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Tiddy IC, Munson A, Cortese D, Webster MM, Killen SS. Impacts of climate-related stressors on social group cohesion and individual sociability in fish. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38941355 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Group-living in animals comes with a number of benefits associated with predator avoidance, foraging, and reproduction. A large proportion of fish species display grouping behaviour. Fish may also be particularly vulnerable to climate-related stressors including thermal variation, hypoxia, and acidification. As climate-related stressors are expected to increase in magnitude and frequency, any effects on fish behaviour may be increased and affect the ability of fish species to cope with changing conditions. Here we conduct a systematic review of the effects of temperature, hypoxia, and acidification on individual sociability and group cohesion in shoaling and schooling fishes. Searches of the published and grey literature were carried out, and studies were included or excluded based on selection criteria. Data from studies were then included in a meta-analysis to examine broad patterns of effects of climate-related stressors in the literature. Evidence was found for a reduction in group cohesion at low oxygen levels, which was stronger in smaller groups. While several studies reported effects of temperature and acidification, there was no consistent effect of either stressor on sociability or cohesion. There was some evidence that marine fishes are more strongly negatively affected by acidification compared with freshwater species, but results are similarly inconsistent and more studies are required. Additional studies of two or more stressors in combination are also needed, although one study found reduced sociability following exposure to acidification and high temperatures. Overall, there is some evidence that hypoxia, and potentially other climate-related environmental changes, impact sociability and group cohesion in fishes. This may reduce survival and adaptability in shoaling and schooling species and have further ecological implications for aquatic systems. However, this synthesis mainly highlights the need for more empirical studies examining the effects of climate-related factors on social behaviour in fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izzy C Tiddy
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Veterinary Medicine College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 82 Hillhead St, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Amelia Munson
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Veterinary Medicine College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 82 Hillhead St, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- Department of Wildlife, Fish & Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daphne Cortese
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Veterinary Medicine College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 82 Hillhead St, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, 34200, France
| | - Michael M Webster
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Harold Mitchell Building, Fife, KY16 9TS, UK
| | - Shaun S Killen
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Veterinary Medicine College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 82 Hillhead St, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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Nakata K. 2021 Editor's Choice Award and Editor's Choice Articles. J ETHOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-021-00739-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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