grown in culture and to assess their effects in a range of biological assays. Methods Biodegradable PLGA nanoparticles, loaded with shRNA-1 and shRNA-4, were fabricated using a double emulsion solvent evaporation technique and characterised for size, zeta potential and polydispersity index before testing on the MDA-MB231 cell line in a range of assays including cell viability, migration, invasion and gene knock down. Results shRNA-loaded nanoparticles were successfully fabricated and delivered to MDA-MB231 cells in culture, where they effectively released their payload, causing a decrease in both cell invasion and cell migration by knocking down RAN gene expression. Conclusion Results indicate the anti-RAN shRNA-loaded nanoparticles deliver and release biological payload to MDA-MB231 cells in culture. This works paves the way for further investigations into the possible use of anti-RAN shRNA-loaded NP formulations for the treatment of breast cancer in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sharma
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Paul McCarron
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Kyle Matchett
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Health Sciences Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Susan Hawthorne
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, ICT building, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, England, BD7 1DP, UK
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11
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Chen Z, Long L, Wang K, Cui F, Zhu L, Tao Y, Wu Q, Xiang M, Liang Y, Qiu S, Xiao Z, Yi B. Identification of nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis-related biomarkers by iTRAQ combined with 2D-LC-MS/MS. Oncotarget 2017; 7:34022-37. [PMID: 27145374 PMCID: PMC5085135 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify metastasis-related proteins in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), iTRAQ-tagging combined with 2D LC-MS/MS analysis was performed to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in high metastatic NPC 5-8F cells and non-metastatic NPC 6-10B cells, and qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to confirm DEPs. As a result, 101 DEPs were identified by proteomics, and 12 DEPs were selectively validated. We further detected expression of three DEPs (RAN, SQSTM1 and TRIM29) in a cohort of NPC tissue specimens to assess their value as NPC metastatic biomarkers, and found that combination of RAN, SQSTM1 and TRIM29 could discriminate metastatic NPC from non-metastatic NPC with a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 91%. TRIM29 and RAN expression level were closely correlated with lymph node and distant metastasis and clinical stage (P <0.05) in NPC patients. Finally, a combination of loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches was performed to determine the effects of TRIM29 on NPC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis. The results showed that TRIM29 knockdown significantly attenuated while TRIM29 overexpression promoted NPC cell in vitro proliferation, migration and invasion and in vivo metastasis. The present data first time show that SQSTM1, RAN and TRIM29 are novel potential biomarkers for predicting NPC metastasis, demonstrate that TRIM29 is a metastasis-promoted protein of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lu Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Facai Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lepan Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ya Tao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Manlin Xiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yunlai Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shiyang Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xiao
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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12
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Knyphausen P, Kuhlmann N, de Boor S, Lammers M. Lysine-acetylation as a fundamental regulator of Ran function: Implications for signaling of proteins of the Ras-superfamily. Small GTPases 2015; 6:189-95. [PMID: 26507377 PMCID: PMC4905271 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2015.1103399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTP-binding protein Ran is involved in the regulation of essential cellular processes in interphase but also in mitotic cells: Ran controls the nucleocytoplasmic transport of proteins and RNA, it regulates mitotic spindle formation and nuclear envelope assembly. Deregulations in Ran dependent processes were implicated in the development of severe diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. To understand how Ran-function is regulated is therefore of highest importance. Recently, several lysine-acetylation sites in Ran were identified by quantitative mass-spectrometry, some being located in highly important regions such as the P-loop, switch I, switch II and the G5/SAK motif. We recently reported that lysine-acetylation regulates nearly all aspects of Ran-function such as RCC1 catalyzed nucleotide exchange, intrinsic nucleotide hydrolysis, its interaction with NTF2 and the formation of import- and export-complexes. As a hint for its biological importance, we identified Ran-specific lysine-deacetylases (KDACs) and -acetyltransferases (KATs). Also for other small GTPases such as Ras, Rho, Cdc42, and for many effectors and regulators thereof, lysine-acetylation sites were discovered. However, the functional impact of lysine-acetylation as a regulator of protein function has only been marginally investigated so far. We will discuss recent findings of lysine-acetylation as a novel modification to regulate Ras-protein signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Knyphausen
- a Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD ); University of Cologne ; Cologne , Germany
| | - Nora Kuhlmann
- a Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD ); University of Cologne ; Cologne , Germany
| | - Susanne de Boor
- a Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD ); University of Cologne ; Cologne , Germany
| | - Michael Lammers
- a Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD ); University of Cologne ; Cologne , Germany
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Dickmanns A, Monecke T, Ficner R. Structural Basis of Targeting the Exportin CRM1 in Cancer. Cells 2015; 4:538-68. [PMID: 26402707 PMCID: PMC4588050 DOI: 10.3390/cells4030538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the interference of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking with the establishment and maintenance of various cancers. Nucleocytoplasmic transport is highly regulated and coordinated, involving different nuclear transport factors or receptors, importins and exportins, that mediate cargo transport from the cytoplasm into the nucleus or the other way round, respectively. The exportin CRM1 (Chromosome region maintenance 1) exports a plethora of different protein cargoes and ribonucleoprotein complexes. Structural and biochemical analyses have enabled the deduction of individual steps of the CRM1 transport cycle. In addition, CRM1 turned out to be a valid target for anticancer drugs as it exports numerous proto-oncoproteins and tumor suppressors. Clearly, detailed understanding of the flexibility, regulatory features and cooperative binding properties of CRM1 for Ran and cargo is a prerequisite for the design of highly effective drugs. The first compound found to inhibit CRM1-dependent nuclear export was the natural drug Leptomycin B (LMB), which blocks export by competitively interacting with a highly conserved cleft on CRM1 required for nuclear export signal recognition. Clinical studies revealed serious side effects of LMB, leading to a search for alternative natural and synthetic drugs and hence a multitude of novel therapeutics. The present review examines recent progress in understanding the binding mode of natural and synthetic compounds and their inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Dickmanns
- Abteilung für Molekulare Strukturbiologie, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, GZMB, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
| | - Thomas Monecke
- Abteilung für Molekulare Strukturbiologie, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, GZMB, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
| | - Ralf Ficner
- Abteilung für Molekulare Strukturbiologie, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, GZMB, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
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14
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Cho SH, Ko JJ, Kim JO, Jeon YJ, Yoo JK, Oh J, Oh D, Kim JW, Kim NK. 3'-UTR Polymorphisms in the MiRNA Machinery Genes DROSHA, DICER1, RAN, and XPO5 Are Associated with Colorectal Cancer Risk in a Korean Population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131125. [PMID: 26147304 PMCID: PMC4492935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs play an important role in cancer initiation and development. The aim of this study was to investigate whether polymorphisms in miRNA machinery genes are associated with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). RAN rs14035 CT heterozygotes and T allele carriers (CT + TT) genotypes had lower risk of CRC, while the DICER1 rs3742330, DROSHA rs10719, and XPO5 rs11077 polymorphisms were not associated with CRC in the full study sample. Specifically, male RAN rs14035 CT heterozygotes and XPO5 rs11077 AA genotype (CT/AA) carriers experienced reduced CRC susceptibility (both colon and rectal). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the combined RAN rs14035 CT + TT genotype was associated with rectal cancer, but not colon cancer. In addition, the DICER1 rs3742330 AG genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of colon cancer. Stratified analysis revealed the RAN rs14035 combined CT+TT genotype was associated with decreased CRC risk in male patients without diabetes mellitus (DM) and in patients with rectal cancer. In addition, we found the RAN rs14035 CC genotype was related to a decreased risk of CRC with respect to tumor size and metabolism of homocysteine and folate. Furthermore, patients diagnosed with hypertension or DM who carried the DROSHA rs10719 CC genotype showed increased CRC risk, while the XPO5 rs11077 AC+CC genotype led to increased CRC risk in patients with hypertension only. Our results indicate variations in RAN rs14035, DICER1 rs3742330, XPO5 rs11077, and DROSHA rs10719 of Korean patients are significantly associated with their risk of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hwan Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
- Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jung Jae Ko
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jung Oh Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
- Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Young Joo Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
- Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jung Ki Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jisu Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Doyeun Oh
- Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jong Woo Kim
- Department of Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
- * E-mail: (NKK); (JWK)
| | - Nam Keun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
- Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
- * E-mail: (NKK); (JWK)
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Kodiha M, Wang YM, Hutter E, Maysinger D, Stochaj U. Off to the organelles - killing cancer cells with targeted gold nanoparticles. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:357-70. [PMID: 25699096 PMCID: PMC4329500 DOI: 10.7150/thno.10657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are excellent tools for cancer cell imaging and basic research. However, they have yet to reach their full potential in the clinic. At present, we are only beginning to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie the biological effects of AuNPs, including the structural and functional changes of cancer cells. This knowledge is critical for two aspects of nanomedicine. First, it will define the AuNP-induced events at the subcellular and molecular level, thereby possibly identifying new targets for cancer treatment. Second, it could provide new strategies to improve AuNP-dependent cancer diagnosis and treatment. Our review summarizes the impact of AuNPs on selected subcellular organelles that are relevant to cancer therapy. We focus on the nucleus, its subcompartments, and mitochondria, because they are intimately linked to cancer cell survival, growth, proliferation and death. While non-targeted AuNPs can damage tumor cells, concentrating AuNPs in particular subcellular locations will likely improve tumor cell killing. Thus, it will increase cancer cell damage by photothermal ablation, mechanical injury or localized drug delivery. This concept is promising, but AuNPs have to overcome multiple hurdles to perform these tasks. AuNP size, morphology and surface modification are critical parameters for their delivery to organelles. Recent strategies explored all of these variables, and surface functionalization has become crucial to concentrate AuNPs in subcellular compartments. Here, we highlight the use of AuNPs to damage cancer cells and their organelles. We discuss current limitations of AuNP-based cancer research and conclude with future directions for AuNP-dependent cancer treatment.
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Deng L, Shang Y, Guo S, Liu C, Zhou L, Sun Y, Nie Y, Fan D, Lu Y, Guo X. Ran GTPase protein promotes metastasis and invasion in pancreatic cancer by deregulating the expression of AR and CXCR4. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:1087-93. [PMID: 24840182 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.29217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ran, a member of the RasGTPase family, has been showed to function in diverse cellular processes of cancer. In the present study, we examined the effects of Ran on the cell motility in pancreatic cancer cells and explored the possible mechanism of Ran's function in the metastasis of pancreatic cancer. We demonstrated that the expression of Ran was remarkably higher in lymph lode metastases than in primary pancreatic cancer tissues. In the functional studies, stable knockdown of Ran by shRNA could efficiently inhibit the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. By PCR array, we analyzed the differences in the expression levels of metastasis-associated genes before and after the downregulation of Ran, and it was showed that the regulation of pancreatic cancer metastasis by Ran was partially mediated by AR and CXCR4. We further confirmed that AR and CXCR4 were significantly decreased following knockdown of Ran. These data indicated that Ran could regulate the invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells through AR and CXCR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Department of Oncology; Tangdu Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yulong Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shikong Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Orthopedics Oncology Institute of Chinese PLA; Tangdu Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Changhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xuegang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
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Cáceres-Gorriti KY, Carmona E, Barrès V, Rahimi K, Létourneau IJ, Tonin PN, Provencher D, Mes-Masson AM. RAN nucleo-cytoplasmic transport and mitotic spindle assembly partners XPO7 and TPX2 are new prognostic biomarkers in serous epithelial ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91000. [PMID: 24625450 PMCID: PMC3953127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Epithelial ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate of all gynecological malignancies. We have shown that high RAN expression strongly correlates with high-grade and poor patient survival in epithelial ovarian cancer. However, as RAN is a small GTPase involved in two main biological functions, nucleo-cytoplasmic transport and mitosis, it is still unknown which of these functions associate with poor prognosis. Methods To examine the biomarker value of RAN network components in serous epithelial ovarian cancer, protein expression of six specific RAN partners was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray representing 143 patients associated with clinical parameters. The RAN GDP/GTP cycle was evaluated by the expression of RANBP1 and RCC1, the mitotic function by TPX2 and IMPβ, and the nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking function by XPO7, XPOT and IMPβ. Results Based on Kaplan-Meier analyses, RAN, cytoplasmic XPO7 and TPX2 were significantly associated with poor overall patient survival, and RAN and TPX2 were associated with lower disease free survival in patients with high-grade serous carcinoma. Cox regression analysis revealed that RAN and TPX2 expression were independent prognostic factors for both overall and disease free survival, and that cytoplasmic XPO7 expression was a prognostic factor for overall patient survival. Conclusions In this systematic study, we show that RAN and two protein partners involved in its nucleo-cytoplasmic and mitotic functions (XPO7 and TPX2, respectively) can be used as biomarkers to stratify patients based on prognosis. In particular, we reported for the first time the clinical relevance of the exportin XPO7 and showed that TPX2 expression had the strongest prognostic value. These findings suggest that protein partners in each of RAN’s functions can discriminate between different outcomes in high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Furthermore, these proteins point to cellular processes that may ultimately be targeted to improve the survival in serous epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Y. Cáceres-Gorriti
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Euridice Carmona
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Véronique Barrès
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kurosh Rahimi
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Isabelle J. Létourneau
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Patricia N. Tonin
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Diane Provencher
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Obstetric-Gynecology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Lu Y, Zhao X, Li K, Luo G, Nie Y, Shi Y, Zhou Y, Ren G, Feng B, Liu Z, Pan Y, Li T, Guo X, Wu K, Miranda-Vizuete A, Wang X, Fan D. Thioredoxin-like protein 2 is overexpressed in colon cancer and promotes cancer cell metastasis by interaction with ran. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:899-911. [PMID: 23311631 PMCID: PMC3763228 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our previous work identified thioredoxin-like protein 2 (Txl-2) as the target of the monoclonal antibody MC3 associated with colon cancer, but its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Txl-2, a novel thioredoxin (Trx) and nucleoside diphosphate kinase family member, is alternatively spliced and gives rise to three different Txl-2 isoforms. In this study, Txl-2 expression in colon cancer, differential functions for Txl-2 isoforms in cell invasion and metastasis, and the downstream signaling were investigated. RESULTS Txl-2 expression was elevated in colon cancer tissues compared to normal colonic tissues, with a high correlation between the histological grade and prognosis. Knockdown of Txl-2 expression significantly inhibited cancer cell motility, and the invasive and metastatic abilities of colon cancer cells. Interestingly, Txl-2 isoforms showed differential effects on cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Cell invasion and metastasis were significantly promoted by Txl-2b but inhibited by Txl-2c, while no obvious effect was observed for Txl-2a. Furthermore, a direct interaction was identified between Txl-2b and Ran, a Ras-related protein, by yeast two-hybrid assay and coimmunoprecipitation. PI3K pathway was found to be a major pathway mediating Txl-2b induced tumor invasion and metastasis. INNOVATION The current study provides a novel biomarker and target molecule for the diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer and provides a novel paradigm to understand how alternative splicing functions in human cancer. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate an elevated Txl-2 expression in colon cancer and that Txl-2b promotes cell invasion and metastasis through interaction with Ran and PI3K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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