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Camacho J, Rábano A, Marazuela P, Bonaterra-Pastra A, Serna G, Moliné T, Ramón Y Cajal S, Martínez-Sáez E, Hernández-Guillamon M. Association of CD2AP neuronal deposits with Braak neurofibrillary stage in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol 2021; 32:e13016. [PMID: 34514662 PMCID: PMC8713526 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have described several genes as genetic susceptibility loci for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among them, CD2AP encodes CD2-associated protein, a scaffold protein implicated in dynamic actin remodeling and membrane trafficking during endocytosis and cytokinesis. Although a clear link between CD2AP defects and glomerular pathology has been described, little is known about the function of CD2AP in the brain. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of CD2AP in the AD brain and its potential associations with tau aggregation and β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition. First, we performed immunohistochemical analysis of CD2AP expression in brain tissue from AD patients and controls (N = 60). Our results showed granular CD2AP immunoreactivity in the human brain endothelium in all samples. In AD cases, no CD2AP was found to be associated with Aβ deposits in vessels or parenchymal plaques. CD2AP neuronal inclusions similar to neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and neuropil thread-like deposits were found only in AD samples. Moreover, immunofluorescence analysis revealed that CD2AP colocalized with pTau. Regarding CD2AP neuronal distribution, a hierarchical progression from the entorhinal to the temporal and occipital cortex was detected. We found that CD2AP immunodetection in neurons was strongly and positively associated with Braak neurofibrillary stage, independent of age and other pathological hallmarks. To further investigate the association between pTau and CD2AP, we included samples from cases of primary tauopathies (corticobasal degeneration [CBD], progressive supranuclear palsy [PSP], and Pick's disease [PiD]) in our study. Among these cases, CD2AP positivity was only found in PiD samples as neurofibrillary tangle-like and Pick body-like deposits, whereas no neuronal CD2AP deposits were detected in PSP or CBD samples, which suggested an association of CD2AP neuronal expression with 3R-Tau-diseases. In conclusion, our findings open a new road to investigate the complex cellular mechanism underlying the tangle conformation and tau pathology in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Camacho
- Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Morphological Science Department, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Rábano
- Neuropathology Department, CIEN Foundation, Alzheimer's Centre Queen Sofía Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Marazuela
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Bonaterra-Pastra
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Garazi Serna
- Morphological Science Department, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Moliné
- Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Ramón Y Cajal
- Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Morphological Science Department, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez-Sáez
- Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Morphological Science Department, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Hernández-Guillamon
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Keisuke S, Kohei M, Takuji E, Tomoki M, Yuichi M, Rina O, Tsukasa T, Mitsuru O. Role of cathepsin L in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children. Med Hypotheses 2020; 141:109718. [PMID: 32289645 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is one of the most common glomerular diseases in children. Glomerular podocyte dysfunction can result in proteinuria, the presence of a large amount of protein in the urine. Podocytes are unique epithelial cells that divide into 3 separate structural and functional segments: a cell body, major processes, and foot processes. Since synaptopodin, dynamin, and actin are crucial components of the podocyte cytoskeleton, degradation of these proteins is associated with cytoskeleton instability, resulting in the development of proteinuria. Cathepsin L (CatL), a cysteine proteinase, plays a crucial role in various renal diseases. CatL expression is elevated in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephropathy, which is used as a model of minimal change NS. In CatL-deficient mice, which do not develop proteinuria, dynamin is retained through the escape of CatL-mediated decomposition, resulting in no changes in the filtration barrier of podocytes. However, there is limited information on the roles of CatL in NS. Based on these data, CatL might play an important role in the development of proteinuria. Furthermore, identifying the functions of CatL may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of childhood-onset NS. We hypothesize that high levels of CatL can lead to cytoskeletal instability of podocytes, resulting in proteinuria in childhood-onset NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugimoto Keisuke
- Department of Pediatrics, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Miyazaki Kohei
- Department of Pediatrics, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Enya Takuji
- Department of Pediatrics, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miyazawa Tomoki
- Department of Pediatrics, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Morimoto Yuichi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Oshima Rina
- Department of Pediatrics, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takemura Tsukasa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kushimoto Municipality Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Okada Mitsuru
- Department of Pediatrics, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Podocyte Lysosome Dysfunction in Chronic Glomerular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051559. [PMID: 32106480 PMCID: PMC7084483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are visceral epithelial cells covering the outer surface of glomerular capillaries in the kidney. Blood is filtered through the slit diaphragm of podocytes to form urine. The functional and structural integrity of podocytes is essential for the normal function of the kidney. As a membrane-bound organelle, lysosomes are responsible for the degradation of molecules via hydrolytic enzymes. In addition to its degradative properties, recent studies have revealed that lysosomes may serve as a platform mediating cellular signaling in different types of cells. In the last decade, increasing evidence has revealed that the normal function of the lysosome is important for the maintenance of podocyte homeostasis. Podocytes have no ability to proliferate under most pathological conditions; therefore, lysosome-dependent autophagic flux is critical for podocyte survival. In addition, new insights into the pathogenic role of lysosome and associated signaling in podocyte injury and chronic kidney disease have recently emerged. Targeting lysosomal functions or signaling pathways are considered potential therapeutic strategies for some chronic glomerular diseases. This review briefly summarizes current evidence demonstrating the regulation of lysosomal function and signaling mechanisms as well as the canonical and noncanonical roles of podocyte lysosome dysfunction in the development of chronic glomerular diseases and associated therapeutic strategies.
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Rinschen MM, Huesgen PF, Koch RE. The podocyte protease web: uncovering the gatekeepers of glomerular disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1812-F1816. [PMID: 30230368 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00380.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteases regulate glomerular physiology. The last decade has revealed a multitude of podocyte proteases that govern the glomerular response to numerous chemical, mechanical, and metabolic cues. These proteases form a protein signaling web that integrates stress stimuli and serves as a key controller of the glomerular microenvironment. Both the extracellular and intracellular proteolytic networks are perturbed in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, as well as hypertensive and diabetic nephropathy. Accordingly, the highly intertwined podocyte protease web is an integrative part of the podocyte's damage response. Novel mass spectrometry-based technologies will help to untangle this proteolytic network: functional readouts acquired from deep podocyte proteomics, single glomerular proteomics, and degradomics have exposed unanticipated protease activity in podocytes. Future efforts should characterize the interdependency and upstream regulation of key proteases, along with their role in promoting tissue heterogeneity in glomerular diseases. These efforts will not only illuminate the machinery of podocyte proteostasis but also reveal avenues for therapeutic intervention in the podocyte protease web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Rinschen
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany.,Center for Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California
| | - Pitter F Huesgen
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics ZEA-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich , Germany
| | - Rachelle E Koch
- Division of Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
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