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Tam LS, Wei JCC, Aggarwal A, Baek HJ, Cheung PP, Chiowchanwisawakit P, Dans L, Gu J, Hagino N, Kishimoto M, Reyes HM, Soroosh S, Stebbings S, Whittle S, Yeap SS, Lau CS. 2018 APLAR axial spondyloarthritis treatment recommendations. Int J Rheum Dis 2019; 22:340-356. [PMID: 30816645 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the availability of axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) recommendations proposed by various rheumatology societies, we considered that a region-specific guideline was of substantial added value to clinicians of the Asia-Pacific region, given the wide variations in predisposition to infections and other patient factors, local practice patterns, and access to treatment across countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS Systematic reviews were undertaken of English-language articles published between 2000 and 2016, identified from MEDLINE using PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases. The strength of available evidence was graded using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Recommendations were developed through consensus using the Delphi technique. RESULTS Fourteen axial SpA treatment recommendations were developed based on evidence summaries and consensus. The first 2 recommendations cover non-pharmacological approaches to management. Recommendations 3 to 5 describe the following: the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as first-line symptomatic treatment; the avoidance of long-term corticosteroid use; and the utility of conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) for peripheral or extra-articular manifestations. Recommendation 6 refers to the indications for biological DMARDs (bDMARDs). Recommendation 7 deals specifically with screening for infections endemic to Asia, prior to use of bDMARDs. Recommendations 7 to 13 cover the role of bDMARDs in the treatment of active axial SpA and include related issues such as continuing therapy and use in special populations. Recommendation 14 deals with the utility of surgical intervention in axial SpA. CONCLUSION These recommendations provide up-to-date guidance for treatment of axial SpA to help meet the needs of patients and clinicians in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Shan Tam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Amita Aggarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Han Joo Baek
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Peter P Cheung
- Division of Rheumatology, National University Hospital and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | | | - Leonila Dans
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Epidemiology, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jieruo Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Noboru Hagino
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Kishimoto
- Immuno-Rheumatology Center, St Luke`s International Hospital, St Luke`s International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Heizel Manapat Reyes
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Soosan Soroosh
- AJA University of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simon Stebbings
- Department of Medicine Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Samuel Whittle
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Swan Sim Yeap
- Department of Medicine, Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Chak Sing Lau
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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How to translate basic knowledge into clinical application of biologic therapy in spondyloarthritis. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:369202. [PMID: 23840241 PMCID: PMC3693102 DOI: 10.1155/2013/369202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a family of many diseases, and these diseases share some clinical, genetic, and radiologic features. The disease process in the spine at the beginning is spinal inflammation, in which TNFα is the principal cytokine involved. Therefore, the dramatic clinical and pathologic response of anti-TNFα therapy in SpA is based upon the presence of increased TNFα in synovial tissues and sacroiliac joints, which perpetuates chronic inflammation. The increased Toll-like receptors (TCR) 2 and 4 in the serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, or synovial tissues of ankylosing spondyloarthritis (AS) or SpA patients suggest that SpA is highly associated with innate immunity. Any drug including anti-TNFα blocker which can downregulate the TCR, infiltrated neutrophils, or CD163+ macrophages in the synovial tissue is the rationale for the management of SpA. Like rheumatoid arthritis, the increased TH22 and TH17 cells either in blood, synovial fluid, or synovial tissues were also demonstrated in SpA. Thus, TH17 and TH22 may be reasonable cellular targets for therapeutic intervention. Drugs (anti-IL6R or anti-IL6) which can reduce the binding of IL6 and IL6R to the cell surface may be beneficial in SpA. Many proteins are implicated in the new bone formation (syndesmophyte) or ankylosis in AS or SpA. The enhanced BMP and Wnt pathway will activate osteoblasts which promote the new bone formation. However, no drug including anti-TNFα can stop or prevent the syndesmophyte in AS. In summary, looking for new targeting therapies for either anti-inflammation (beyond anti-TNF) or anti-bone formation (including anti-TGFβ or PDGF) is warranted in the future.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The reported efficacy and safety of some biologic agents for psoriasis vary between Caucasians and Asians. Few reports of etanercept exist in psoriasis patients within the Asia-Pacific region. OBJECTIVES The study aims to report our clinical experience of etanercept in the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis in Taiwan. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 59 patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis who received etanercept was conducted in a tertiary referral center. RESULTS Etanercept therapy resulted in a reduction of mean Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) of 47% at week 12 and 61% at week 24. After 12 weeks of treatment, 48%, 26%, and 3.4% of the patients achieved at least PASI50, 75 and 90 response, respectively. At week 24, the proportion of patients achieving at least PASI50, 75 and 90 response was 59%, 37%, and 14%, respectively. Etanercept efficacy in achieving PASI75 improvement was, however, lower than that reported in previous pivotal placebo-controlled trials. No cases of active tuberculosis, viral hepatitis or malignancies were observed during the observation period. CONCLUSION Our case series demonstrated the efficacy and safety of etanercept for the management of moderate-to-severe psoriasis in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Yi Chiu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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