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Flach S, Maniam P, Hey SY, Manickavasagam J. The molecular characteristics of recurrent/metastatic HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review of the literature. Clin Otolaryngol 2024; 49:384-403. [PMID: 38658385 DOI: 10.1111/coa.14161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES About 17% of patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which is mainly comprised of oropharyngeal SCC (OPSCC), will experience disease recurrence, which is often considered incurable when manifested at a metastatic and/or recurrent stage. We conducted a critical qualitative systematic review. Our objectives were to provide an overview of the molecular landscape of recurrent/metastatic HPV-positive HNSCC as well as novel molecular biomarkers. DESIGN A literature review was conducted to identify studies reporting on the molecular characteristics of recurrent/metastatic HPV-positive HNSCC, novel molecular biomarkers and treatment options. The reviews of abstracts, full articles, and revision of the included studies, followed by data extraction and quality assessment were performed by three independent assessors. All primary literature, such as retrospective, prospective, and clinical trials as well as basic research studies were considered, and the final search was conducted at the end of February 2023. The level of evidence was rated using the guidelines published by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine and quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The literature search resulted in the identification of 1991 articles. A total of 181 full articles were screened, and 66 articles were included in this analysis. Several studies reported that recurrent/metastatic HPV-positive HNSCC had higher rates of TP53 mutation and were genomically similar to HPV-negative HNSCC. The detection of circulating tumour tissue-modified HPV DNA (ctHPVDNA) as a specific biomarker has shown promising results for monitoring treatment response and recurrence in the subset of HPV-positive HNSCC. In addition, evidence for targeted therapy in recurrent/metastatic HPV-positive HNSCC has emerged, including agents that inhibit overexpressed EGFR. Studies of combination immunotherapy are also underway. Our review outlines the latest evidence on the distinct molecular profiles of recurrent/metastatic HPV-positive HNSCC as well as the clinical potential of ctHPVDNA testing in routine practice. More controlled and longitudinal studies are needed to identify additional molecular targets and to assess the performance and benefits of novel molecular biomarkers in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Flach
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, LMU Klinikum, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Pavithran Maniam
- Department of Otolaryngology, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Shi Ying Hey
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jaiganesh Manickavasagam
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery and Tayside Medical Sciences Centre, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
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2
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Eberly HW, Sciscent BY, Lorenz FJ, Rettig EM, Goyal N. Current and Emerging Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Predictive Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer. Biomedicines 2024; 12:415. [PMID: 38398017 PMCID: PMC10886579 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNC) are a biologically diverse set of cancers that are responsible for over 660,000 new diagnoses each year. Current therapies for HNC require a comprehensive, multimodal approach encompassing resection, radiation therapy, and systemic therapy. With an increased understanding of the mechanisms behind HNC, there has been growing interest in more accurate prognostic indicators of disease, effective post-treatment surveillance, and individualized treatments. This chapter will highlight the commonly used and studied biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hänel W. Eberly
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (H.W.E.); (F.J.L.)
| | - Bao Y. Sciscent
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (H.W.E.); (F.J.L.)
| | - F. Jeffrey Lorenz
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (H.W.E.); (F.J.L.)
| | - Eleni M. Rettig
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02108, USA
| | - Neerav Goyal
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (H.W.E.); (F.J.L.)
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3
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Vidotto T, Melo CM, Lautert-Dutra W, Chaves LP, Reis RB, Squire JA. Pan-cancer genomic analysis shows hemizygous PTEN loss tumors are associated with immune evasion and poor outcome. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5049. [PMID: 36977733 PMCID: PMC10050165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31759-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In tumors, somatic mutations of the PTEN suppressor gene are associated with advanced disease, chemotherapy resistance, and poor survival. PTEN loss of function may occur by inactivating mutation, by deletion, either affecting one copy (hemizygous loss) leading to reduced gene expression or loss of both copies (homozygous) with expression absent. Various murine models have shown that minor reductions in PTEN protein levels strongly influence tumorigenesis. Most PTEN biomarker assays dichotomize PTEN (i.e. presence vs. absence) ignoring the role of one copy loss. We performed a PTEN copy number analysis of 9793 TCGA cases from 30 different tumor types. There were 419 (4.28%) homozygous and 2484 (25.37%) hemizygous PTEN losses. Hemizygous deletions led to reduced PTEN gene expression, accompanied by increased levels of instability and aneuploidy across tumor genomes. Outcome analysis of the pan-cancer cohort showed that losing one copy of PTEN reduced survival to comparable levels as complete loss, and was associated with transcriptomic changes controlling immune response and the tumor microenvironment. Immune cell abundances were significantly altered for PTEN loss, with changes in head and neck, cervix, stomach, prostate, brain, and colon more evident in hemizygous loss tumors. These data suggest that reduced expression of PTEN in tumors with hemizygous loss leads to tumor progression and influences anticancer immune response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vidotto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C M Melo
- Department of Genetics, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - W Lautert-Dutra
- Department of Genetics, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - L P Chaves
- Department of Genetics, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - R B Reis
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - J A Squire
- Department of Genetics, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
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4
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Li Q, Li Z, Luo T, Shi H. Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAF/MEK/ERK pathways for cancer therapy. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:47. [PMID: 36539659 PMCID: PMC9768098 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAF/MEK/ERK pathways are commonly activated by mutations and chromosomal translocation in vital targets. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is dysregulated in nearly all kinds of neoplasms, with the component in this pathway alternations. RAF/MEK/ERK signaling cascades are used to conduct signaling from the cell surface to the nucleus to mediate gene expression, cell cycle processes and apoptosis. RAS, B-Raf, PI3K, and PTEN are frequent upstream alternative sites. These mutations resulted in activated cell growth and downregulated cell apoptosis. The two pathways interact with each other to participate in tumorigenesis. PTEN alterations suppress RAF/MEK/ERK pathway activity via AKT phosphorylation and RAS inhibition. Several inhibitors targeting major components of these two pathways have been supported by the FDA. Dozens of agents in these two pathways have attracted great attention and have been assessed in clinical trials. The combination of small molecular inhibitors with traditional regimens has also been explored. Furthermore, dual inhibitors provide new insight into antitumor activity. This review will further comprehensively describe the genetic alterations in normal patients and tumor patients and discuss the role of targeted inhibitors in malignant neoplasm therapy. We hope this review will promote a comprehensive understanding of the role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathways in facilitating tumors and will help direct drug selection for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Oncology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ting Luo
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Breast, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Huashan Shi
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, P. R. China
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5
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Affolter A, Kern J, Bieback K, Scherl C, Rotter N, Lammert A. Biomarkers and 3D models predicting response to immune checkpoint blockade in head and neck cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2022; 61:88. [PMID: 35642667 PMCID: PMC9183766 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has evolved into a powerful tool in the fight against a number of types of cancer, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Although checkpoint inhibition (CPI) has definitely enriched the treatment options for advanced stage HNSCC during the past decade, the percentage of patients responding to treatment is widely varying between 14-32% in second-line setting in recurrent or metastatic HNSCC with a sporadic durability. Clinical response and, consecutively, treatment success remain unpredictable in most of the cases. One potential factor is the expression of target molecules of the tumor allowing cancer cells to acquire therapy resistance mechanisms. Accordingly, analyzing and modeling the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is key to i) stratify subgroups of patients most likely to respond to CPI and ii) to define new combinatorial treatment regimens. Particularly in a heterogeneous disease such as HNSCC, thoroughly studying the interactions and crosstalking between tumor and TME cells is one of the biggest challenges. Sophisticated 3D models are therefore urgently needed to be able to validate such basic science hypotheses and to test novel immuno-oncologic treatment regimens in consideration of the individual biology of each tumor. The present review will first summarize recent findings on immunotherapy, predictive biomarkers, the role of the TME and signaling cascades eliciting during CPI. Second, it will highlight the significance of current promising approaches to establish HNSCC 3D models for new immunotherapies. The results are encouraging and indicate that data obtained from patient-specific tumors in a dish might be finally translated into personalized immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Affolter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johann Kern
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden‑Württemberg‑Hessen, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Claudia Scherl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nicole Rotter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Lammert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
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6
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Eide JG, Welch KC, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Tong CCL. Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Contemporary Management and Patient Outcomes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092195. [PMID: 35565324 PMCID: PMC9102473 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Inverted papillomas are benign sinonasal tumors that can recur or become cancerous. The mainstay of treatment is surgical resection. We summarize the biology of inverted papillomas and review surgical outcomes in an effort to define the current treatment strategy. Abstract Inverted papillomas (IP) are the most common sinonasal tumor with a tendency for recurrence, potential attachment to the orbit and skull base, and risk of malignant degeneration into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). While the overall rate of recurrence has decreased with the widespread adoption of high-definition endoscopic optics and advanced surgical tools, there remain challenges in managing tumors that are multiply recurrent or involve vital neurovascular structures. Here, we review the state-of-the-art diagnostic tools for IP and IP-degenerated SCC, contemporary surgical management, and propose a surveillance protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob G. Eide
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.G.E.); (N.D.A.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Kevin C. Welch
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Nithin D. Adappa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.G.E.); (N.D.A.); (J.N.P.)
| | - James N. Palmer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.G.E.); (N.D.A.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Charles C. L. Tong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.G.E.); (N.D.A.); (J.N.P.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Yu L, Wei J, Liu P. Attacking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway for targeted therapeutic treatment in human cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 85:69-94. [PMID: 34175443 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of human death globally. PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling is one of the most frequently dysregulated signaling pathways observed in cancer patients that plays crucial roles in promoting tumor initiation, progression and therapy responses. This is largely due to that PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling is indispensable for many cellular biological processes, including cell growth, metastasis, survival, metabolism, and others. As such, small molecule inhibitors targeting major kinase components of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway have drawn extensive attention and been developed and evaluated in preclinical models and clinical trials. Targeting a single kinase component within this signaling usually causes growth arrest rather than apoptosis associated with toxicity-induced adverse effects in patients. Combination therapies including PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors show improved patient response and clinical outcome, albeit developed resistance has been reported. In this review, we focus on revealing the mechanisms leading to the hyperactivation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in cancer and summarizing efforts for developing PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors as either mono-therapy or combination therapy in different cancer settings. We hope that this review will facilitate further understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing dysregulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR oncogenic signaling in cancer and provide insights into possible future directions for targeted therapeutic regimen for cancer treatment, by developing new agents, drug delivery systems, or combination regimen to target the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. This information will also provide effective patient stratification strategy to improve the patient response and clinical outcome for cancer patients with deregulated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Pengda Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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8
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de Kort WWB, Spelier S, Devriese LA, van Es RJJ, Willems SM. Predictive Value of EGFR-PI3K-AKT-mTOR-Pathway Inhibitor Biomarkers for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 25:123-136. [PMID: 33686517 PMCID: PMC7956931 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-021-00518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding molecular pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) has considerably improved in the last decades. As a result, novel therapeutic strategies have evolved, amongst which are epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapies. With the exception of cetuximab, targeted therapies for HNSCC have not yet been introduced into clinical practice. One important aspect of new treatment regimes in clinical practice is presence of robust biomarkers predictive for therapy response. METHODS We performed a systematic search in PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane library. Articles were included if they investigated a biomarker for targeted therapy in the EGFR-PI3K-AKT-mTOR-pathway. RESULTS Of 83 included articles, 52 were preclinical and 33 were clinical studies (two studies contained both a preclinical and a clinical part). We classified EGFR pathway inhibitor types and investigated the type of biomarker (biomarker on epigenetic, DNA, mRNA or protein level). CONCLUSION Several EGFR-PI3K-AKT-mTOR-pathway inhibitor biomarkers have been researched for HNSCC but few of the investigated biomarkers have been adequately confirmed in clinical trials. A more systematic approach is needed to discover proper biomarkers as stratifying patients is essential to prevent unnecessary costs and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. W. B. de Kort
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 885500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S. Spelier
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 885500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L. A. Devriese
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 885500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R. J. J. van Es
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 885500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Utrecht Cancer Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 885500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S. M. Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 885500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Starzyńska A, Sejda A, Adamska P, Marvaso G, Sakowicz-Burkiewicz M, Adamski Ł, Jereczek-Fossa BA. Prognostic value of the PIK3CA, AKT, and PTEN mutations in oral squamous cell carcinoma: literature review. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:207-217. [PMID: 33488873 PMCID: PMC7811327 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.100780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 260,000 (2013) new oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cases are reported annually worldwide. Despite development in OSCC management, the outcome is still unsatisfactory. Identification of new molecular markers may be of use in prevention, prognosis, and choice of an appropriate therapy. The intracellular molecular signalling pathway of phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase is involved in the process of cell growth, differentiation, migration, and survival. The main components of this pathway: PIK3CA (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate-3-kinase catalytic subunit α), PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10), and AKT (serine-threonine kinase) are potential objects of research when introducing new therapeutic agents. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the PIK3CA, PTEN, and AKT gene mutations as prognostic factors in OSCC and to describe their role in aggressive disease progression. This is crucial for oral cancer biology understanding and for indicating which direction new clinical treatments should take.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Starzyńska
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Sejda
- Department of Pathomorphology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Paulina Adamska
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Giulia Marvaso
- Department of Radiotherapy, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Łukasz Adamski
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Barbara A. Jereczek-Fossa
- Department of Radiotherapy, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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10
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Turk AT, Garcia-Carracedo D, Kent DT, Philipone E, Garcia-Pedrero JM, Caruana SM, Close LG, Su GH. Stathmin as a surrogate marker of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathway activity: Towards precision medicine in HPV-negative head & neck squamous cell carcinoma. Genes Dis 2020; 9:820-825. [PMID: 35782981 PMCID: PMC9243320 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to assess Stathmin as an immunohistochemical (IHC) indicator of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway activity in HPV-negative head & neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), we compared Stathmin IHC to expression of other pathway components. We also evaluated the relationship between Stathmin IHC and the mutational status of four key pathway genes. Finally, we ascertained whether Stathmin IHC correlates with tumor grade or primary site. Correlation exists between high Stathmin expression and high pAKT1 expression, indicating a role for Stathmin IHC as a marker of pathway activity. Our analysis did not show correlation between Stathmin IHC and mutation of the four genes evaluated. We also observed an association between high Stathmin expression and oropharyngeal primary site. Our results suggest utility of Stathmin IHC as an indicator of PI3K pathway activity, and thereby demonstrate potential relevance of Stathmin IHC in the context of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Turk
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, and Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | | | - David T. Kent
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Elizabeth Philipone
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, and Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Juana Maria Garcia-Pedrero
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología Del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | | | - Lanny G. Close
- Department of Otolaryngology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gloria H. Su
- Department of Otolaryngology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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11
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Le Louedec F, Alix-Panabières C, Lafont T, Allal BC, Garrel R, Digue L, Guigay J, Cupissol D, Delord JP, Lallemant B, Alfonsi M, Aubry K, Mazel M, Becher F, Perriard F, Chatelut E, Thomas F. Cetuximab pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics relationships in advanced head and neck carcinoma patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:1357-1366. [PMID: 30811063 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cetuximab associated with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil is used to treat patients with inoperable or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) up until disease progression or unacceptable toxicities. To date, no biomarkers of efficacy are available to select patients who will benefit from treatment. METHODS An ancillary pharmacokinetics (PK) exploration was performed in the context of a prospective study investigating circulating-tumour cells vs progression-free survival (PFS). Cetuximab plasma concentrations were analysed according to a population PK model. Individual exposure parameters were confronted with soluble epidermal growth factor receptor (sEGFR) concentrations, tumour response and PFS. RESULTS PK data (28 patients, 203 observations) were best described by a two-compartment model with linear elimination. Performance status (PS) significantly correlated to both cetuximab clearance and central volume of distribution with both parameters increasing by 33.3% (95% CI 1-65.6) for each 1-point increase of PS compared to PS = 0. Univariate analysis showed that patients with higher trough cetuximab concentrations at Day 7 (Cmin,D7 ) had better tumour response (P = 0.03) and longer PFS (P = 0.035). However, multivariate analysis revealed that only PS and tumour size at baseline remained significantly associated with PFS. Levels of sEGFR increased during cetuximab treatment but were not associated with PFS in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our study prospectively indicates that PS is likely a confounding factor in the relationship between cetuximab PK and PFS, patients with a poor PS having lower cetuximab plasma exposure and lower PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félicien Le Louedec
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France.,CRCT, University of Toulouse, Inserm, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells, University Medical Centre of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Lafont
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France.,CRCT, University of Toulouse, Inserm, Toulouse, France
| | - Ben C Allal
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France.,CRCT, University of Toulouse, Inserm, Toulouse, France
| | - Renaud Garrel
- Department of Head Neck Cancer and Laryngology, University Medical Centre of Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Digue
- Medical Oncology Department, CHU Saint André, Bordeaux, France
| | - Joël Guigay
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Nice, France
| | - Didier Cupissol
- Medical Oncology Department, Institute of Cancer of Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Delord
- CRCT, University of Toulouse, Inserm, Toulouse, France.,Medical Oncology Department, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Benjamin Lallemant
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Center of Nîmes, France
| | - Marc Alfonsi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinique Sainte Catherine, Avignon, France
| | - Karine Aubry
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, Hôpital Dupuytren CHU, Limoges, France
| | - Martine Mazel
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells, University Medical Centre of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - François Becher
- Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse, Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Françoise Perriard
- Department of Biostatistics, UPRES EA2415, Clinical Research University Institute, Montpellier, France
| | - Etienne Chatelut
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France.,CRCT, University of Toulouse, Inserm, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabienne Thomas
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France.,CRCT, University of Toulouse, Inserm, Toulouse, France
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12
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The roles of PTEN, cMET, and p16 in resistance to cetuximab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Med Oncol 2018; 36:8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-018-1234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Clinical Significance of PTEN Deletion, Mutation, and Loss of PTEN Expression in De Novo Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Neoplasia 2018; 20:574-593. [PMID: 29734016 PMCID: PMC5994742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PTEN loss has been associated with poorer prognosis in many solid tumors. However, such investigation in lymphomas is limited. In this study, PTEN cytoplasmic and nuclear expression, PTEN gene deletion, and PTEN mutations were evaluated in two independent cohorts of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Cytoplasmic PTEN expression was found in approximately 67% of total 747 DLBCL cases, more frequently in the activated B-cell–like subtype. Nuclear PTEN expression was less frequent and at lower levels, which significantly correlated with higher PTEN mRNA expression. Remarkably, loss of PTEN protein expression was associated with poorer survival only in DLBCL with AKT hyperactivation. In contrast, high PTEN expression was associated with Myc expression and poorer survival in cases without abnormal AKT activation. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms for loss of PTEN expression were investigated. PTEN deletions (mostly heterozygous) were detected in 11.3% of DLBCL, and showed opposite prognostic effects in patients with AKT hyperactivation and in MYC rearranged DLBCL patients. PTEN mutations, detected in 10.6% of patients, were associated with upregulation of genes involved in central nervous system function, metabolism, and AKT/mTOR signaling regulation. Loss of PTEN cytoplasmic expression was also associated with TP53 mutations, higher PTEN-targeting microRNA expression, and lower PD-L1 expression. Remarkably, low PTEN mRNA expression was associated with down-regulation of a group of genes involved in immune responses and B-cell development/differentiation, and poorer survival in DLBCL independent of AKT activation. Collectively, multi-levels of PTEN abnormalities and dysregulation may play important roles in PTEN expression and loss, and that loss of PTEN tumor-suppressor function contributes to the poor survival of DLBCL patients with AKT hyperactivation.
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14
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Kemmer JD, Johnson DE, Grandis JR. Leveraging Genomics for Head and Neck Cancer Treatment. J Dent Res 2018; 97:603-613. [PMID: 29420101 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518756352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomic landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been recently elucidated. Key epigenetic and genetic characteristics of this cancer have been reported and substantiated in multiple data sets, including those distinctive to the growing subset of human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated tumors. This increased understanding of the molecular underpinnings of HNSCC has not resulted in new approaches to treatment. Three Food and Drug Administration-approved molecular targeting agents are currently available to treat recurrent/metastatic disease, but these have exhibited efficacy only in subsets of HNSCC patients, and thus surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation remain as standard approaches. The lack of predictive biomarkers to any therapy represents an obstacle to achieving the promise of precision medicine. This review aims to familiarize the reader with current insights into the HNSCC genomic landscape, discuss the currently approved and promising molecular targeting agents under exploration in laboratories and clinics, and consider precision medicine approaches to HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Kemmer
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D E Johnson
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J R Grandis
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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15
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Kakizaki T, Hatakeyama H, Nakamaru Y, Takagi D, Mizumachi T, Sakashita T, Kano S, Homma A, Fukuda S. Role of microRNA-296-3p in the malignant transformation of sinonasal inverted papilloma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:987-992. [PMID: 28693263 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inverted papilloma (IP) is a benign tumor occurring in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. It is reported that 5-15% of IPs undergo malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and the role of microRNAs (miRNA/miR) in this process remains to be elucidated. In the present study, whole miRNA profiles using samples of IP and SCC were investigated, in order to detect the function of miRNA in the carcinogenesis of IP. Samples from IPs (n=5) and SCC lesions (n=5), which arose from IPs, were used for miRNA analysis. A total of 200 miRNAs exhibited a >2-fold differential expression between IP and SCC. miR-296-3p was markedly upregulated in SCC with a 23-fold difference. Computational analysis indicated that miR-296-3p targeted PTEN, which regulates the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway and PTEN is involved in the carcinogenesis of SCC. miR-296-3p directly regulated PTEN expression in head and neck cancer cells, with PTEN protein levels decreased in 4/19 the SCCs (21.0%), as compared with those in the IPs (76.4%). Positive p21 staining was observed in 64.7% of IPs; this was a significantly increased rate compared with that for SCCs (26.3%, P=0.0086). The results of the present study indicated that there were marked changes in the miRNA expression signature during the malignant transition. miR-296-3p may serve an important role in the malignant transformation of IPs via the regulation of PTEN, combined with the subsequent inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and may be a novel agent for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Kakizaki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Hatakeyama
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakamaru
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Dai Takagi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Mizumachi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sakashita
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Akihiro Homma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukuda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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16
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Zhao J, Chi J, Gao M, Zhi J, Li Y, Zheng X. Loss of PTEN Expression Is Associated With High MicroRNA 24 Level and Poor Prognosis in Patients With Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 75:1449.e1-1449.e8. [PMID: 28413152 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to detect the relationship between phosphatase and tensin homolog deletion on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and microRNA 24 (miR-24) and correlate PTEN expression with important clinical parameters of patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective case series, all TSCC patients treated at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital between March 2005 and October 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic information and clinical data (histologic type, clinical stage, tumor differentiation, and so on) were collected. The miR-24 level was detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The PTEN level was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Data analyses were performed by Spearman correlation analysis, Pearson χ2 test, and paired t test. Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank analyses, and a Cox proportional hazards model were used to evaluate the prognostic value of PTEN. RESULTS A total of 90 patients (aged 59.4 ± 9.5 years, 53 men and 37 women) were identified.
Loss of PTEN expression was detected in 27 of 90 tumors (30%)” in both occurrences [corrected].
The PTEN messenger RNA level was negatively correlated with the miR-24 level (r = -0.569, P < .01). PTEN expression also was negatively correlated with the miR-24 level (r = -0.621, P < .01). Furthermore, PTEN expression was significantly lower in cancer tissues than in adjacent normal tissues, and its expression was negatively correlated with clinical stage (P < .01) and positively correlated with differentiation (P < .05) in TSCC patients. In addition, the Kaplan-Meier curve indicated that loss of PTEN expression resulted in poor survival of TSCC patients (P < .01). Multivariate analysis indicated that PTEN expression level and clinical stage may be independent prognostic factors for TSCC patients. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that PTEN expression was negatively correlated with the miR-24 level in TSCC. The loss of PTEN expression may serve as a predictor of unfavorable prognosis for TSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhu Zhao
- Resident, Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, and Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiadong Chi
- Resident, Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Professor, Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingtai Zhi
- Resident, Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yigong Li
- Department Head, Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangqian Zheng
- Professor, Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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17
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Marques AEM, Elias ST, Porporatti AL, Castilho RM, Squarize CH, De Luca Canto G, Guerra ENS. mTOR pathway protein immunoexpression as a prognostic factor for survival in head and neck cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Oral Pathol Med 2015; 45:319-28. [PMID: 26661562 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several mTOR pathway proteins are involved in the regulation of cellular anabolism, growth, proliferation, and survival. Activated proteins in the mTOR pathway are deregulated in multiple types of cancers and could influence prognosis. However, it is unclear whether deregulation of mTOR pathway proteins serves a prognostic role in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Furthermore, proteins in the mTOR pathway may be important targets for anticancer therapy. The aim of this study was to summarize existing cohort studies to determine whether immunoexpression of mTOR pathway proteins are important prognostic factors for survival in patients with HNC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review was performed using the Cochrane, Lilacs, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases (up to 23 January 2015). A meta-analysis was conducted to measure the frequency of protein expression in head and neck cancer patient samples and the prognostic value of mTOR pathway proteins for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS Twelve studies were included in our final analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that the frequency of overall expression of mTOR pathway proteins was 74.42% (CI: 63.3 to 84.0, P < 0.001, n = 2016 samples). The survival meta-analysis showed a pooled hazard ratio for OS and DFS of 1.44 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.14-1.73) and 1.18 (95% CI 0.71-1.64), respectively. CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis support evidence that mTOR pathway proteins can be used as predictive markers for survival in patients with HNC because their expression was significantly associated with poor OS and short DFS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Taveira Elias
- Oral Histopathology Laboratory, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - André Luís Porporatti
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Department of Prosthodontics, Section of Orofacial Pain, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Moraes Castilho
- Epithelial Biology Laboratory, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Division of Oral Pathology, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cristiane Helena Squarize
- Epithelial Biology Laboratory, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Division of Oral Pathology, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Graziela De Luca Canto
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Eliete Neves Silva Guerra
- Oral Histopathology Laboratory, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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18
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Martinez BV, Dhahbi JM, Lopez YON, Lamperska K, Golusinski P, Luczewski L, Kolenda T, Atamna H, Spindler SR, Golusinski W, Masternak MM. Circulating small non-coding RNA signature in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:19246-63. [PMID: 26057471 PMCID: PMC4662488 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common human cancer, causing 350,000 individuals die worldwide each year. The overall prognosis in HNSCC patients has not significantly changed for the last decade. Complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms in HNSCC carcinogenesis could allow an earlier diagnosis and the use of more specific and effective therapies. In the present study we used deep sequencing to characterize small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) in serum from HNSCC patients and healthy donors. We identified, for the first time, a multi-marker signature of 3 major classes of circulating sncRNAs in HNSCC, revealing the presence of circulating novel and known miRNAs, and tRNA- and YRNA-derived small RNAs that were significantly deregulated in the sera of HNSCC patients compared to healthy controls. By implementing a triple-filtering approach we identified a subset of highly biologically relevant miRNA-mRNA interactions and we demonstrated that the same genes/pathways affected by somatic mutations in cancer are affected by changes in the abundance of miRNAs. Therefore, one important conclusion from our work is that during cancer development, there seems to be a convergence of oncogenic processes driven by somatic mutations and/or miRNA regulation affecting key cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Victoria Martinez
- University of Central Florida, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Joseph M. Dhahbi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Yury O. Nunez Lopez
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Katarzyna Lamperska
- Deptartment of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Golusinski
- Department of Biology and Environmental Studies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Lukasz Luczewski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kolenda
- Deptartment of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Hani Atamna
- Department of Medical Education, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, USA
| | - Stephen R. Spindler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Wojciech Golusinski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal M. Masternak
- University of Central Florida, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine Orlando, FL, USA
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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19
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Huang X, Li D, Li T, Zhao BO, Chen X. Prognostic value of the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog and CD44 in elderly patients with refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:103-110. [PMID: 26170984 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The leukemic stem cell marker CD44, has been reported to have prognostic significance in hematological malignancies. The present study therefore aimed to evaluate whether the expression levels of CD44 and the associated pathway components are associated with the survival rate of elderly patients with refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A total of 20 elderly patients diagnosed with refractory AML were divided into two groups, following induction chemotherapy: Complete remission (CR, n=9) and non-remission (NR. n=11). Bone marrow biopsy specimens were collected, expression levels of CD44, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and the captured images were analyzed in a blinded manner using Image Pro Plus software, version 6.0. The overall survival rates (OS) of the patients were then analyzed with log rank, and the correlation between CD44, PTEN, mTOR and NF-κB expression levels and patients survival rates were statistically analyzed using Pearson's method. Significant differences were observed between the CR and NR groups for PTEN (P=0.025) and CD44 (P=0.020) expression levels. Positive CD44 expression was significantly correlated with poor overall survival, with a hazard ratio of 6.281 (95% CI, 1.78-22.12; P=0.0042). The mean OS was 4.00 months for patients that demonstrated positive CD44 expression, compared with 9.27 months for patients that demonstrated negative CD44 expression. A tendency towards reduced survival rates was also observed in patients negative for PTEN expression, when compared with that of PTEN-positive patients. The mean OS was 4.81 months in PTEN-negative patients vs. 8.8 months in PTEN-positive patients, with a hazard ratio of 2.689 (95%CI, 0.89-8.08; P=0.078). Patients that exhibited PTEN-positive and CD44-negative expression, survived significantly longer than patients that demonstrated PTEN-negative and CD44-positive expression (mean OS, 9.86 vs 2.67 months; hazard ratio=0.037; 95% CI, 0.006-0.222, P=0.0006). The expression levels of NF-κB and mTOR were slightly increased in the NR group compared with those of the CR group, although no significant differences were identified. PTEN and CD44 expression levels demonstrated trends towards negative correlation. In conclusion, the expression levels of CD44 and PTEN may be useful markers to predict the prognosis of elderly patients with refractory AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Dongyun Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - B O Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas, Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
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