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Yuan C, Wang Z, Wang Z, Liu W, Li G, Meng J, Wu R, Wu Q, Wang J, Mei W. Novel Chiral Ru(II) Complexes as Potential c-myc G-quadruplex DNA Stabilizers Inducing DNA Damage to Suppress Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010203. [PMID: 36613647 PMCID: PMC9820592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, effective drugs for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are lacking in clinics. c-myc is one of the core members during TNBC tumorigenesis, and G-rich sequences in the promoter region can form a G-quadruplex conformation, indicating that the c-myc inhibitor is a possible strategy to fight cancer. Herein, a series of chiral ruthenium(II) complexes ([Ru(bpy)2(DPPZ-R)](ClO4)2, Λ/Δ-1: R = -H, Λ/Δ-2: R = -Br, Λ/Δ-3: R = -C≡C(C6H4)NH2) were researched based on their interaction with c-myc G-quadruplex DNA. Λ-3 and Δ-3 show high affinity and stability to decrease their replication. Additional studies showed that Λ-3 and Δ-3 exhibit higher inhibition against different tumor cells than other molecules. Δ-3 decreases the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells with an IC50 of 25.51 μM, which is comparable with that of cisplatin, with an IC50 of 25.9 μM. Moreover, Δ-3 exhibits acceptable cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 cells in a zebrafish xenograft breast cancer model. Further studies suggested that Δ-3 decreases the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells predominantly through DNA-damage-mediated apoptosis, which may be because Δ-3 can induce DNA damage. In summary, the results indicate that Ru(II) complexes containing alkinyl groups can be developed as c-myc G-quadruplex DNA binders to block TNBC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanling Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zongtao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guohu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinlan Meng
- Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruzhen Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 530316, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Molecular Probe and Biomedicine Imaging, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (W.M.)
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenjie Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Molecular Probe and Biomedicine Imaging, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (W.M.)
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2
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Yin L, Li Q, Mrdenovic S, Chu GCY, Wu BJ, Bu H, Duan P, Kim J, You S, Lewis MS, Liang G, Wang R, Zhau HE, Chung LWK. KRT13 promotes stemness and drives metastasis in breast cancer through a plakoglobin/c-Myc signaling pathway. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:7. [PMID: 35078507 PMCID: PMC8788068 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Keratins (KRTs) are intermediate filament proteins that interact with multiple regulatory proteins to initiate signaling cascades. Keratin 13 (KRT13) plays an important role in breast cancer progression and metastasis. The objective of this study is to elucidate the mechanism by which KRT13 promotes breast cancer growth and metastasis.
Methods The function and mechanisms of KRT13 in breast cancer progression and metastasis were assessed by overexpression and knockdown followed by examination of altered behaviors in breast cancer cells and in xenograft tumor formation in mouse mammary fat pad. Human breast cancer specimens were examined by immunohistochemistry and multiplexed quantum dot labeling analysis to correlate KRT13 expression to breast cancer progression and metastasis. Results KRT13-overexpressing MCF7 cells displayed increased proliferation, invasion, migration and in vivo tumor growth and metastasis to bone and lung. Conversely, KRT13 knockdown inhibited the aggressive behaviors of HCC1954 cells. At the molecular level, KRT13 directly interacted with plakoglobin (PG, γ-catenin) to form complexes with desmoplakin (DSP). This complex interfered with PG expression and nuclear translocation and abrogated PG-mediated suppression of c-Myc expression, while the KRT13/PG/c-Myc signaling pathway increased epithelial to mesenchymal transition and stem cell-like phenotype. KRT13 expression in 58 human breast cancer tissues was up-regulated especially at the invasive front and in metastatic specimens (12/18) (p < 0.05). KRT13 up-regulation in primary breast cancer was associated with decreased overall patient survival. Conclusions This study reveals that KRT13 promotes breast cancer cell growth and metastasis via a plakoglobin/c-Myc pathway. Our findings reveal a potential novel pathway for therapeutic targeting of breast cancer progression and metastasis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13058-022-01502-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yin
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Boulevard, Atrium 105, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Qinlong Li
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Boulevard, Atrium 105, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Stefan Mrdenovic
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Boulevard, Atrium 105, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Gina Chia-Yi Chu
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Boulevard, Atrium 105, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Boyang Jason Wu
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Boulevard, Atrium 105, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Hong Bu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Duan
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Boulevard, Atrium 105, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sungyong You
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Lewis
- Department of Pathology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gangning Liang
- Department of Urology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruoxiang Wang
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Boulevard, Atrium 105, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Haiyen E Zhau
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Boulevard, Atrium 105, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Leland W K Chung
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Boulevard, Atrium 105, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
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Sheikh-Hosseini M, Larijani B, Gholipoor Kakroodi Z, Shokoohi M, Moarefzadeh M, Sayahpour FA, Goodarzi P, Arjmand B. Gene Therapy as an Emerging Therapeutic Approach to Breast Cancer: New Developments and Challenges. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:1330-1345. [PMID: 33307949 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, which is the consequence of several genetic and environmental factors. Also, it is one of the most common causes of cancer death and second leading cancer among women all around the world. Therefore, it is necessary to develop novel therapeutic approaches useful for the successful treatment of breast cancer. As conventional treatments had limited success, alternative approaches for the treatment of breast cancer have been applied in recent years. Hence, the molecular basis of breast cancer has provided the opportunity of using genetic materials for therapeutic uses. In this regard, gene therapy as one of the potentially efficient and beneficial treatments among various techniques became a popular treatment for different cancers, especially breast cancer. Accordingly, there are plenty of targets available for gene therapy of breast cancer. Gene therapy strategies have the potential to correct molecular defects that contributed to the cancer progression. These techniques should selectively target tumor cells without affecting normal cells. Moreover, data of clinical trials in gene therapy for breast cancer indicated that this approach has little toxicity compared to other therapeutic approaches. In this study, different aspects of breast neoplasm, gene therapy techniques, challenges, and recent developments will be mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahareh Sheikh-Hosseini
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Gholipoor Kakroodi
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Shokoohi
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moarefzadeh
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Azam Sayahpour
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Goodarzi
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Oloomi M, Moazzezy N, Bouzari S. Comparing blood versus tissue-based biomarkers expression in breast cancer patients. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03728. [PMID: 32274439 PMCID: PMC7132155 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular markers have been used as a tool for diagnostic approaches, staging, and evaluation of therapeutic responses in patients with cancer. Cancer molecular markers can also help clinicians to make decision on therapy and prognosis evaluation at the time of diagnosis. In the early diagnosis of breast cancer (BC), estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER/PR) expression levels should be determined through immunohistochemistry (IHC). In molecular genetics, there are some important tissue-based markers that can also be found in blood, such as Mammaglobin (MAM), Cytokeratin 19 (CK19), Mucin (MUC), Proto-oncogene (c-Myc), antigen Ki-67 (Ki67), and Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). In this study, the positive level of the marker genes in both blood and tissue of the BC patients were compared using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. In addition, the importance of blood vs. tissue-based markers in BC diagnosis also demonstrated and is discussed. CEA (O), ERβ, CK19 and, c-Myc molecular markers were significantly different between blood of normal and patients while there was no significant difference of these markers in tissue samples. Blood-based biomarkers can be used for the early diagnosis of BC. Comparing blood versus tissue-based biomarkers indicated that there are correlations between markers in blood and tissue, since blood markers can be substitute to tissue markers in BC patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Oloomi
- Molecular Biology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave., Tehran, 13164, Iran
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5
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Reed DR, Alexandrow MG. Myc and the Replicative CMG Helicase: The Creation and Destruction of Cancer: Myc Over-Activation of CMG Helicases Drives Tumorigenesis and Creates a Vulnerability in CMGs for Therapeutic Intervention. Bioessays 2020; 42:e1900218. [PMID: 32080866 PMCID: PMC8223603 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Myc-driven tumorigenesis involves a non-transcriptional role for Myc in over-activating replicative Cdc45-MCM-GINS (CMG) helicases. Excessive stimulation of CMG helicases by Myc mismanages CMG function by diminishing the number of reserve CMGs necessary for fidelity of DNA replication and recovery from replicative stresses. One potential outcome of these events is the creation of DNA damage that alters genomic structure/function, thereby acting as a driver for tumorigenesis and tumor heterogeneity. Intriguingly, another potential outcome of this Myc-induced CMG helicase over-activation is the creation of a vulnerability in cancer whereby tumor cells specifically lack enough unused reserve CMG helicases to recover from fork-stalling drugs commonly used in chemotherapy. This review provides molecular and clinical support for this provocative hypothesis that excessive activation of CMG helicases by Myc may not only drive tumorigenesis, but also confer an exploitable "reserve CMG helicase vulnerability" that supports developing innovative CMG-focused therapeutic approaches for cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon R Reed
- Department of Interdisciplinary Cancer Management, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Mark G Alexandrow
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
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Cao L, Xu C, Xiang G, Liu F, Liu X, Li C, Liu J, Meng Q, Jiao J, Niu Y. AR-PDEF pathway promotes tumour proliferation and upregulates MYC-mediated gene transcription by promoting MAD1 degradation in ER-negative breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:136. [PMID: 30217192 PMCID: PMC6138935 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in 60%~ 70% oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer (BC) cases and promotes the growth of this cancer subtype. Expression of prostate-derived Ets factor (PDEF), a transcription factor, is highly restricted to epithelial cells in hormone-regulated tissues. MYC and its negative regulator MAD1 play an important role in BC progression. Previously, we found that PDEF expression is strongly correlated with AR expression. However, the relationship between AR and PDEF and the function of PDEF in ER-negative BC proliferation are unclear. Methods AR and PDEF expression in ER-negative BC tissues and cell lines was determined by performing immunohistochemistry or western blotting. Protein expression levels and location were analysed by performing western blotting, RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence staining. Co-immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed to validate the regulation of AR–PDEF–MAD1–MYC axis. Moreover, the effect of AR and PDEF on BC progression was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Results We found that PDEF was overexpressed in ER-negative BC tissues and cell lines and appeared to function as an oncogene. PDEF expression levels were strongly correlated with AR expression in ER-negative BC, and PDEF transcription was positively regulated by AR. PDEF upregulated MYC-mediated gene transcription by promoting MAD1 degradation in ER-negative BC. Finally, we found that compared with the inhibition of AR expression alone, simultaneous inhibition of AR and PDEF expression further suppressed tumour proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Our data highlight the role of the AR–PDEF–MAD1–MYC axis in BC progression and suggest that PDEF can be used as a new clinical therapeutic target for treating ER-negative BC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-018-0883-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cao
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Guomin Xiang
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xiaozhen Liu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Congying Li
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Qingxiang Meng
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yun Niu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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Naab TJ, Gautam A, Ricks-Santi L, Esnakula AK, Kanaan YM, DeWitty RL, Asgedom G, Makambi KH, Abawi M, Blancato JK. MYC amplification in subtypes of breast cancers in African American women. BMC Cancer 2018. [PMID: 29523126 PMCID: PMC5845301 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MYC overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in breast tumors (BCa). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of MYC amplification and associated markers in BCa tumors from African American (AA) women and determine the associations between MYC amplification and clinico-pathological characteristics. Methods We analyzed 70 cases of well characterized archival breast ductal carcinoma specimens from AA women for MYC oncogene amplification. Utilizing immune histochemical analysis estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and (HER2/neu), were assessed. Cases were Luminal A (ER or PR+, Ki-67 < 14%), Luminal B (ER or PR+, Ki-67 = > 14% or ER or PR+ HER2+), HER2 (ER-, PR-, HER2+), and Triple Negative (ER-, PR-, HER2-) with basal-like phenotype. The relationship between MYC amplification and prognostic clinico-pathological characteristics was determined using chi square and logistic regression modeling. Results Sixty-five (97%) of the tumors showed MYC gene amplification (MYC: CEP8 > 1). Statistically significant associations were found between MYC amplification and HER2-amplified BCa, and Luminal B subtypes of BCa (p < 0.0001), stage (p < 0.001), metastasis (p < 0.001), and positive lymph node status (p = 0.039). MYC amplification was associated with HER2 status (p = 0.01) and tumor size (p = 0.01). High MYC amplification was seen in grade III carcinomas (MYC: CEP8 = 2.42), pre-menopausal women (MYC: CEP8 = 2.49), PR-negative status (MYC: CEP8 = 2.42), and ER-positive status (MYC: CEP8 = 2.4). Conclusions HER2 positive BCas in AA women are likely to exhibit MYC amplification. High amplification ratios suggest that MYC drives HER2 amplification, especially in HER2 positive, Luminal B, and subtypes of BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammey J Naab
- Department of Pathology, Howard University College of Medicine, Howard University Hospital, 2041 Georgia Avenue Rm. 1M-06, Washington DC, NW, 20060, USA
| | - Anita Gautam
- Department of Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation street Suite# 318, Worcester, MA, 01581, England
| | - Luisel Ricks-Santi
- Cancer Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Hampton University, 100 E. Queen Street, Hampton, VA, 23668, USA
| | - Ashwini K Esnakula
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, P.O. Box 100275, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0275, USA
| | - Yasmine M Kanaan
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, 2041 Georgia Avenue Rm. 1M-06, Washington DC, NW, 20060, USA
| | - Robert L DeWitty
- Department of Surgery, Howard University Hospital, 2041 Georgia Avenue, Washington DC, NW, 20060, USA
| | - Girmay Asgedom
- Department of Medicine, Howard University Hospital, 2041 Georgia Avenue, Washington DC, NW, 20060, USA
| | - Khepher H Makambi
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 4000 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, NW, 20057, USA
| | - Massih Abawi
- Inherited Cancer Program, GeneDx, 207 Perry Pkwy, Gaithersburg, MD, 20877, USA
| | - Jan K Blancato
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University Medical Centre, 3800 Reservoir Road, Washington DC, NW, 20007, USA.
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8
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Zhang Y, Xue Q, Pan G, Meng QH, Tuo X, Cai X, Chen Z, Li Y, Huang T, Duan X, Duan Y. Integrated Analysis of Genome-Wide Copy Number Alterations and Gene Expression Profiling of Lung Cancer in Xuanwei, China. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169098. [PMID: 28056099 PMCID: PMC5215791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Lung cancer in Xuanwei (LCXW), China, is known throughout the world for its distinctive characteristics, but little is known about its pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was to screen potential novel “driver genes” in LCXW. Methods Genome-wide DNA copy number alterations (CNAs) were detected by array-based comparative genomic hybridization and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by gene expression microarrays in 8 paired LCXW and non-cancerous lung tissues. Candidate driver genes were screened by integrated analysis of CNAs and DEGs. The candidate genes were further validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results Large numbers of CNAs and DEGs were detected, respectively. Some of the most frequently occurring CNAs included gains at 5p15.33-p15.32, 5p15.1-p14.3, and 5p14.3-p14.2 and losses at 11q24.3, 21q21.1, 21q22.12-q22.13, and 21q22.2. Integrated analysis of CNAs and DEGs identified 24 candidate genes with frequent copy number gains and concordant upregulation, which were considered potential oncogenes, including CREB3L4, TRIP13, and CCNE2. In addition, the analysis identified 19 candidate genes with a negative association between copy number change and expression change, considered potential tumor suppressor genes, including AHRR, NKD2, and KLF10. One of the most studied oncogenes, MYC, may not play a carcinogenic role in LCXW. Conclusions This integrated analysis of CNAs and DEGs identified several potential novel LCXW-related genes, laying an important foundation for further research on the pathogenesis of LCXW and identification of novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanliang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, the People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Institute of Laboratory Diagnosis, Kunming, Yunnan Province, the People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan Province, the People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyue Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, the People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Institute of Laboratory Diagnosis, Kunming, Yunnan Province, the People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan Province, the People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, the People's Republic of China
| | - Qing H Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyu Tuo
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, the People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, the People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Institute of Laboratory Diagnosis, Kunming, Yunnan Province, the People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan Province, the People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghui Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, the People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Institute of Laboratory Diagnosis, Kunming, Yunnan Province, the People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan Province, the People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, the People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Institute of Laboratory Diagnosis, Kunming, Yunnan Province, the People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan Province, the People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, the People's Republic of China
| | - Xincen Duan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Somers, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Yong Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, the People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Institute of Laboratory Diagnosis, Kunming, Yunnan Province, the People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan Province, the People's Republic of China
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Zhu H, Wu J, Zhang W, Luo H, Shen Z, Cheng H, Zhu X. PKM2 enhances chemosensitivity to cisplatin through interaction with the mTOR pathway in cervical cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30788. [PMID: 27492148 PMCID: PMC4974606 DOI: 10.1038/srep30788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a key driver of aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells and has been shown to be up-regulated by mTOR in vitro. Our previous proteomic profiling studies showed that PKM2 was significantly upregulated in cervical cancer tissues after treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Whether PKM2 expression predicts cisplatin-based NACT sensitivity and is mTOR dependent in cervical cancer patients remains unclear. Using paired tumor samples (pre- and post-chemotherapy) from 36 cervical cancer patients, we examined mTOR, HIF-1α, c-Myc, and PKM2 expression in cervical cancer samples and investigated the response to cisplatin-based NACT. In addition, we established PKM2 suppressed cervical cancer cell lines and evaluated their sensitivity to cisplatin in vitro. We found that the mTOR/HIF-1α/c-Myc/PKM2 signaling pathway was significantly downregulated in post-chemotherapy cervical cancer tissues. High levels of mTOR, HIF-1α, c-Myc, and PKM2 were associated with a positive chemotherapy response in cervical cancer patients treated with cisplatin-based NACT. In vitro, PKM2 knockdown desensitized cervical cancer cells to cisplatin. Moreover, PKM2 had complex interactions with mTOR pathways. mTOR, HIF1α, c-Myc, and PKM2 expression in cervical cancer may serve as predictive biomarkers to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. PKM2 enhances chemosensitivity to cisplatin through interaction with the mTOR pathway in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Zhaojun Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Huihui Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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10
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Mundim FGL, Pasini FS, Brentani MM, Soares FA, Nonogaki S, Waitzberg AFL. MYC is expressed in the stromal and epithelial cells of primary breast carcinoma and paired nodal metastases. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 3:506-514. [PMID: 26137258 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYC oncogene is directly involved in the proliferation, metabolism, progression and distant metastasis of breast cancer. Since metastatic spread to the lymph nodes is often the first indication of propensity for metastatic dissemination, the MYC status in nodal disease may represent a decision-making variable. However, the analysis of MYC expression in stromal cells, namely cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are known to play a critical role in cancer progression, remains poorly reported. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of MYC and other markers, including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), p53, Ki67, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) and phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) by immunohistochemistry in representative samples from 80 patients with ductal infiltrative breast cancer and 43 paired compromised axillary lymph nodes allocated in tissue microarrays (TMAs). The epithelial and stromal components of primary tumors and respective lymph node metastases were separately analyzed. MYC expression (cytoplasmic and nuclear) was a frequent event in the epithelial and stromal components of the primary tumors. The epithelial cells in the nodal metastases exhibited a trend for decreased MYC expression compared to that in the primary tumors (P=0.08) but retained the original status of the primary tumors for all other markers. The stromal cells were uniformly negative for ER, PR, HER2, p53, Ki67 and EGFR. Comparison of the stromas of primary tumors and respective lymph node metastases revealed a reduced frequency of nuclear MYC in 15% of the cases (P=0.003), whereas p-mTOR followed a similar trend (P=0.09). Analyses of the possible correlations among markers revealed that epithelial nuclear MYC was associated with p53 (P=0.048). This is an original study demonstrating a significant proportion of MYC expression (nuclear or cytoplasmic), as well p-mTOR and p-AKT expression, in the epithelial and stromal components of either the primary tumor or the nodal metastases. CAFs expressing MYC may establish an angiogenic microenvironment supporting cancer survival and facilitating colonization at the nodal metastatic site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatima Solange Pasini
- Department of Radiology and Oncology (LIM24), Medical School of São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Maria Mitzi Brentani
- Department of Radiology and Oncology (LIM24), Medical School of São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil ; Department of Pathology, A.C. Camargo Hospital, São Paulo, SP 01509-010, Brazil
| | | | - Suely Nonogaki
- Department of Pathology, A.C. Camargo Hospital, São Paulo, SP 01509-010, Brazil
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11
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Redis RS, Sieuwerts AM, Look MP, Tudoran O, Ivan C, Spizzo R, Zhang X, de Weerd V, Shimizu M, Ling H, Buiga R, Pop V, Irimie A, Fodde R, Bedrosian I, Martens JWM, Foekens JA, Berindan-Neagoe I, Calin GA. CCAT2, a novel long non-coding RNA in breast cancer: expression study and clinical correlations. Oncotarget 2014; 4:1748-62. [PMID: 24077681 PMCID: PMC3858561 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical outcome of BC patients receiving the same treatment is known to vary considerably and thus, there is a compelling need to identify novel biomarkers that can select the patients that would benefit most from a given therapy and can predict the clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of CCAT2, a novel long ncRNA recently characterized by our group and overlapping SNP rs6983267, in BC patients. We first evaluated by RT-qPCR and ISH the expression of CCAT2 in normal breast tissue and BC tissue and further analyzed CCAT2 expression in an independent set of 997 primary BC with regard to clinical, histological, pathological and other biological factors. Also, we explored the possibility of CCAT2 adding to the prognostic value of multivariate models that already included the traditional prognostic factors. Finally, we identified in in vitro models the impact of CCAT2 expression and SNP rs6983267 genotype on cell migration and chemoresistance. Our results revealed that although overexpressed in BCs in two out of three sets of patients, and having the highest expression in lymph node negative (LNN) disease, CCAT2 expression levels are informative solely for a subgroup of BC patients, namely for patients with LNP disease that have received adjuvant CMF chemotherapy. For this subgroup high levels of CCAT2 suggest the patients will not benefit from CMF containing adjuvant chemotherapy (shorter MFS and OS). Additionally, we found that CCAT2 upregulates cell migration and downregulates chemosensitivity to 5'FU in a rs6983267-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana S Redis
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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12
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Todorović-Raković N. Detection of c-myc amplification in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1012:249-54. [PMID: 24006070 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-429-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
In situ hybridization (ISH) allows evaluation of genetic abnormalities, such as changes in chromosome number, chromosome translocations or gene amplifications, by hybridization of tagged DNA (or RNA) probes with complementary DNA (or RNA) sequences in interphase nuclei of target tissue. However, chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) is also applicable to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, besides metaphase chromosome spreads. CISH is similar to fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) regarding pretreatments and hybridization protocols but differs in the way of visualization. Indeed, CISH signal detection is similar to that used in immunohistochemistry, making use of a peroxidase-based chromogenic reaction instead of fluorescent dyes. In particular, tagged DNA probes are indirectly detected using an enzyme-conjugated antibody targeting the tags. The enzymatic reaction of the chromogenic substrate leads to the formation of strong permanent brown signals that can be visualized by bright-field microscopy at 40 × magnification. The advantage of CISH is that it allows the simultaneous observation of gene amplification and tissue morphology and the slides can be stored for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Todorović-Raković
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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13
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Huang X, Sun Q, Fu H, Zhou X, Guan X, Wang J. Both c-Myc and Ki-67 expression are predictive markers in patients with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: a retrospective study in China. Pathol Res Pract 2014; 210:351-6. [PMID: 24642368 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL) is an increasingly recognized disease entity of aggressive tumor progression. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical and prognostic significance of c-Myc and Ki-67 expression in ENKTL. Immunohistochemistry for c-Myc and Ki-67 was performed on tissue sections from 53 patients diagnosed with ENKTL, and their correlation with clinicopathologic variables was assessed. We also made a comparison between c-Myc positive and negative ENKTL on proliferation index (PI); and analyzed relationship between expression of c-Myc and Ki-67 index. The survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier product-limit method. Positive expression of c-Myc was shown in 64.2% of the patients, and high expression of Ki-67 was found in 66%. The PI in c-Myc-positive tumor cell was significantly higher than that in c-Myc-negative ones (P=0.005). The positive correlation between c-Myc expression and Ki-67 index was also found (r=0.454, P=0.001). Patients of c-Myc expression were shown to be associated with unfavorable overall survival (OS) and decreased progression free survival (PFS) (P=0.000 and 0.013, respectively). High expression of Ki-67 was also shown to be correlated with worse OS and PFS (P=0.014 and 0.016, respectively). And patients expression of c-Myc+/Ki-67 high had the worst OS and PFS (P=0.002 and 0.027, respectively). c-Myc may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of NK/T cell lymphoma by promoting cell proliferation. Both c-Myc expression and Ki-67 high expression in ENKTL patients may be valuable indicators for predicting the survival of ENKTL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhong Shan Road East, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhong Shan Road East, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijin Fu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhong Shan Road East, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhong Shan Road East, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhong Shan Road East, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Banin Hirata BK, Oda JMM, Losi Guembarovski R, Ariza CB, de Oliveira CEC, Watanabe MAE. Molecular markers for breast cancer: prediction on tumor behavior. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 2014:513158. [PMID: 24591761 PMCID: PMC3925609 DOI: 10.1155/2014/513158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers with greater than 1,300,000 cases and 450,000 deaths each year worldwide. The development of breast cancer involves a progression through intermediate stages until the invasive carcinoma and finally into metastatic disease. Given the variability in clinical progression, the identification of markers that could predict the tumor behavior is particularly important in breast cancer. The determination of tumor markers is a useful tool for clinical management in cancer patients, assisting in diagnostic, staging, evaluation of therapeutic response, detection of recurrence and metastasis, and development of new treatment modalities. In this context, this review aims to discuss the main tumor markers in breast carcinogenesis. The most well-established breast molecular markers with prognostic and/or therapeutic value like hormone receptors, HER-2 oncogene, Ki-67, and p53 proteins, and the genes for hereditary breast cancer will be presented. Furthermore, this review shows the new molecular targets in breast cancer: CXCR4, caveolin, miRNA, and FOXP3, as promising candidates for future development of effective and targeted therapies, also with lower toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Karina Banin Hirata
- Laboratory of Polymorphism and Application Study of DNA, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, 86057-970 Londrina, Brazil
| | - Julie Massayo Maeda Oda
- Laboratory of Polymorphism and Application Study of DNA, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, 86057-970 Londrina, Brazil
| | - Roberta Losi Guembarovski
- Laboratory of Polymorphism and Application Study of DNA, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, 86057-970 Londrina, Brazil
| | - Carolina Batista Ariza
- Laboratory of Polymorphism and Application Study of DNA, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, 86057-970 Londrina, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Coral de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Polymorphism and Application Study of DNA, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, 86057-970 Londrina, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Ehara Watanabe
- Laboratory of Polymorphism and Application Study of DNA, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, 86057-970 Londrina, Brazil
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15
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Pereira CBL, Leal MF, de Souza CRT, Montenegro RC, Rey JA, Carvalho AA, Assumpção PP, Khayat AS, Pinto GR, Demachki S, de Arruda Cardoso Smith M, Burbano RR. Prognostic and predictive significance of MYC and KRAS alterations in breast cancer from women treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60576. [PMID: 23555992 PMCID: PMC3608596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex disease, with heterogeneous clinical evolution. Several analyses have been performed to identify the risk factors for breast cancer progression and the patients who respond best to a specific treatment. We aimed to evaluate whether the hormone receptor expression, HER2 and MYC genes and their protein status, and KRAS codon 12 mutations may be prognostic or predictive biomarkers of breast cancer. Protein, gene and mutation status were concomitantly evaluated in 116 breast tumors from women who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide. We observed that MYC expression was associated with luminal B and HER2 overexpression phenotypes compared to luminal A (p<0.05). The presence of MYC duplication or polysomy 8, as well as KRAS mutation, were also associated with the HER2 overexpression subtype (p<0.05). MYC expression and MYC gain were more frequently observed in early-onset compared to late-onset tumors (p<0.05). KRAS mutation was a risk factor of grade 3 tumors (p<0.05). A multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that MYC amplification defined as MYC/nucleus ratio of ≥2.5 was a protective factor for chemotherapy resistance. On the other hand, age and grade 2 tumors were a risk factor. Additionally, luminal B, HER2 overexpression, and triple-negative tumors presented increased odds of being resistant to chemotherapy relative to luminal A tumors. Thus, breast tumors with KRAS codon 12 mutations seem to present a worse prognosis. Additionally, MYC amplification may help in the identification of tumors that are sensitive to doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide treatment. If confirmed in a large set of samples, these markers may be useful for clinical stratification and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Ferreira Leal
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Raquel Carvalho Montenegro
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Juan Antonio Rey
- Research Unit-Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antônio Alberto Carvalho
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Paulo Pimentel Assumpção
- Nucleu of Research in Oncology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - André Salim Khayat
- Nucleu of Research in Oncology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Sâmia Demachki
- Nucleu of Research in Oncology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Rommel Rodríguez Burbano
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
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