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Shingu Y, Nakata T, Sawai S, Tanaka H, Asai O, Tamagaki K, Nakatani K. Antibody-mediated pure red cell aplasia related with epoetin-beta pegol (C.E.R.A.) as an erythropoietic agent: case report of a dialysis patient. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:275. [PMID: 32664894 PMCID: PMC7362491 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01934-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) are used to treat anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease, enabling maintenance of stable hemoglobin levels and eliminating the need for multiple transfusions. Epoetin-beta pegol (C.E.R.A.) is a continuous erythropoietin receptor activator created by integrating a large methoxy-polyethylene-glycol-polymer chain into the erythropoietin molecule, which provides it with a longer half-life. On rare occasions, cases of antibody-mediated pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) related to ESAs are reported. They are characterized by abrupt onset of severe transfusion-dependent anemia, despite ESA therapy. We herein report a case of antibody-mediated PRCA in a dialysis patient receiving C.E.R.A. Case presentation A 44-year-old man with end-stage renal failure had been receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for 2 years. C.E.R.A. was administered subcutaneously as a sole ESA once a month at the hospital since 4 years ago for the treatment of renal anemia and his hemoglobin level was well controlled at 12 g/dl. From 10 months before diagnosis, however, his hemoglobin level suddenly declined, necessitating frequent transfusions. Based on the results of a bone marrow examination and detection of anti-C.E.R.A. antibodies, the patient was diagnosed with antibody-mediated PRCA. After successful elimination of the antibodies using oral prednisolone plus cyclosporine, the patient was re-administrated C.E.R.A. intravenously, as there are few reports of antibody-mediated PRCA related to ESA using that administration route. He responded to the C.E.R.A., and his anemia dramatically improved, eliminating the need for blood transfusions. Conclusions This is the first reported case of recovery from an antibody-mediated PRCA with C.E.R.A. after its re-administration following a reversal of the antibody. It has been suggested that the additional large pegylation chain makes C.E.R.A. less likely to trigger antibody generation than other ESAs. Following successful treatment of antibody-mediated PRCA using immunosuppressive therapy, C.E.R.A. can be re-administered intravenously to treat renal anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki Shingu
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto Yamashiro General Medical Center, 1-27 Kizuekimae, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0214, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakata
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto Yamashiro General Medical Center, 1-27 Kizuekimae, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0214, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shinji Sawai
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto Yamashiro General Medical Center, 1-27 Kizuekimae, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0214, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hisaya Tanaka
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto Yamashiro General Medical Center, 1-27 Kizuekimae, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0214, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Osamu Asai
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto Yamashiro General Medical Center, 1-27 Kizuekimae, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0214, Japan
| | - Keiichi Tamagaki
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Nakatani
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto Yamashiro General Medical Center, 1-27 Kizuekimae, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0214, Japan.
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Lacreta G, Bucharles SGE, Sevignani G, Riella MC, Nascimento MMD. Pure red cell aplasia and anti-erythropoietin antibodies in patients on hemodialysis: a report of two cases and a literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 41:145-151. [PMID: 30160771 PMCID: PMC6534017 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2018-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Anemia is a frequent multifactorial complication of CKD seen in patients on dialysis derived mainly from impaired erythropoietin (EPO) production. A less common cause of anemia in individuals with CKD is pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) secondary to the production of anti-EPO antibodies. Objective: This paper aimed two describe two cases of PRCA secondary to the production of anti-EPO antibodies including choice of treatment, patient progression, and a literature review. Materials: This study included the cases of two patients with CKD on hemodialysis with severe anemia in need of specific investigation and management. Results: Patient 1 with CKD secondary to hypertension treated with EPO for 7 months showed persistent decreases in hemoglobin (Hb) levels despite the subcutaneous administration of increasing doses of EPO; the patient required recurring blood transfusions. Workup and imaging tests were negative for the main causes of anemia in individuals with CKD on dialysis. Patient 2 with CKD secondary to adult polycystic kidney disease had been taking EPO for 2 years. The patient developed severe abrupt anemia the month he was started on HD, and required recurring transfusions to treat the symptoms of anemia. Workup and imaging findings were inconclusive. Specific laboratory tests confirmed the patients had anti-EPO antibodies. After six months of immunosuppressant therapy (corticosteroids + cyclosporine) the patients were stable with Hb > 9.0 g/dl. Conclusion: PRCA is a rare condition among patients on dialysis treated with rhEPO and should be considered as a possible cause of refractory anemia. Treating patients with PRCA may be challenging, since the specific management and diagnostic procedures needed in this condition are not always readily available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Lacreta
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Hospital de Clínicas, Serviço de Nefrologia, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.,Fundação Pró Renal, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Sérgio Gardano Elias Bucharles
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Hospital de Clínicas, Serviço de Nefrologia, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.,Fundação Pró Renal, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.,Clínica Evangélico de Hemodiálise, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Sevignani
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Hospital de Clínicas, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Marcelo Mazza do Nascimento
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Hospital de Clínicas, Serviço de Nefrologia, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.,Clínica Evangélico de Hemodiálise, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
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Hirai K, Ookawara S, Miyazawa H, Ito K, Ueda Y, Kaku Y, Hoshino T, Kimura SI, Yoshida I, Kakuta S, Morishita Y, Tabei K. Successful treatment of a hemodialyzed patient with pure red cell aplasia associated with epoetin beta pegol therapy with cyclosporine. CEN Case Rep 2017; 5:78-82. [PMID: 28509169 DOI: 10.1007/s13730-015-0196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A 42-year-old man with end-stage renal failure had been receiving hemodialysis therapy since April 2009. Initially, darbepoetin alfa was administered to treat his renal anemia. After treatment was switched to epoetin beta pegol, the patient's hemoglobin levels rapidly decreased. He was diagnosed with pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) based on the results of a bone marrow examination. Epoetin beta pegol was strongly suspected to be the cause of the PRCA, and although he tested negative for anti-epoetin beta pegol antibodies, epoetin beta pegol was discontinued and cyclosporine therapy was initiated. Thereafter, his hemoglobin levels increased, and his anemia dramatically improved after 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Hirai
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
| | - Susumu Ookawara
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan.
| | - Haruhisa Miyazawa
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Ito
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ueda
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kaku
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
| | - Taro Hoshino
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Kimura
- Division of Hematology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Izumi Yoshida
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiyuki Morishita
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tabei
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
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Katagiri D, Hinoshita F. Benefits and risks of erythrocyte-stimulating agents. World J Clin Urol 2014; 3:258-263. [DOI: 10.5410/wjcu.v3.i3.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common and serious clinical problem. Anemia in patients with advanced CKD, frequently called renal anemia, causes disabling fatigue and diminishes patients’ quality of life. Frequent and excess transfusions or iron supplementation are potentially hazardous. Although it remains unclear whether the main factor in the development of renal anemia is the failure of erythropoietin (EPO) production in the kidney or a dysfunction in oxygen sensing exogenous EPO administration is considered a rational treatment. The advent of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHu-EPO) products has dramatically changed the therapeutic strategy for renal anemia. Although rHu-EPO therapy has improved patients’ quality of life and decreased the need for blood transfusions, some potential adverse effects have been reported till date. This brief review discusses the treatment of renal anemia with regard to the following: (1) historical background; (2) effectiveness of rHu-EPO; (3) some topics regarding the treatment of anemia, including EPO resistance, hemoglobin (Hb) cycling, and adequate Hb levels; (4) major adverse effects of rHu-EPO, including hypertension, thrombotic complications, and pure red cell aplasia; and (5) future problems to be resolved.
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Successful treatment of anti-erythropoietin antibody-mediated pure red cell aplasia with low-dose prednisolone. Int J Hematol 2013; 97:272-4. [PMID: 23355260 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-013-1258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The standard therapy for anti-erythropoietin (EPO) antibody-mediated pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is cyclosporine (CyA) or prednisolone (PSL) 0.5-1.0 mg/kg. However, many patients with severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic heart failure cannot tolerate such an immunosuppressive regimen. An 86-year-old man with anemia related to CKD and chronic heart failure, who had received recombinant human erythropoietin subcutaneously, developed anti-EPO antibody-mediated PRCA. The patient was treated with CyA followed by PSL (1.0 mg/kg); however, he was unable to tolerate this drug regimen. The PSL dose was reduced to 0.2 mg/kg. Surprisingly, his reticulocyte count increased 3 months later, and RBC transfusion was no longer required. Low-dose PSL is a treatment option for patients with anti-EPO antibody-mediated PRCA who cannot tolerate CyA and PSL (0.5-1.0 mg/kg).
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Vazquez E, Corchero JL, Villaverde A. Post-production protein stability: trouble beyond the cell factory. Microb Cell Fact 2011; 10:60. [PMID: 21806813 PMCID: PMC3162505 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-10-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Being protein function a conformation-dependent issue, avoiding aggregation during production is a major challenge in biotechnological processes, what is often successfully addressed by convenient upstream, midstream or downstream approaches. Even when obtained in soluble forms, proteins tend to aggregate, especially if stored and manipulated at high concentrations, as is the case of protein drugs for human therapy. Post-production protein aggregation is then a major concern in the pharmaceutical industry, as protein stability, pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, immunogenicity and side effects are largely dependent on the extent of aggregates formation. Apart from acting at the formulation level, the recombinant nature of protein drugs allows intervening at upstream stages through protein engineering, to produce analogue protein versions with higher stability and enhanced therapeutic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Vazquez
- Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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