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Berdiaki A, Giatagana EM, Tzanakakis G, Nikitovic D. The Landscape of Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycan Impact on Cancer Pathogenesis with a Focus on Biglycan and Lumican. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3549. [PMID: 37509212 PMCID: PMC10377491 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer development is a multifactorial procedure that involves changes in the cell microenvironment and specific modulations in cell functions. A tumor microenvironment contains tumor cells, non-malignant cells, blood vessels, cells of the immune system, stromal cells, and the extracellular matrix (ECM). The small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) are a family of nineteen proteoglycans, which are ubiquitously expressed among mammalian tissues and especially abundant in the ECM. SLRPs are divided into five canonical classes (classes I-III, containing fourteen members) and non-canonical classes (classes IV-V, including five members) based on their amino-acid structural sequence, chromosomal organization, and functional properties. Variations in both the protein core structure and glycosylation status lead to SLRP-specific interactions with cell membrane receptors, cytokines, growth factors, and structural ECM molecules. SLRPs have been implicated in the regulation of cancer growth, motility, and invasion, as well as in cancer-associated inflammation and autophagy, highlighting their crucial role in the processes of carcinogenesis. Except for the class I SLRP decorin, to which an anti-tumorigenic role has been attributed, other SLPRs' roles have not been fully clarified. This review will focus on the functions of the class I and II SLRP members biglycan and lumican, which are correlated to various aspects of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eirini-Maria Giatagana
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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Liu M, Wang W, Piao S, Shen Y, Li Z, Ding W, Li J, Saiyin W. Relationship of biglycan and decorin expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2023; 52:20-28. [PMID: 36308714 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study focused on investigating relation between biglycan (BGN) and decorin (DCN) expression and prognostic outcome for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS BGN and DCN mRNA and protein expression was detected by qRT-PCR and Western-blotting (WB) assays from 31 OSCC samples as well as healthy samples. This work harvested 101 paraffin-embedded OSCC together with 30 healthy samples, and conducted immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for assessing pathological changes. Association of DCN with BGN within OSCC was explored by Spearman's analysis. Survival rate was explored by Kaplan-Meier (KM) approach. Multivariate analysis was conducted by Cox regression. RESULTS WB and qRT-PCR results showed BGN up-regulation (p < 0.001, p < 0.0001) whereas DCN down-regulation (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001) with fresh OSCC tissues; the expression of BGN and DCN associated with the OSCC histopathological grade. IHC results suggested elevated BGN level (p < 0.0001) whereas DCN down-regulation (p < 0.0001) with paraffin embedded OSCC tissues. The expression of BGN and DCN associated with histopathologic grades and tumor stage of OSCC. The result of Spearman's analysis demonstrated significant association between the expression of BGN and DCN in OSCC. Survival analysis revealed that patients with higher BGN/lower DCN level showed poor overall survival (OS) as well as tumor-specific survival (TSS). Multivariate analysis proved that BGN and DCN independently predicted the prognosis of OS and TSS. CONCLUSION BGN and DCN expression levels can be adopted for predicting OSCC prognostic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlin Piao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Shen
- Vascular Anomaly Center, Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengmiao Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentong Ding
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jichen Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuliji Saiyin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Wu P, Pan X, Lu K, Gu N. Screening prognostic genes related to leucovorin, fluorouracil, and irinotecan treatment sensitivity by performing co-expression network analysis for colon cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:928356. [DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.928356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colon cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. FOLFIRI (leucovorin, fluorouracil, and irinotecan) is a common combination in chemotherapy regimens. However, insensitivity to FOLFIRI is an important factor in the effectiveness of the treatment for advanced colon cancer. Our study aimed to explore precise molecular targets associated with chemotherapy responses in colon cancer.Methods: Gene expression profiles of 21 patients with advanced colorectal cancer who received chemotherapy based on FOLFIRI were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The gene co-expression network was constructed by the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and functional gene modules were screened out. Clinical phenotypic correlation analysis was used to identify key gene modules. Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analysis were used to screen enriched genes in key modules. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis was used to screen out key node genes. Based on the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database, the correlation between the expression levels of these genes and the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of colon cancer patients was investigated, and the hub genes were screened out. Immunohistochemistry of candidate hub genes was identified using the Human Protein Atlas database. Finally, clinical information and RNA sequencing data of colon cancer were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas project database (TCGA), the GEPIA, and the Human Atlas databases for validation.Results: The WGCNA revealed that three hub genes were closely related to chemotherapy insensitivity of colon cancer: AEBP1, BGN, and TAGLN. The protein expression levels of AEBP1, BGN, and TAGLN in tumor tissues were higher than those in normal tissues. In addition, the gene expression levels of AEBP1, BGN, and TAGLN were negatively correlated with OS and DFS in colon cancer patients. Therefore, AEBP1, BGN, and TAGLN have been identified as potential biomarkers related to the response to FOLFIRI treatment of colon cancer.Conclusion: We found that AEBP1, BGN, and TAGLN, as potential predictive biomarkers, may play an important role in the response to FOLFIRI treatment of colon cancer and as a precise molecular target associated with chemotherapy response in colon cancer.
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Expression and the Prognostic Value of Biglycan in Gastric Cancer. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2656480. [PMID: 36110576 PMCID: PMC9470332 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2656480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Biglycan (BGN) is a family member of small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans. High expression of BGN might enhance the invasion and metastasis in some types of tumors. Here, the prognostic significance of BGN was evaluated in gastric cancer. Material and Methods. Two independent Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) gastric cancer microarray datasets (n = 64 and n = 432) were collected for this study. Kaplan-Meier analysis was applied to evaluate if BGN impacts the outcomes of gastric cancer. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was performed on gastric cancer-related genes and BGN targets, and those interactions with confidence interval (CI) ≥ 0.7 were chosen to construct a PPI network. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to explore BGN and cancer-related gene signatures. Gene Transcription Regulation Database (GTRD) and ALGGEN-PROMO predicted the transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) of the BGN promoter. BGN protein level in gastric cancer tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Bioinformatic analysis predicted the putative TFs of BGN. Results For gastric cancer, the mRNA expression level of BGN in tumor tissue was significantly higher than that in normal tissue. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that higher expression of BGN mRNA was significantly associated with more reduced recurrence-free survival (RFS). GSEA results suggested that BGN was significantly enriched in gene signatures related to metastasis and poor prognosis, revealing that BGN might be associated with cell proliferation, poor differentiation, and high invasiveness of gastric cancer. Meanwhile, the putative TFs, including AR, E2F1, and TCF4, were predicted by bioinformatic analysis and also significantly correlated with expression of BGN in mRNA levels. Conclusion High expression of BGN mRNA was significantly related to poor prognosis, which suggested that BGN was a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target of gastric cancer.
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Gopinath P, Natarajan A, Sathyanarayanan A, Veluswami S, Gopisetty G. The multifaceted role of Matricellular Proteins in health and cancer, as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Gene 2022; 815:146137. [PMID: 35007686 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of a mesh of proteins, proteoglycans, growth factors, and other secretory components. It constitutes the tumor microenvironment along with the endothelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, adipocytes, and immune cells. The proteins of ECM can be functionally classified as adhesive proteins and matricellular proteins (MCP). In the tumor milieu, the ECM plays a major role in tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance. The current review encompasses thrombospondins, osteonectin, osteopontin, tenascin C, periostin, the CCN family, laminin, biglycan, decorin, mimecan, and galectins. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are also discussed as they are an integral part of the ECM with versatile functions in the tumor stroma. In this review, the role of these proteins in tumor initiation, growth, invasion and metastasis have been highlighted, with emphasis on their contribution to tumor therapeutic resistance. Further, their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets based on existing evidence are discussed. Owing to the recent advancements in protein targeting, the possibility of agents to modulate MCPs in cancer as therapeutic options are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prarthana Gopinath
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute WIA, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aparna Natarajan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute WIA, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sridevi Veluswami
- Deaprtment of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gopal Gopisetty
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute WIA, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Maishi N, Sakurai Y, Hatakeyama H, Umeyama Y, Nakamura T, Endo R, Alam MT, Li C, Annan DAM, Kikuchi H, Morimoto H, Morimoto M, Akiyama K, Ohga N, Hida Y, Harashima H, Hida K. Novel antiangiogenic therapy targeting biglycan using tumor endothelial cell-specific liposomal siRNA delivery system. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:1855-1867. [PMID: 35266253 PMCID: PMC9128192 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor blood vessels play important roles in tumor progression and metastasis. Targeting tumor endothelial cells (TECs) is one of the strategies for cancer therapy. We previously reported that biglycan, a small leucine‐rich proteoglycan, is highly expressed in TECs. TECs utilize biglycan in an autocrine manner for migration and angiogenesis. Furthermore, TEC‐derived biglycan stimulates tumor cell migration in a paracrine manner leading to tumor cell intravasation and metastasis. In this study, we explored the therapeutic effect of biglycan inhibition in the TECs of renal cell carcinoma using an in vivo siRNA delivery system known as a multifunctional envelope‐type nanodevice (MEND), which contains a unique pH‐sensitive cationic lipid. To specifically deliver MEND into TECs, we incorporated cyclo(Arg–Gly–Asp–d–Phe–Lys) (cRGD) into MEND because αVβ3 integrin, a receptor for cRGD, is selective and highly expressed in TECs. We developed RGD‐MEND‐encapsulating siRNA against biglycan. First, we confirmed that MEND was delivered into OS‐RC‐2 tumor‐derived TECs and induced in vitro RNAi‐mediated gene silencing. MEND was then injected intravenously into OS‐RC‐2 tumor‐bearing mice. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that MEND was specifically delivered into TECs. Quantitative RT‐PCR indicated that biglycan was knocked down by biglycan siRNA‐containing MEND. Finally, we analyzed the therapeutic effect of biglycan silencing by MEND in TECs. Tumor growth was inhibited by biglycan siRNA‐containing MEND. Tumor microenvironmental factors such as fibrosis were also normalized using biglycan inhibition in TECs. Biglycan in TECs can be a novel target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nako Maishi
- Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Vascular Biology, Frontier Research Unit, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Vascular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yu Sakurai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroto Hatakeyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yui Umeyama
- Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rikito Endo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mohammad Towfik Alam
- Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Vascular Biology, Frontier Research Unit, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Vascular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Cong Li
- Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Dorcas Akuba-Muhyia Annan
- Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Vascular Biology, Frontier Research Unit, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kikuchi
- Vascular Biology, Frontier Research Unit, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Morimoto
- Vascular Biology, Frontier Research Unit, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Morimoto
- Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Vascular Biology, Frontier Research Unit, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Akiyama
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noritaka Ohga
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hida
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Kyoko Hida
- Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Vascular Biology, Frontier Research Unit, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Vascular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Saha A, Cheriyamundath S, Kumar A, Gavert N, Brabletz T, Ben-Ze’ev A. A Necessary Role for Increased Biglycan Expression during L1-Mediated Colon Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010445. [PMID: 35008869 PMCID: PMC8745639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and downstream β-catenin-TCF target genes is a hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC) development. We identified the immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion receptor L1CAM (L1) as a target of β-catenin-TCF transactivation in CRC cells. Overexpression of L1 in CRC cells confers enhanced proliferation, motility, tumorigenesis, and liver metastasis, and L1 is exclusively localized at invasive areas of human CRC tissue. Several genes are induced after L1 transfection into CRC cells by a mechanism involving the L1-ezrin-NF-κB pathway. We conducted a secretomic analysis of the proteins in the culture medium of L1-overexpressing CRC cells. We detected a highly increased level of biglycan, a small leucine-rich ECM component, and a signaling molecule. We found that induction of biglycan is required for the cellular processes conferred by L1, including enhanced proliferation, motility, tumorigenesis, and liver metastasis. The suppression of endogenous biglycan levels or a point mutation in the L1 ectodomain that regulates cell–cell adhesion mediated by L1 blocked the enhanced tumorigenic properties conferred by L1. The mechanism of biglycan induction by L1 involves the L1-NF-κB pathway. Blocking NF-κB signaling in L1 expressing cells suppressed the induction of biglycan and the tumorigenic properties conferred by L1. Biglycan expression was undetectable in the normal colonic mucosa, but expressed at highly increased levels in the tumor tissue, especially in the stroma. The therapeutic strategies to target biglycan expression might provide a useful approach for CRC treatment in L1-overexpressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arka Saha
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (A.S.); (S.C.); (A.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Sanith Cheriyamundath
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (A.S.); (S.C.); (A.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Anmol Kumar
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (A.S.); (S.C.); (A.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Nancy Gavert
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (A.S.); (S.C.); (A.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Feibiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Avri Ben-Ze’ev
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (A.S.); (S.C.); (A.K.); (N.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Zeng S, Zhou F, Wang Y, Zhai Z, Xu L, Wang H, Chen X, Luo S, Cheng M. Aberrant expression of the extracellular matrix component Biglycan regulated by Hedgehog signalling promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 54:243-251. [PMID: 35130618 PMCID: PMC9909327 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2021018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signalling plays essential roles in regulating embryonic development and contributes to tumour initiation, growth and progression in multiple cancers. The detailed mechanism by which Hh signalling participates in tumour growth warrants thorough study, although several downstream target genes have been identified. Herein, a set of novel targets of Hh signalling was identified in multiple types of tumour cells via RNA-Seq analysis. Among these targets, the expression regulation and oncogenic function of the extracellular matrix component biglycan (BGN) were investigated. Further investigation verified that Hh signalling activates the expression of BGN via the transcription factor Gli2, which directly binds to the promoter region of BGN. Functional assays revealed that BGN facilitates tumour cell growth and proliferation in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, and xenograft assays confirmed that BGN also promotes tumour growth . Moreover, analysis of clinical CRC samples showed that both the protein and mRNA levels of BGN are increased in CRC tissues compared to those in adjacent tissues, and higher expression of BGN is correlated with poorer prognosis of CRC patients, further confirming the function of BGN in CRC. Taken together, aberrantly activated Hh signalling increases the expression of BGN, possibly regulates the extracellular matrix, and thereby promotes tumour growth in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Zeng
- Center for Experimental Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang330006China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision MedicineNanchang330006China
| | - Feifei Zhou
- Center for Experimental Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang330006China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision MedicineNanchang330006China,School of Basic Medical SciencesNanchang UniversityNanchang330006China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Center for Experimental Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang330006China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision MedicineNanchang330006China
| | - Zhenyu Zhai
- Center for Experimental Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang330006China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision MedicineNanchang330006China
| | - Linlin Xu
- Center for Experimental Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang330006China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision MedicineNanchang330006China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Center for Experimental Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang330006China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision MedicineNanchang330006China
| | - Xinping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang330006China
| | - Shiwen Luo
- Center for Experimental Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang330006China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision MedicineNanchang330006China
| | - Minzhang Cheng
- Center for Experimental Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang330006China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision MedicineNanchang330006China,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-791-88692139; E-mail:
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Chen Y, Hou W, Zhong M, Wu B. Comprehensive Proteomic Analysis of Colon Cancer Tissue Revealed the Reason for the Worse Prognosis of Right-Sided Colon Cancer and Mucinous Colon Cancer at the Protein Level. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:3554-3572. [PMID: 34590603 PMCID: PMC8482240 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28050305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the poor prognosis of right-sided and mucinous colon cancer at the proteomic level. A tandem mass tag-proteomics approach was used to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in colon carcinoma tissues from different locations and with different histological types to reveal the underlying mechanisms of these differences at the protein level. In additional, the DEPs were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. The proteomics profiles among colon cancers with different tumor locations and histological types were dramatically distinguished. In terms of tumor locations, the right-sided carcinoma specific DEPs may promote the tumor progression via activating inflammation, metastasis associated pathways. When referring to histological types, the mucinous colon cancers perhaps increased the invasion and metastasis through distinct mechanisms in different tumor locations. For mucinous cancer located in right-sided colon, the mucinous specific DEPs were mainly associated with ECM-related remodeling and the IL-17 signal pathway. For mucinous cancer located in left-sided colon, the mucinous specific DEPs showed a strong relationship with ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/MasR axis. The proteomics profiles of colon cancers showed distinct differences related to locations and histological types. These results suggested a distinct mechanism underlying the diverse subtypes of colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Wenyun Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (W.H.); (M.Z.)
| | - Miner Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (W.H.); (M.Z.)
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (W.H.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-69156470
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Reye G, Huang X, Haupt LM, Murphy RJ, Northey JJ, Thompson EW, Momot KI, Hugo HJ. Mechanical Pressure Driving Proteoglycan Expression in Mammographic Density: a Self-perpetuating Cycle? J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2021; 26:277-296. [PMID: 34449016 PMCID: PMC8566410 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-021-09494-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Regions of high mammographic density (MD) in the breast are characterised by a proteoglycan (PG)-rich fibrous stroma, where PGs mediate aligned collagen fibrils to control tissue stiffness and hence the response to mechanical forces. Literature is accumulating to support the notion that mechanical stiffness may drive PG synthesis in the breast contributing to MD. We review emerging patterns in MD and other biological settings, of a positive feedback cycle of force promoting PG synthesis, such as in articular cartilage, due to increased pressure on weight bearing joints. Furthermore, we present evidence to suggest a pro-tumorigenic effect of increased mechanical force on epithelial cells in contexts where PG-mediated, aligned collagen fibrous tissue abounds, with implications for breast cancer development attributable to high MD. Finally, we summarise means through which this positive feedback mechanism of PG synthesis may be intercepted to reduce mechanical force within tissues and thus reduce disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Reye
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Gardens Point, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Xuan Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Gardens Point, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Ryan J Murphy
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Gardens Point, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason J Northey
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Erik W Thompson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Gardens Point, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Konstantin I Momot
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Honor J Hugo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Gardens Point, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia.
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
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11
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Kim MS, Ha SE, Wu M, Zogg H, Ronkon CF, Lee MY, Ro S. Extracellular Matrix Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179185. [PMID: 34502094 PMCID: PMC8430714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular microenvironment composition and changes therein play an extremely important role in cancer development. Changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM), which constitutes a majority of the tumor stroma, significantly contribute to the development of the tumor microenvironment. These alterations within the ECM and formation of the tumor microenvironment ultimately lead to tumor development, invasion, and metastasis. The ECM is composed of various molecules such as collagen, elastin, laminin, fibronectin, and the MMPs that cleave these protein fibers and play a central role in tissue remodeling. When healthy cells undergo an insult like DNA damage and become cancerous, if the ECM does not support these neoplastic cells, further development, invasion, and metastasis fail to occur. Therefore, ECM-related cancer research is indispensable, and ECM components can be useful biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets. Colorectal cancer specifically, is also affected by the ECM and many studies have been conducted to unravel the complex association between the two. Here we summarize the importance of several ECM components in colorectal cancer as well as their potential roles as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seob Kim
- Department of Physiology, Digestive Disease Research Institute and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (M.-S.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Se-Eun Ha
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.-E.H.); (H.Z.); (C.F.R.)
| | - Moxin Wu
- Department of Physiology, Digestive Disease Research Institute and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (M.-S.K.); (M.W.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Hannah Zogg
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.-E.H.); (H.Z.); (C.F.R.)
| | - Charles F. Ronkon
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.-E.H.); (H.Z.); (C.F.R.)
| | - Moon-Young Lee
- Department of Physiology, Digestive Disease Research Institute and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (M.-S.K.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Seungil Ro
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.-E.H.); (H.Z.); (C.F.R.)
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.L.); (S.R.)
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12
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Mazzio E, Badisa R, Mack N, Cassim S, Zdralevic M, Pouyssegur J, Soliman KFA. Whole-transcriptome Analysis of Fully Viable Energy Efficient Glycolytic-null Cancer Cells Established by Double Genetic Knockout of Lactate Dehydrogenase A/B or Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 17:469-497. [PMID: 32859627 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Nearly all mammalian tumors of diverse tissues are believed to be dependent on fermentative glycolysis, marked by elevated production of lactic acid and expression of glycolytic enzymes, most notably lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH). Therefore, there has been significant interest in developing chemotherapy drugs that selectively target various isoforms of the LDH enzyme. However, considerable questions remain as to the consequences of biological ablation of LDH or upstream targeting of the glycolytic pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we explore the biochemical and whole transcriptomic effects of CRISPR-Cas9 gene knockout (KO) of lactate dehydrogenases A and B [LDHA/B double KO (DKO)] and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI KO) in the human colon cancer cell line LS174T, using Affymetrix 2.1 ST arrays. RESULTS The metabolic biochemical profiles corroborate that relative to wild type (WT), LDHA/B DKO produced no lactic acid, (GPI KO) produced minimal lactic acid and both KOs displayed higher mitochondrial respiration, and minimal use of glucose with no loss of cell viability. These findings show a high biochemical energy efficiency as measured by ATP in glycolysis-null cells. Next, transcriptomic analysis conducted on 48,226 mRNA transcripts reflect 273 differentially expressed genes (DEGS) in the GPI KO clone set, 193 DEGS in the LDHA/B DKO clone set with 47 DEGs common to both KO clones. Glycolytic-null cells reflect up-regulation in gene transcripts typically associated with nutrient deprivation / fasting and possible use of fats for energy: thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2), PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), and acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 (ACAA2). Other changes in non-ergometric transcripts in both KOs show losses in "stemness", WNT signaling pathway, chemo/radiation resistance, retinoic acid synthesis, drug detoxification, androgen/estrogen activation, and extracellular matrix reprogramming genes. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that: 1) The "Warburg effect" is dispensable, 2) loss of the LDHAB gene is not only inconsequential to viability but fosters greater mitochondrial energy, and 3) drugs that target LDHA/B are likely to be ineffective without a plausible combination second drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Mazzio
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Ramesh Badisa
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Nzinga Mack
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Shamir Cassim
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Masa Zdralevic
- University Côte d'Azur, IRCAN, CNRS, Centre A. Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Jacques Pouyssegur
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco .,University Côte d'Azur, IRCAN, CNRS, Centre A. Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Karam F A Soliman
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A.
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13
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Benchmark of site- and structure-specific quantitative tissue N-glycoproteomics for discovery of potential N-glycoprotein markers: a case study of pancreatic cancer. Glycoconj J 2021; 38:213-231. [PMID: 33835347 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-09994-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor of the digestive tract that is difficult to diagnose and treat. It is more common in developed countries and has become one of the main causes of death in some countries and regions. Currently, pancreatic cancer generally has a poor prognosis, partly due to the lack of symptoms in the early stages of pancreatic cancer. Therefore, most cases are diagnosed at advanced stage. With the continuous in-depth research of glycoproteomics in precision medical diagnosis, there have been some reports on quantitative analysis of cancer-related cells, plasma or tissues to find specific biomarkers for targeted therapy. This research is based on the developed complete N-linked glycopeptide database search engine GPSeeker, combined with liquid-mass spectrometry and stable diethyl isotope labeling, providing a benchmark of site- and structure-specific quantitative tissue N-glycoproteomics for discovery of potential N-glycoprotein markers. With spectrum-level FDR ≤1%, 20,038 intact N-Glycopeptides corresponding to 4518 peptide backbones, 228 N-glycan monosaccharide compositions 1026 N-glycan putative structures, 4460 N-glycosites and 3437 intact N-glycoproteins were identified. With the criteria of ≥1.5-fold change and p value<0.05, 52 differentially expressed intact N-glycopeptides (DEGPs) were found in pancreatic cancer tussues relative to control, where 38 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated, respectively.
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14
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The Extracellular Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycan Biglycan Is a Key Player in Gastric Cancer Aggressiveness. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061330. [PMID: 33809543 PMCID: PMC8001774 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Approximately 80% of gastric cancer patients are diagnosed at advanced stages with an average five-year survival rate of less than 30%. Alterations of the extracellular matrix proteins have been largely demonstrated in all steps of the disease. Thus, studies for the identification of novel prognostic biomarkers and efficient therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. In this study, we report the oncogenic role of biglycan, an extracellular proteoglycan, in gastric carcinogenesis. Biglycan was able to modulate gastric cancer aggressive features as cell survival, migration, and angiogenesis. Additionally, high levels of biglycan expression correlates with tumorigenic gene signatures and they are associated with poor patient prognosis in advanced stages of the disease. These results point biglycan as a key player in gastric cancer aggressiveness and further studies should be done to investigate the therapeutic potential of biglycan to tackle gastric cancer progression. Abstract Biglycan (BGN gene), an extracellular proteoglycan, has been described to be associated with cancer aggressiveness. The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinical value of biglycan as a biomarker in multiple independent GC cohorts and determine the in vitro and in vivo role of biglycan in GC malignant features. We found that BGN is commonly over-expressed in all analyzed cohorts, being associated with disease relapse and poor prognosis in patients with advanced stages of disease. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that biglycan knock-out GC cells display major phenotypic changes with a lower cell survival, migration, and angiogenic potential when compared with biglycan expressing cells. Biglycan KO GC cells present increased levels of PARP1 and caspase-3 cleavage and a decreased expression of mesenchymal markers. Importantly, biglycan deficient GC cells that were supplemented with exogenous biglycan were able to restore biological features, such as survival, clonogenic and migratory capacities. Our in vitro and in vivo findings were validated in human GC samples, where BGN expression was associated with several oncogenic gene signatures that were associated with apoptosis, cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. This study provided new insights on biglycan role in GC that should be taken in consideration as a key cellular regulator with major impact in tumor progression and patients’ clinical outcome.
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15
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Morimoto H, Hida Y, Maishi N, Nishihara H, Hatanaka Y, Li C, Matsuno Y, Nakamura T, Hirano S, Hida K. Biglycan, tumor endothelial cell secreting proteoglycan, as possible biomarker for lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:1347-1357. [PMID: 33709550 PMCID: PMC8088962 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In lung cancer, surgery remains the most curative treatment and limited resection is beneficial for patients with low cardiopulmonary function and low malignancy tumors. However, there are no biomarkers of low malignancy to select candidates for limited resection without compromising the outcome of treatments. Recently we identified biglycan (BGN) as a tumor endothelial cell (TEC) marker that is associated with tumor progression in various cancers. In this study, we analyzed the association between BGN expression in TECs in lung cancer and cancer progression in patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, we performed immunohistochemistry of BGN with resected lung tumor tissues of 155 patients who had undergone thoracic surgery and analyzed the correlation between BGN-positive vessel density in primary lung tumors and clinicopathological factors. Second, we measured the BGN levels in preoperative serum of other 46 patients with lung cancer by ELISA, and analyzed the correlation between BGN expression in tumor tissues and blood BGN levels. RESULTS High BGN expression in the TECs was significantly associated with T factor, and was a significant negative predictor. BGN levels in preoperative serum of 46 patients with lung cancer was significantly correlated with BGN expression in the TECs. Preoperative serum BGN level was significantly lower in healthy volunteers and less invasive adenocarcinoma than in invasive adenocarcinoma and other lung carcinomas. These results suggest that low BGN level in preoperative serum in patients with lung cancer might indicate low malignancy. CONCLUSIONS BGN can be a potential biomarker for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Morimoto
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hida
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nako Maishi
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hatanaka
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.,Research Division of Genome Companion Diagnostics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsuno
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toru Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hida
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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16
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Ruan T, Lu S, Xu J, Zhou JY. lncRNA LINC00460 Functions as a Competing Endogenous RNA and Regulates Expression of BGN by Sponging miR-149-5p in Colorectal Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:1533033820964238. [PMID: 33472555 PMCID: PMC7829460 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820964238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: There are an increasing number of studies indicating the important roles
served by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the development of different
types of cancer. LINC00460 is a novel identified lncRNA that was found to be
upregulated in colorectal cancer. However, the biological roles of LINC00460
in colorectal cancer have yet to be fully elucidated. This study was aimed
to investigate the functions and molecular mechanisms of LINC00460 on
colorectal cancer metastasis. Methods: Expression of LINC00460 and biglycan (BGN) in colorectal
cancer tissues and cell lines were quantified by real time PCR or western
blotting assay. Cell migration and invasion assays were performed to
determine the effect of LINC00460 on tumor metastasis in vitro. The binding
interaction between microRNA-149-5p and LINC00460 was revealed by luciferase
reporter assay. Results: In the present study, lncRNA LINC00460 was shown to be upregulated in
colorectal cancer tissues, and overexpression of LINC00460 significantly
promoted metastasis of colorectal cancer in vitro. Furthermore, miR-149-5p
interacted with LINC00460, and they negatively regulated expression of each
other. Transfection of miR-149-5p mimics partially counteracted the tumor
metastasis-promoting effects induced by LINC00460 overexpression. Finally,
overexpression of LINC00460 upregulated the expression levels of
biglycan, a target gene of miR-149-5p, which has also
been identified as an oncogenic driver in colorectal cancer. Conclusion: Taken together, the present study demonstrated that LINC00460 promoted
metastasis of CRC by sponging miR-149-5p and thereby affecting
biglycan expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyan Ruan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 74566The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Shourong Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junying Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 74566The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju-Ying Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 74566The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
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17
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Huang H, Zhang D, Fu J, Zhao L, Li D, Sun H, Liu X, Xu J, Tian T, Zhang L, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. Tsukushi is a novel prognostic biomarker and correlates with tumor-infiltrating B cells in non-small cell lung cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:4428-4451. [PMID: 33428594 PMCID: PMC7906171 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A recent study has reported that tsukushi (TSKU) may be related to the development of lung cancer. However, few studies focused on if TSKU associated with the prognosis and immune infiltration cells in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The effect of TSKU expression on prognosis with NSCLC was analyzed in the PrognoScan database and validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas. The composition of tumor infiltrating cells was quantified by methylation and expression data. We combined levels of tumor infiltrating cells with TSKU to evaluate the survival of patients. The analysis of a cohort (GSE31210, N=204) of lung cancer patients demonstrated that high TSKU expression was strongly associated with poor overall survival (P =1.90E-05). The combination of high TSKU expression and low infiltration B cells identified a subtype of patients with poor survival in NSCLC. Besides, the proportion of B cells in NSCLC patients with TSKU hypermethylation were higher than those patients with TSKU hypomethylation (P <0.001). Overall, high TSKU expression combined with low infiltration of B cells may associate with a poor prognosis of NSCLC patients. TSKU might be a potential prognostic biomarker involved in tumor immune infiltration in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinming Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongru Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yashuang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
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18
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Liu J, Sun GL, Pan SL, Qin MB, Ouyang R, Huang JA. Identification of hub genes in colon cancer via bioinformatics analysis. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520953234. [PMID: 32961078 PMCID: PMC7513414 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520953234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate hub genes and their prognostic value in colon
cancer via bioinformatics analysis. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of expression profiles (GSE33113,
GSE20916, and GSE37364) obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were
identified using the GEO2R tool and Venn diagram software. Function and
pathway enrichment analyses were performed, and a protein–protein
interaction (PPI) network was constructed. Hub genes were verified based on
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases. Results We identified 207 DEGs, 62 upregulated and 145 downregulated genes, enriched
in Gene Ontology terms “organic anion transport,” “extracellular matrix,”
and “receptor ligand activity”, and in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and
Genomes pathway “cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction.” The PPI network
was constructed and nine hub genes were selected by survival analysis and
expression validation. We verified these genes in the TCGA database and
selected three potential predictors (ZG16,
TIMP1, and BGN) that met the
independent predictive criteria. TIMP1 and
BGN were upregulated in patients with a high cancer
risk, whereas ZG16 was downregulated. The immunostaining
results from HPA supported these findings. Conclusion This study indicates that these hub genes may be promising prognostic
indicators or therapeutic targets for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liu Zhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Li Sun
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Shang-Ling Pan
- Departments of Pathophysiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Bin Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Rong Ouyang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liu Zhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Jie-An Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
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19
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Ferdoushi A, Li X, Griffin N, Faulkner S, Jamaluddin MFB, Gao F, Jiang CC, van Helden DF, Tanwar PS, Jobling P, Hondermarck H. Schwann Cell Stimulation of Pancreatic Cancer Cells: A Proteomic Analysis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1601. [PMID: 32984024 PMCID: PMC7477957 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs), the glial component of peripheral nerves, have been identified as promoters of pancreatic cancer (PC) progression, but the molecular mechanisms are unclear. In the present study, we aimed to identify proteins released by SCs that could stimulate PC growth and invasion. Proteomic analysis of human primary SC secretome was performed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and a total of 13,796 unique peptides corresponding to 1,470 individual proteins were identified. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment were conducted using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. Metabolic and cell–cell adhesion pathways showed the highest levels of enrichment, a finding in line with the supportive role of SCs in peripheral nerves. We identified seven SC-secreted proteins that were validated by western blot. The involvement of these SC-secreted proteins was further demonstrated by using blocking antibodies. PC cell proliferation and invasion induced by SC-conditioned media were decreased using blocking antibodies against the matrix metalloproteinase-2, cathepsin D, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and galectin-1. Blocking antibodies against the proteoglycan biglycan, galectin-3 binding protein, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 decreased only the proliferation but not the invasion of PC cells. Together, this study delineates the secretome of human SCs and identifies proteins that can stimulate PC cell growth and invasion and therefore constitute potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Ferdoushi
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Nathan Griffin
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Sam Faulkner
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - M Fairuz B Jamaluddin
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Fangfang Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Chen Chen Jiang
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Dirk F van Helden
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Pradeep S Tanwar
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillip Jobling
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Hubert Hondermarck
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
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Andreuzzi E, Capuano A, Poletto E, Pivetta E, Fejza A, Favero A, Doliana R, Cannizzaro R, Spessotto P, Mongiat M. Role of Extracellular Matrix in Gastrointestinal Cancer-Associated Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3686. [PMID: 32456248 PMCID: PMC7279269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tumors are responsible for more cancer-related fatalities than any other type of tumors, and colorectal and gastric malignancies account for a large part of these diseases. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic approaches to improve the patients' outcome and the tumor microenvironment is a promising arena for the development of such treatments. In fact, the nature of the microenvironment in the different gastrointestinal tracts may significantly influence not only tumor development but also the therapy response. In particular, an important microenvironmental component and a potential therapeutic target is the vasculature. In this context, the extracellular matrix is a key component exerting an active effect in all the hallmarks of cancer, including angiogenesis. Here, we summarized the current knowledge on the role of extracellular matrix in affecting endothelial cell function and intratumoral vascularization in the context of colorectal and gastric cancer. The extracellular matrix acts both directly on endothelial cells and indirectly through its remodeling and the consequent release of growth factors. We envision that a deeper understanding of the role of extracellular matrix and of its remodeling during cancer progression is of chief importance for the development of new, more efficacious, targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Andreuzzi
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.A.); (A.C.); (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Alessandra Capuano
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.A.); (A.C.); (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Evelina Poletto
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.A.); (A.C.); (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Eliana Pivetta
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.A.); (A.C.); (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Albina Fejza
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.A.); (A.C.); (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Andrea Favero
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.A.); (A.C.); (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Roberto Doliana
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.A.); (A.C.); (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Renato Cannizzaro
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Experimental Gastrointestinal Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
| | - Paola Spessotto
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.A.); (A.C.); (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Maurizio Mongiat
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.A.); (A.C.); (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.D.); (P.S.)
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21
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Yamauchi M, Gibbons DL, Zong C, Fradette JJ, Bota-Rabassedas N, Kurie JM. Fibroblast heterogeneity and its impact on extracellular matrix and immune landscape remodeling in cancer. Matrix Biol 2020; 91-92:8-18. [PMID: 32442601 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor progression is marked by dense collagenous matrix accumulations that dynamically reorganize to accommodate a growing and invasive tumor mass. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an essential role in matrix remodeling and influence other processes in the tumor microenvironment, including angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and invasion. These findings have spawned efforts to elucidate CAF functionality at the single-cell level. Here, we will discuss how those efforts have impacted our understanding of the ways in which CAFs govern matrix remodeling and the influence of matrix remodeling on the development of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Yamauchi
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NS, United States
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas - MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chenghang Zong
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jared J Fradette
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas - MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Neus Bota-Rabassedas
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas - MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan M Kurie
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas - MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.
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22
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Roedig H, Damiescu R, Zeng-Brouwers J, Kutija I, Trebicka J, Wygrecka M, Schaefer L. Danger matrix molecules orchestrate CD14/CD44 signaling in cancer development. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 62:31-47. [PMID: 31412297 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor matrix together with inflammation and autophagy are crucial regulators of cancer development. Embedded in the tumor stroma are numerous proteoglycans which, in their soluble form, act as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). By interacting with innate immune receptors, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), DAMPs autonomously trigger aseptic inflammation and can regulate autophagy. Biglycan, a known danger proteoglycan, can regulate the cross-talk between inflammation and autophagy by evoking a switch between pro-inflammatory CD14 and pro-autophagic CD44 co-receptors for TLRs. Thus, these novel mechanistic insights provide some explanation for the plethora of reports indicating that the same matrix-derived DAMP acts either as a promoter or suppressor of tumor growth. In this review we will summarize and critically discuss the role of the matrix-derived DAMPs biglycan, hyaluronan, and versican in regulating the TLR-, CD14- and CD44-signaling dialogue between inflammation and autophagy with particular emphasis on cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Roedig
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roxana Damiescu
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jinyang Zeng-Brouwers
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Iva Kutija
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Clinic Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Huang HC, Cai BH, Suen CS, Lee HY, Hwang MJ, Liu FT, Kannagi R. BGN/TLR4/NF-B Mediates Epigenetic Silencing of Immunosuppressive Siglec Ligands in Colon Cancer Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020397. [PMID: 32050430 PMCID: PMC7072454 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling plays a vital role in intestinal inflammation by activating the NF-κB pathway. By querying GENT2 datasets, we identified the gene expression level of TLR2 and TLR4 as being substantially increased in colorectal cancer. Introduction of shRNAs for TLR4 but not TLR2 dramatically recovered disialyl Lewisa and sialyl 6-sulfo Lewisx glycans, which are preferentially expressed in non-malignant colonic epithelial cells and could serve as ligands for the immunosuppressive molecule Siglec-7. We screened several TLR4 ligands and found that among them BGN is highly expressed in cancers and is involved in the epigenetic silencing of Siglec-7 ligands. Suppression of BGN expression substantially downregulated NF-κB activity and the marker H3K27me3 in the promoter regions of the SLC26A2 and ST6GalNAc6 genes, which are involved in the synthesis of those glycans, and restored expression of normal glycans as well as Siglec-7 binding activities. We show that in the presence of TLR4, inflammatory stimuli initiate a positive loop involving NF-κB that activates BGN and further enhances TLR4 activity. Present findings indicate a putative mechanism for the promotion of carcinogenesis by loss of immunosuppressive ligands by the BGN/TLR4/ NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Chi Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan (B.-H.C.); (C.-S.S.); (H.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (F.-T.L.)
| | - Bi-He Cai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan (B.-H.C.); (C.-S.S.); (H.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (F.-T.L.)
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shu Suen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan (B.-H.C.); (C.-S.S.); (H.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (F.-T.L.)
| | - Hsueh-Yi Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan (B.-H.C.); (C.-S.S.); (H.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (F.-T.L.)
| | - Ming-Jing Hwang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan (B.-H.C.); (C.-S.S.); (H.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (F.-T.L.)
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan (B.-H.C.); (C.-S.S.); (H.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (F.-T.L.)
| | - Reiji Kannagi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan (B.-H.C.); (C.-S.S.); (H.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (F.-T.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-26523971
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Azimi A, Yang P, Ali M, Howard V, Mann GJ, Kaufman KL, Fernandez-Penas P. Data Independent Acquisition Proteomic Analysis Can Discriminate between Actinic Keratosis, Bowen’s Disease, and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:212-222.e11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.06.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Identifies Hub Genes Associated with the Pathogenesis and Prognosis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2615921. [PMID: 31950035 PMCID: PMC6948276 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2615921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) accounts for over 90% of all esophageal tumors. However, the molecular mechanism underlying ESCC development and prognosis remains unclear, and there are still no effective molecular biomarkers for diagnosing or predicting the clinical outcome of patients with ESCC. Here, using bioinformatics analyses, we attempted to identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ESCC. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ESCC and normal esophageal tissue samples were obtained through comprehensive analysis of three publicly available gene expression profile datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The biological roles of the DEGs were identified by Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Moreover, the Cytoscape 3.7.1 platform and subsidiary tools such as Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) and CytoHubba were used to visualize the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs and identify hub genes. A total of 345 DEGs were identified between normal esophageal and ESCC samples, which were enriched in the KEGG pathways of the cell cycle, endocytosis, pancreatic secretion, and fatty acid metabolism. Two of the highest scoring models were selected from the PPI network using Molecular Complex Detection. Moreover, CytoHubba revealed 21 hub genes with a valuable influence on the progression of ESCC in these patients. Among these, the high expression levels of five genes-SPP1, SPARC, BGN, POSTN, and COL1A2-were associated with poor disease-free survival of ESCC patients, as indicated by survival analysis. Taken together, we identified that elevated expression of five hub genes, including SPP1, is associated with poor prognosis in ESCC patients, which may serve as potential prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Prognostic value and association with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and molecular subtypes of the proteoglycan biglycan in advanced bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 2019; 37:530.e9-530.e18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Mishra S, Bernal C, Silvano M, Anand S, Ruiz I Altaba A. The protein secretion modulator TMED9 drives CNIH4/TGFα/GLI signaling opposing TMED3-WNT-TCF to promote colon cancer metastases. Oncogene 2019; 38:5817-5837. [PMID: 31253868 PMCID: PMC6755966 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0845-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
How cells in primary tumors initially become pro-metastatic is not understood. A previous genome-wide RNAi screen uncovered colon cancer metastatic suppressor and WNT promoting functions of TMED3, a member of the p24 ER-to-Golgi protein secretion family. Repression of canonical WNT signaling upon knockdown (kd) of TMED3 might thus be sufficient to drive metastases. However, searching for transcriptional influences on other family members here we find that TMED3 kd leads to enhanced TMED9, that TMED9 acts downstream of TMED3 and that TMED9 kd compromises metastasis. Importantly, TMED9 pro-metastatic function is linked to but distinct from the repression of TMED3-WNT-TCF signaling. Functional rescue of the migratory deficiency of TMED9 kd cells identifies TGFα as a mediator of TMED9 pro-metastatic activity. Moreover, TMED9 kd compromises the biogenesis, and thus function, of TGFα. Analyses in three colon cancer cell types highlight a TMED9-dependent gene set that includes CNIH4, a member of the CORNICHON family of TGFα exporters. Our data indicate that TGFA and CNIH4, which display predictive value for disease-free survival, promote colon cancer cell metastatic behavior, and suggest that TMED9 pro-metastatic function involves the modulation of the secretion of TGFα ligand. Finally, TMED9/TMED3 antagonism impacts WNT-TCF and GLI signaling, where TMED9 primacy over TMED3 leads to the establishment of a positive feedback loop together with CNIH4, TGFα, and GLI1 that enhances metastases. We propose that primary colon cancer cells can transition between two states characterized by secretion-transcription regulatory loops gated by TMED3 and TMED9 that modulate their metastatic proclivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonakshi Mishra
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Bernal
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Silvano
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Santosh Anand
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ariel Ruiz I Altaba
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
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28
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Gubbiotti MA, Buraschi S, Kapoor A, Iozzo RV. Proteoglycan signaling in tumor angiogenesis and endothelial cell autophagy. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 62:1-8. [PMID: 31078640 PMCID: PMC7864242 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The need for more effective cancer therapies is omnipresent as the ever-complex, and highly adaptive, mechanisms of tumor biology allow this disease to elude even the most stringent treatment options. The expanding field of proteoglycan signaling is enticing as a reservoir of potential drug targets and prospects for novel therapeutic strategies. The newest trend in proteoglycan biology is the interplay between extracellular signaling and autophagy fueled by the close link between autophagy and angiogenesis. Here we summarize the most current evidence surrounding proteoglycan signaling in both of these biological processes featuring the well-known suspects, decorin and perlecan, as well as other up-and-coming neophytes in this evolving signaling web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Gubbiotti
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College and Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Simone Buraschi
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College and Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Aastha Kapoor
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College and Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College and Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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29
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Gomig THB, Cavalli IJ, Souza RLRD, Vieira E, Lucena ACR, Batista M, Machado KC, Marchini FK, Marchi FA, Lima RS, de Andrade Urban C, Cavalli LR, Ribeiro EMDSF. Quantitative label-free mass spectrometry using contralateral and adjacent breast tissues reveal differentially expressed proteins and their predicted impacts on pathways and cellular functions in breast cancer. J Proteomics 2019; 199:1-14. [PMID: 30772490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteins play an essential role in the biological processes associated with cancer. Their altered expression levels can deregulate critical cellular pathways and interactive networks. In this study, the mass spectrometry-based label-free quantification followed by functional annotation was performed to investigate the most significant deregulated proteins among tissues of primary breast tumor (PT) and axillary metastatic lymph node (LN) and corresponding non-tumor tissues contralateral (NCT) and adjacent (ANT) from patients diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma. A total of 462 proteins was observed as differentially expressed (DEPs) among the groups analyzed. A high level of similarity was observed in the proteome profile of both non-tumor breast tissues and DEPs (n = 12) were mainly predicted in the RNA metabolism. The DEPs among the malignant and non-tumor breast tissues [n = 396 (PTxNCT) and n = 410 (LNxNCT)] were related to pathways of the LXR/RXR, NO, eNOS, eIF2 and sirtuins, tumor-related functions, fatty acid metabolism and oxidative stress. Remarkable similarity was observed between both malignant tissues, which the DEPs were related to metastatic capabilities. Altogether, our findings revealed differential proteomic profiles that affected cancer associated and interconnected signaling processes. Validation studies are recommended to demonstrate the potential of individual proteins and/or pathways as biological markers in breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: The proteomic analysis of this study revealed high similarity in the proteomic profile of the contralateral and adjacent non-tumor breast tissues. Significant differences were identified among the proteome of the malignant and non-tumor tissue groups of the same patients, providing relevant insights into the hallmarks, signaling pathways, biological functions, and interactive protein networks that act during tumorigenesis and breast cancer progression. These proteins are suggested as targets of relevant interest to be explored as potential biological markers related to tumor development and metastatic progression in the breast cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Evelyn Vieira
- Genetics Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Michel Batista
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil; Mass Spectrometry Facility - RPT02H, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | | | - Fabricio Klerynton Marchini
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil; Mass Spectrometry Facility - RPT02H, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luciane Regina Cavalli
- Research Institute Pele Pequeno Principe, Curitiba, Brazil; Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, USA
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Small Leucine Rich Proteoglycans (decorin, biglycan and lumican) in cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 491:1-7. [PMID: 30629950 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) prevents invasion of tumour cells and possesses an intrinsic mechanism to down-regulate signalling processes that promote cancer proliferation. Small Leucine Rich Proteoglycans (SLRPs) are ubiquitous ECM components involved in matrix structural organization and as such can potentially regulate cancer cell multiplication, angiogenesis and migration. Decorin, a class I SLRP that modulates collagen fibrillogenesis, also functions as a natural pan-tyrosine kinase inhibitor to reduce tumour growth. In fact, decreased decorin expression has been associated with tumour aggressiveness and lower survival. In contrast, biglycan, another class I SLRP, was highly expressed in cancer and was associated with metastatic activity and lower survival. Tissue expression of lumican, a class II SLRP, was associated with clinical outcome and appears tumour specific. Recently, decorin, biglycan and lumican were found to be potential biomarkers in bladder cancer. This review updates our current understanding on the molecular interplay and significance of decorin, biglycan and lumican expression in cancer.
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31
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Xu L, Tang L, Zhang L. Proteoglycans as miscommunication biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 162:59-92. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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32
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Eskandari E, Mahjoubi F, Motalebzadeh J. An integrated study on TFs and miRNAs in colorectal cancer metastasis and evaluation of three co-regulated candidate genes as prognostic markers. Gene 2018; 679:150-159. [PMID: 30193961 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Molecular alterations that occur in cancer have the potential to be considered as either cancer biomarkers or targeted therapies or even both. In the presented study, we aimed to elucidate the gene regulatory network of metastatic colorectal cancer using data acquired from microarrays to reach the most common DEGs in colorectal cancer metastasis and find their possible regulatory mechanism by DETFs and DEmiRs. In this regards, seven microarray datasets were employed to assess the most important DEGs, DETFs and DEmiRs in colorectal cancer metastasis. Afterward, GRN based on DETFs and DEmiRs were constructed. Also ARACNE algorithm was used to construct an accurate GRN. GRN was analyzed structurally and then, two DETFs (LEF1 and ETV4) and a less-well known DEG (FABP6) by real time qRT-PCR in 50 patients with colorectal cancer were quantified. The constructed GRN highlighted the importance of some DETFs and DEmiRs in colorectal cancer metastasis. Interestingly the gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR on three candidate genes (LEF1, ETV4 and FABP6) indicated that the three genes were co-expressed in tumor samples, and were significantly associated with metastasis in colorectal cancer. Therefore, our experimental results proved a part of our comprehensive data analysis and system biology results. In summary, according to our empirical study we found the importance of three candidate genes as the potent prognostic factors in colorectal cancer metastasis. Also our study in a holistic insight on gene regulatory mechanism revealed the importance of some gene regulatory factors (DETFs and DEmiRs) and their potential as prognostic factors and/or targets in molecular targeted therapies in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Eskandari
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Frouzandeh Mahjoubi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamshid Motalebzadeh
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
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Heinrich MC, Göbel C, Kluth M, Bernreuther C, Sauer C, Schroeder C, Möller-Koop C, Hube-Magg C, Lebok P, Burandt E, Sauter G, Simon R, Huland H, Graefen M, Heinzer H, Schlomm T, Heumann A. PSCA expression is associated with favorable tumor features and reduced PSA recurrence in operated prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:612. [PMID: 29855276 PMCID: PMC5984312 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate Stem Cell Antigen (PSCA) is frequently expressed in prostate cancer but its exact function is unclear. Methods To clarify contradictory findings on the prognostic role of PSCA expression, a tissue microarray containing 13,665 prostate cancers was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results PSCA staining was absent in normal epithelial and stromal cells of the prostate. Membranous and cytoplasmic PSCA staining was seen in 53.7% of 9642 interpretable tumors. Staining was weak in 22.4%, moderate in 24.5% and strong in 6.8% of tumors. PSCA expression was associated with favorable pathological and clinical tumor features: Early pathological tumor stage (p < 0.0001), low Gleason grade (p < 0.0001), absence of lymph node metastasis (p < 0.0001), low pre-operative PSA level (p = 0.0118), negative surgical margin (p < 0.0001) and reduced PSA recurrence (p < 0.0001). PSCA expression was an independent predictor of prognosis in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 0.84, p < 0.0001). Conclusions The absence of statistical relationship to TMPRSS2:ERG fusion status, chromosomal deletion or high tumor cell proliferation argues against a major role of PSCA for regulation of cell cycle or genomic integrity. PSCA expression is linked to favorable prognosis. PSCA measurement is a candidate for inclusion in multi-parametric prognostic prostate cancer tests. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4547-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christine Heinrich
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cosima Göbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Sauer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Schroeder
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Möller-Koop
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Urology, Section for translational Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Asmus Heumann
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Hojo T, Maishi N, Towfik AM, Akiyama K, Ohga N, Shindoh M, Hida Y, Minowa K, Fujisawa T, Hida K. ROS enhance angiogenic properties via regulation of NRF2 in tumor endothelial cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45484-45495. [PMID: 28525375 PMCID: PMC5542202 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are unstable molecules that activate oxidative stress. Because of the insufficient blood flow in tumors, the tumor microenvironment is often exposed to hypoxic condition and nutrient deprivation, which induces ROS accumulation. We isolated tumor endothelial cells (TECs) and found that they have various abnormalities, although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we showed that ROS were accumulated in tumor blood vessels and ROS enhanced TEC migration with upregulation of several angiogenesis related gene expressions. It was also demonstrated that these genes were upregulated by regulation of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). Among these genes, we focused on Biglycan, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan. Inhibition of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4, known BIGLYCAN (BGN) receptors, cancelled the TEC motility stimulated by ROS. ROS inhibited NRF2 expression in TECs but not in NECs, and NRF2 inhibited phosphorylation of SMAD2/3, which activates transcription of BGN. These results indicated that ROS-induced BGN caused the pro-angiogenic phenotype in TECs via NRF2 dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Hojo
- Vascular Biology, Frontier Research Unit, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan.,Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Nako Maishi
- Vascular Biology, Frontier Research Unit, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Alam Mohammad Towfik
- Vascular Biology, Frontier Research Unit, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan.,Department of Dental Radiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Kosuke Akiyama
- Vascular Biology, Frontier Research Unit, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Noritaka Ohga
- Vascular Biology, Frontier Research Unit, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan.,Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Masanobu Shindoh
- Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hida
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Minowa
- Department of Dental Radiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Fujisawa
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hida
- Vascular Biology, Frontier Research Unit, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
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Andrlová H, Mastroianni J, Madl J, Kern JS, Melchinger W, Dierbach H, Wernet F, Follo M, Technau-Hafsi K, Has C, Rao Mittapalli V, Idzko M, Herr R, Brummer T, Ungefroren H, Busch H, Boerries M, Narr A, Ihorst G, Vennin C, Schmitt-Graeff A, Minguet S, Timpson P, Duyster J, Meiss F, Römer W, Zeiser R. Biglycan expression in the melanoma microenvironment promotes invasiveness via increased tissue stiffness inducing integrin-β1 expression. Oncotarget 2018; 8:42901-42916. [PMID: 28476030 PMCID: PMC5522114 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel targeted and immunotherapeutic approaches have revolutionized the treatment of metastatic melanoma. A better understanding of the melanoma-microenvironment, in particular the interaction of cells with extracellular matrix molecules, may help to further improve these new therapeutic strategies.We observed that the extracellular matrix molecule biglycan (Bgn) was expressed in certain human melanoma cells and primary fibroblasts when evaluated by microarray-based gene expression analysis. Bgn expression in the melanoma tissues correlated with low overall-survival and low progression-free-survival in patients. To understand the functional role of Bgn we used gene-targeted mice lacking functional Bgn. Here we observed that melanoma growth, metastasis-formation and tumor-related death were reduced in Bgn-/- mice compared to Bgn+/+ mice. In vitro invasion of melanoma cells into organotypic-matrices derived from Bgn-/- fibroblasts was reduced compared to melanoma invasion into Bgn-proficient matrices. Tissue stiffness as determined by atomic-force-microscopy was reduced in Bgn-/- matrices. Isolation of melanoma cells and fibroblasts from the stiffer Bgn+/+ matrices revealed an increase in integrin-β1 expression compared to the Bgn-/- fibroblast matrices. Overexpression of integrin-β1 in B16-melanoma cells abolished the survival benefit seen in Bgn-/- mice. Consistent with the studies performed in mice, the abundance of Bgn-expression in human melanoma samples positively correlated with the expression of integrin-β1, which is in agreement with results from the organotypic invasion-assay and the in vivo mouse studies.This study describes a novel role for Bgn-related tissue stiffness in the melanoma-microenvironment via regulation of integrin-β1 expression by melanoma cells in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Andrlová
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Justin Mastroianni
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Josef Madl
- Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes S Kern
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Melchinger
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heide Dierbach
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Wernet
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Technau-Hafsi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Marco Idzko
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ricarda Herr
- Institut für Molekulare Medizin und Zellforschung, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tilman Brummer
- Institut für Molekulare Medizin und Zellforschung, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Hauke Busch
- First Department of Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Institut für Molekulare Medizin und Zellforschung, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Narr
- Department of Immunology, BIOSS Center for Biological Signaling Studies, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency CCI, University Clinics and Medical Faculty, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Ihorst
- Clinical Trials Unit, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claire Vennin
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Annette Schmitt-Graeff
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susana Minguet
- Department of Immunology, BIOSS Center for Biological Signaling Studies, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency CCI, University Clinics and Medical Faculty, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paul Timpson
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frank Meiss
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Römer
- Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Subbarayan K, Leisz S, Wickenhauser C, Bethmann D, Massa C, Steven A, Seliger B. Biglycan-mediated upregulation of MHC class I expression in HER-2/neu-transformed cells. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1373233. [PMID: 29632715 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1373233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix protein biglycan (BGN) has oncogenic or tumor suppressive potential depending on the cellular origin. HER-2/neu overexpression in murine fibroblasts and human model systems is inversely correlated with BGN expression. Upon its restoration BGNhigh HER-2/neu+ fibroblasts were less tumorigenic in immune competent mice when compared to BGNlow/neg HER-2/neu+ cells, which was associated with enhanced immune cell responses and higher frequencies of immune effector cells in tumors and peripheral blood. The increased immunogenicity of BGNhigh HER-2/neu+ fibroblasts appears to be due to upregulated MHC class I surface antigens and reduced expression levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β isoforms and the TGF-β receptor 1 suggesting a link between BGN, TGF-β pathway and HER-2/neu-mediated downregulation of MHC class I antigens. Treatment of BGNlow/neg HER-2/neu+ cells with recombinant BGN or an inhibitor of TGF-β enhanced MHC class I surface antigens in BGNlow/neg HER-2/neu-overexpressing murine fibroblasts, which was mediated by a transcriptional upregulation of major MHC class I antigen processing components. Furthermore, BGN expression in HER-2/neu+ cells was accompanied by an increased expression of the proteoglycan decorin (DCN). Since recombinant DCN also elevated MHC class I surface expression in BGNlow/neg HER-2/neu+ cells, both proteoglycans might act synergistically. This was in accordance with in silico analyses of mRNA data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset available for breast cancer (BC) patients. Thus, our data provide for the first time evidence that proteoglycan signatures are modulated by HER-2/neu and linked to MHC class I-mediated immune escape associated with an altered TGF-β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Subbarayan
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle/ Saale, Germany
| | - Sandra Leisz
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle/ Saale, Germany
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle/ Saale, Germany
| | - Daniel Bethmann
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle/ Saale, Germany
| | - Chiara Massa
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle/ Saale, Germany
| | - André Steven
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle/ Saale, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle/ Saale, Germany
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Theocharis AD, Karamanos NK. Proteoglycans remodeling in cancer: Underlying molecular mechanisms. Matrix Biol 2017; 75-76:220-259. [PMID: 29128506 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix is a highly dynamic macromolecular network. Proteoglycans are major components of extracellular matrix playing key roles in its structural organization and cell signaling contributing to the control of numerous normal and pathological processes. As multifunctional molecules, proteoglycans participate in various cell functions during morphogenesis, wound healing, inflammation and tumorigenesis. Their interactions with matrix effectors, cell surface receptors and enzymes enable them with unique properties. In malignancy, extensive remodeling of tumor stroma is associated with marked alterations in proteoglycans' expression and structural variability. Proteoglycans exert diverse functions in tumor stroma in a cell-specific and context-specific manner and they mainly contribute to the formation of a permissive provisional matrix for tumor growth affecting tissue organization, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and tumor cell signaling. Proteoglycans also modulate cancer cell phenotype and properties, the development of drug resistance and tumor stroma angiogenesis. This review summarizes the proteoglycans remodeling and their novel biological roles in malignancies with particular emphasis to the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas D Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
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Up-regulation of Biglycan is Associated with Poor Prognosis and PTEN Deletion in Patients with Prostate Cancer. Neoplasia 2017; 19:707-715. [PMID: 28830008 PMCID: PMC5565634 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biglycan (BGN), a proteoglycan of the extracellular matrix, is included in mRNA signatures for prostate cancer aggressiveness. To understand the impact of BGN on prognosis and its relationship to molecularly defined subsets, we analyzed BGN expression by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray containing 12,427 prostate cancers. Seventy-eight percent of 11,050 interpretable cancers showed BGN expression, which was considered as low intensity in 47.7% and as high intensity in 31.1% of cancers. BGN protein expression rose with increasing pathological tumor stage, Gleason grade, lymph node metastasis and early PSA recurrence (P<.0001 each). Comparison with our molecular database attached to the TMA revealed that BGN expression was linked to presence of TMPRRS2:ERG fusion and PTEN deletion (P<.0001 each). In addition, BGN was strongly linked to androgen-receptor (AR) levels (P<.0001), suggesting a hormone-depending regulation of BGN. BGN up-regulation is a frequent feature of prostate cancer that parallels tumor progression and may be useful to estimate tumor aggressiveness particularly if combined with other molecular markers.
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Schaefer L, Tredup C, Gubbiotti MA, Iozzo RV. Proteoglycan neofunctions: regulation of inflammation and autophagy in cancer biology. FEBS J 2017; 284:10-26. [PMID: 27860287 PMCID: PMC5226885 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and autophagy have emerged as prominent issues in the context of proteoglycan signaling. In particular, two small, leucine-rich proteoglycans, biglycan and decorin, play pivotal roles in the regulation of these vital cellular pathways and, as such, are intrinsically involved in cancer initiation and progression. In this minireview, we will address novel functions of biglycan and decorin in inflammation and autophagy, and analyze new emerging signaling events triggered by these proteoglycans, which directly or indirectly modulate these processes. We will critically discuss the dual role of proteoglycan-driven inflammation and autophagy in tumor biology, and delineate the potential mechanisms through which soluble extracellular matrix constituents affect the microenvironment associated with inflammatory and neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claudia Tredup
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maria A. Gubbiotti
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
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TAp73 loss favors Smad-independent TGF-β signaling that drives EMT in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1358-70. [PMID: 26943320 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances made in pancreatic cancer therapy have been far from sufficient and have allowed only a slight improvement in global survival of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Recent progresses in chemotherapy have offered some hope for an otherwise gloomy outlook, however, only a limited number of patients are eligible because of important cytotoxicity. In this context, enhancing our knowledge on PDA initiation and evolution is crucial to highlight certain weaknesses on which to specifically target therapy. We found that loss of transcriptionally active p73 (TAp73), a p53 family member, impacted PDA development. In two relevant and specific engineered pancreatic cancer mouse models, we observed that TAp73 deficiency reduced survival and enhanced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Through proteomic analysis of conditioned media from TAp73 wild-type (WT) and deficient pancreatic tumor cells, we identified a secreted protein, biglycan (BGN), which is necessary and sufficient to mediate this pro-EMT effect. Interestingly, BGN is modulated by and modulates the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway, a key regulator of the EMT process. We further examined this link and revealed that TAp73 impacts the TGF-β pathway by direct regulation of BGN expression and Sma and Mad-related proteins (SMADs) expression/activity. Absence of TAp73 leads to activation of TGF-β signaling through a SMAD-independent pathway, favoring oncogenic TGF-β effects and EMT. Altogether, our data highlight the implication of TAp73 in the aggressiveness of pancreatic carcinogenesis through modulation of the TGF-β signaling. By suggesting TAp73 as a predictive marker for response to TGF-β inhibitors, our study could improve the classification of PDA patients with a view to offering combined therapy involving TGF-β inhibitors.
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Urachal Carcinoma of the Bladder: Impact of Clinical and Immunohistochemical Parameters on Prognosis. J Urol 2015; 195:1690-6. [PMID: 26678957 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Urachal carcinoma of the bladder is a rare malignancy. Its histological phenotype is similar to that of primary bladder and colorectal adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to explore the expression and prognostic relevance of 6 select protein markers of urachal carcinoma of the bladder, including p53, Ki67, RHAMM, BGN, IMP3 and MMP-7, which were formerly shown to be prognostic in urothelial carcinoma and colorectal adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical and followup data were obtained on a total of 26 patients with urachal carcinoma of the bladder treated at 2 university hospitals. Immunohistochemical analysis of p53, Ki67, RHAMM, BGN, IMP3 and MMP-7 expression was performed in samples from 15 patients. Clinicopathological parameters and immunohistochemical results were tested for prognostic value on univariable and multivariable analyses. RESULTS Followup was 50 months. Five-year overall and progression-free survival was 46% and 32%, respectively. On multivariable analysis a positive resection margin was an independent predictor of poor overall survival (p = 0.025). RHAMM (p = 0.0431), IMP3 (p = 0.0052), Ki67 (p = 0.0006) and p53 (p = 0.0024) expression rates were significantly increased in urachal carcinoma of the bladder cells compared to normal urothelium. IMP3 was elevated in Sheldon tumor stage IIIA compared to IIIB or greater (p = 0.0048). None of the analyzed protein markers was associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS The independent prognostic value of a positive resection margin underlines the importance of complete surgical removal of urachal carcinoma of the bladder combined with en bloc resection of the median umbilical ligament and umbilicus. Our results in a limited number of samples show that Ki67, p53, RHAMM and IMP3 expression is enhanced but has no prognostic significance in urachal carcinoma of the bladder.
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XING XIAOJING, GU XIAOHU, MA TIANFEI. Knockdown of biglycan expression by RNA interference inhibits the proliferation and invasion of, and induces apoptosis in, the HCT116 colon cancer cell line. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7538-44. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Klamer S, Voermans C. The role of novel and known extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules in the homeostatic and regenerative bone marrow microenvironment. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 8:563-77. [PMID: 25482635 PMCID: PMC4594522 DOI: 10.4161/19336918.2014.968501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of haematopoietic stem cells and differentiation of committed progenitors occurs in highly specialized niches. The interactions of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with cells, growth factors and extracellular matrix (ECM) components of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment control homeostasis of HSPCs. We only start to understand the complexity of the haematopoietic niche(s) that comprises endosteal, arterial, sinusoidal, mesenchymal and neuronal components. These distinct niches produce a broad range of soluble factors and adhesion molecules that modulate HSPC fate during normal hematopoiesis and BM regeneration. Adhesive interactions between HSPCs and the microenvironment will influence their localization and differentiation potential. In this review we highlight the current understanding of the functional role of ECM- and adhesion (regulating) molecules in the haematopoietic niche during homeostatic and regenerative hematopoiesis. This knowledge may lead to the improvement of current cellular therapies and more efficient development of future cellular products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofieke Klamer
- a Department of Hematopoiesis; Sanquin Research; Landsteiner Laboratory; Academic Medical Centre ; University of Amsterdam ; Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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Theocharis AD, Skandalis SS, Neill T, Multhaupt HAB, Hubo M, Frey H, Gopal S, Gomes A, Afratis N, Lim HC, Couchman JR, Filmus J, Sanderson RD, Schaefer L, Iozzo RV, Karamanos NK. Insights into the key roles of proteoglycans in breast cancer biology and translational medicine. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1855:276-300. [PMID: 25829250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans control numerous normal and pathological processes, among which are morphogenesis, tissue repair, inflammation, vascularization and cancer metastasis. During tumor development and growth, proteoglycan expression is markedly modified in the tumor microenvironment. Altered expression of proteoglycans on tumor and stromal cell membranes affects cancer cell signaling, growth and survival, cell adhesion, migration and angiogenesis. Despite the high complexity and heterogeneity of breast cancer, the rapid evolution in our knowledge that proteoglycans are among the key players in the breast tumor microenvironment suggests their potential as pharmacological targets in this type of cancer. It has been recently suggested that pharmacological treatment may target proteoglycan metabolism, their utilization as targets for immunotherapy or their direct use as therapeutic agents. The diversity inherent in the proteoglycans that will be presented herein provides the potential for multiple layers of regulation of breast tumor behavior. This review summarizes recent developments concerning the biology of selected proteoglycans in breast cancer, and presents potential targeted therapeutic approaches based on their novel key roles in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas D Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Hinke A B Multhaupt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mario Hubo
- University of Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Helena Frey
- University of Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Sandeep Gopal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Angélica Gomes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikos Afratis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hooi Ching Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John R Couchman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorge Filmus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Ralph D Sanderson
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology, UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1720 2nd Ave. S, WTI 602B, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- University of Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
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Suhovskih AV, Aidagulova SV, Kashuba VI, Grigorieva EV. Proteoglycans as potential microenvironmental biomarkers for colon cancer. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 361:833-44. [PMID: 25715761 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation changes occur widely in colon tumours, suggesting glycosylated molecules as potential biomarkers for colon cancer diagnostics. In this study, proteoglycans (PGs) expression levels and their transcriptional patterns are investigated in human colon tumours in vivo and carcinoma cells in vitro. According to RT-PCR analysis, normal and cancer colon tissues expressed a specific set of PGs (syndecan-1, perlecan, decorin, biglycan, versican, NG2/CSPG4, serglycin, lumican, CD44), while the expression of glypican-1, brevican and aggrecan was almost undetectable. Overall transcriptional activity of the PGs in normal and cancer tissues was similar, although expression patterns were different. Expression of decorin and perlecan was down-regulated 2-fold in colon tumours, while biglycan and versican expression was significantly up-regulated (6-fold and 3-fold, respectively). Expression of collagen1A1 was also increased 6-fold in colon tumours. However, conventional HCT-116 colon carcinoma and AG2 colon cancer-initiating cells did not express biglycan and decorin and were versican-positive and -negative, respectively, demonstrating an extracellular origin of the PGs in cancer tissue. Selective expression of heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans syndecan-1 and perlecan in the AG2 colon cancer-initiating cell line suggests these PGs as potential biomarkers for cancer stem cells. Overall transcriptional activity of the HS biosynthetic system was similar in normal and cancer tissues, although significant up-regulation of extracellular sulfatases SULF1/2 argues for a possible distortion of HS sulfation patterns in colon tumours. Taken together, the obtained results suggest versican, biglycan, collagen1A1 and SULF1/2 expression as potential microenvironmental biomarkers and/or targets for colon cancer diagnostics and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V Suhovskih
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics SB RAMS, Timakova str 2, Novosibirsk, 630117, Russia
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Abstract
Biglycan (BGN) is an important member of small leucine-rich proteoglycans family, and has been implicated in oncogenesis and development of various human cancer types. Here we report that BGN promotes tumor invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer both in vitro and in vivo. BGN expression is significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues and associated with lymph node metastasis, depth of tumor invasion and TNM stage. BGN enhances gastric cancer cell wound healing, migration and invasion ability as well as the tube formation ability of endothelial cells in vitro. Animal experiments results in vivo are consistent with outcomes in vitro. BGN induces increased phosphorylation of FAK (Tyr576/577, Tyr925 and Tyr397) and Paxillin. These results indicate that BGN is upregulated, and plays an oncogenic role, in gastric cancer metastasis by activating the FAK signaling pathway.
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Biglycan up-regulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and promoted angiogenesis in colon cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:1773-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2779-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Differential regulation of extracellular matrix protein expression in carcinoma-associated fibroblasts by TGF-β1 regulates cancer cell spreading but not adhesion. Oncoscience 2014; 1:634-48. [PMID: 25593993 PMCID: PMC4278277 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression is characterized by a complex reciprocity between neoplastic epithelium and adjacent stromal cells. In ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast, both reduced stromal decorin expression and myxoid stroma are correlated with increased recurrence risk. In this study, we aimed to investigate paracrine regulation of expression of decorin and related extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was identified as a competent ECM modulator, as it reduced decorin and strongly enhanced versican, biglycan and type I collagen expression. Similar but less pronounced effects were observed when fibroblasts were treated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Despite this concerted ECM modulation, TGF-β1 and bFGF differentially regulated alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, which is often proposed as a CAF-marker. Cancer cell-derived secretomes induced versican and biglycan expression in fibroblasts. Immunohistochemistry on twenty DCIS specimens showed a trend toward periductal versican overexpression in DCIS with myxoid stroma. Cancer cell adhesion was inhibited by decorin, but not by CAF-derived matrices. Cancer cells presented significantly enhanced spreading when seeded on matrices derived from TGF-β1-treated CAF. Altogether these data indicate that preinvasive cancerous lesions might modulate the composition of surrounding stroma through TGF-β1 release to obtain an invasion-permissive microenvironment.
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Rybinski B, Franco-Barraza J, Cukierman E. The wound healing, chronic fibrosis, and cancer progression triad. Physiol Genomics 2014; 46:223-44. [PMID: 24520152 PMCID: PMC4035661 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00158.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades tumors have been recognized as "wounds that do not heal." Besides the commonalities that tumors and wounded tissues share, the process of wound healing also portrays similar characteristics with chronic fibrosis. In this review, we suggest a tight interrelationship, which is governed as a concurrence of cellular and microenvironmental reactivity among wound healing, chronic fibrosis, and cancer development/progression (i.e., the WHFC triad). It is clear that the same cell types, as well as soluble and matrix elements that drive wound healing (including regeneration) via distinct signaling pathways, also fuel chronic fibrosis and tumor progression. Hence, here we review the relationship between fibrosis and cancer through the lens of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad Rybinski
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center/Temple Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Nastase MV, Iozzo RV, Schaefer L. Key roles for the small leucine-rich proteoglycans in renal and pulmonary pathophysiology. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2460-70. [PMID: 24508120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) are molecules that have signaling roles in a multitude of biological processes. In this respect, SLRPs play key roles in the evolution of a variety of diseases throughout the human body. SCOPE OF REVIEW We will critically review current developments in the roles of SLRPs in several types of disease of the kidney and lungs. Particular emphasis will be given to the roles of decorin and biglycan, the best characterized members of the SLRP gene family. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS In both renal and pulmonary disorders, SLRPs are essential elements that regulate several pathophysiological processes including fibrosis, inflammation and tumor progression. Decorin has remarkable antifibrotic and antitumorigenic properties and is considered a valuable potential treatment of these diseases. Biglycan can modulate inflammatory processes in lung and renal inflammation and is a potential target in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE SLRPs can serve as either treatment targets or as potential treatment in renal or lung disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Matrix-mediated cell behaviour and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina V Nastase
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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