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Ghalkhani E, Akbari MT, Izadi P, Mahmoodzadeh H, Kamali F. Assessment of DAPK1 and CAVIN3 Gene Promoter Methylation in Breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma and Metastasis. CELL JOURNAL 2021; 23:397-405. [PMID: 34455714 PMCID: PMC8405083 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.7251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective Metastasis might be latent or occur several years after primary tumor removal. Currently used methods for detection of distant metastasis have still some limitations. Blood tests may improve sensitivity and specificity of currently used screening procedures. The present study was designed to investigate promoter methylation status of DAPK1 and CAVIN3 genes in plasma circulating free DNA (cfDNA) samples in Iranian invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) patients. We also investigated association of two gene promoter methylations with breast cancer (BC) and metastatic BC was also assessed. Materials and Methods In this case-control study, MethySYBR assay was performed to determine DAPK1 and CAVIN3 promoter methylation status in breast IDC from 90 patients and 30 controls. Based on clinicopathological information, patient samples subdivided into stage I, II/III and IV groups (each group contained 30 individuals). Results According to the results an increased promoter methylation level of the DAPK1 gene in BC patients was observed. It was found that as disease progressed, the percentage of methylation was changed while it was not significant. Methylation changes in metastatic and non-metastatic BC revealed that methylation levels were significantly increased in metastatic than non-metastatic group. Analysis revealed that promoter methylation of CAVIN3 gene in BC patients was significantly increased. The observed methylation changes from less to more invasive stages were not significant in the CAVIN3 gene. Moreover, promoter methylation was changed in metastatic rather than non-metastatic condition, although it was not significant. Conclusion Promoter hypermethylation of c and CAVIN3 genes in plasma are associated with the risk of BC and they can be potential diagnostic biomarkers along with current methods. Additionally, association of aberrant DAPK1 promoter methylation with metastasis suggests its potential usage as a non-invasive strategy for metastatic BC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmat Ghalkhani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Akbari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Pantea Izadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habibollah Mahmoodzadeh
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kamali
- Iran National Tumor Bank, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hegde M, Joshi MB. Comprehensive analysis of regulation of DNA methyltransferase isoforms in human breast tumors. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:937-971. [PMID: 33604794 PMCID: PMC7954751 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significant reprogramming of epigenome is widely described during pathogenesis of breast cancer. Transformation of normal cell to hyperplastic cell and to neoplastic phenotype is associated with aberrant DNA (de)methylation, which, through promoter and enhancer methylation changes, activates oncogenes and silence tumor suppressor genes in variety of tumors including breast. DNA methylation, one of the major epigenetic mechanisms is catalyzed by evolutionarily conserved isoforms namely, DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B in humans. Over the years, studies have demonstrated intricate and complex regulation of DNMT isoforms at transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. The recent findings of allosteric regulation of DNMT isoforms and regulation by other interacting chromatin modifying proteins emphasizes functional integrity and their contribution for the development of breast cancer and progression. DNMT isoforms are regulated by several intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. In the present review, we have extensively performed bioinformatics analysis of expression of DNMT isoforms along with their transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators such as transcription factors, interacting proteins, hormones, cytokines and dietary elements along with their significance during pathogenesis of breast tumors. Our review manuscript provides a comprehensive understanding of key factors regulating DNMT isoforms in breast tumor pathology and documents unsolved issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Hegde
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, 576104, India.
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Luo C, Huang J, Guo Z, Guo J, Zeng X, Li Y, Liu M. Methylated biomarkers for breast cancer identified through public database analysis and plasma target capture sequencing. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:683. [PMID: 33987381 PMCID: PMC8106113 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Aberrant methylation is common during the early stage of cancer development. This study was designed to investigate DNA methylation as biomarker for breast cancer. Methods Public database analysis and methylation-specific whole-gene sequencing were conducted to identify methylated biomarkers that would enable early non-invasive diagnosis of breast cancer. Firstly, the data was obtained from the TCGA Database and the Blueprint Epigenome Database. Secondly, methylation-specific whole-gene sequencing was conducted in 10 female patients with early-stage breast cancer and 10 healthy female volunteers from Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University between March 2018 and July 2018. Thirdly, the R language was used for data analysis, and KEGG and DAVID online tool was used for annotations. Results We found that methylation levels at 13 cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites (cg04066177, cg04281344, cg05995576, cg06221609, cg08642731, cg11388802, cg12665414, cg14557216, cg19404723, cg19457909, cg24570211, cg25818763, and cg26215982) in the malignant tissue DNA were highly comparable to those of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of breast cancer patients, but were significantly different from those of normal tissue DNA, cfDNA of healthy women, and leukocyte DNA. In addition, three CpG sites (cg04281344, cg24570211, and cg26215982) were confirmed in clinical research, which showed that the sensitivity and specificity of these CpGs as biomarkers for breast cancer were 69.4–83.7% and 85.7–88.6%, respectively. Conclusions New biomarkers were identified and confirmed for breast cancer by comparing the methylation of tumour tissues, leukocytes, and non-plasma DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Luo
- Breast Center, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaheng Huang
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhaoze Guo
- Breast Center, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyun Guo
- Breast Center, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zeng
- Breast Center, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yimin Li
- General Surgery, Yangjiang Hospital, Qiongzhong, China
| | - Minfeng Liu
- Breast Center, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Dietary phytochemicals as the potential protectors against carcinogenesis and their role in cancer chemoprevention. Clin Exp Med 2020; 20:173-190. [PMID: 32016615 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-020-00611-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Health-threatening consequences of carcinogen exposure are mediated via occurrence of electrophiles or reactive oxygen species. As a result, the accumulation of biomolecular damage leads to the cancer initiation, promotion or progression. Accordingly, there is an association between lifestyle factors including inappropriate diet or carcinogen formation during food processing, mainstream, second or third-hand tobacco smoke and other environmental or occupational carcinogens and malignant transformation. Nevertheless, increasing evidence supports the protective effects of naturally occurring phytochemicals against carcinogen exposure as well as carcinogenesis in general. Isolated phytochemicals or their mixtures present in the whole plant food demonstrate efficacy against malignancy induced by carcinogens widely spread in our environment. Phytochemicals also minimize the generation of carcinogenic substances during the processing of meat and meat products. Based on numerous data, selected phytochemicals or plant foods should be highly recommended to become a stable and regular part of the diet as the protectors against carcinogenesis.
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Asiaf A, Ahmad ST, Malik AA, Aziz SA, Zargar MA. Association of Protein Expression and Methylation of DAPK1 with Clinicopathological Features in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Patients from Kashmir. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:839-848. [PMID: 30912402 PMCID: PMC6825784 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.3.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Death-associated protein kinase-1 (DAPK1) is a pro-apoptotic Ser/Thr kinase that participates in cell apoptosis
and tumor suppression. DAPK1 is frequently lost in many different tumor types including breast cancer. The aim of
this study was to evaluate the promoter methylation status of DAPK1 and a possible correlation with the expression
of DAPK1 and standard clinicopathological features in invasive ductal breast carcinoma patients (IDC). Methods:
Methylation Specific PCR (MSP) was carried out to investigate the promoter methylation status of DAPK1 from 128
breast cancer patients. The effect of promoter methylation on protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry
(n=128) and western blotting (n=56). Results: We found significant difference in DAPK1 promoter methylation
frequency among breast tumors when compared with the corresponding normal tissues. Hypermethylation of DAPK1
is significantly correlated with the loss of DAPK1 protein expression (P < .001, rs= -0.361). The loss of DAPK1 protein
was significantly associated with estrogen receptor (ER) negativity (p= 0.003), triple negative breast cancer (TNB)
(p= 0.024) and advanced tumor stages (P = 0.001). Moreover, age at diagnosis (p= 0.041), tumor stage (p= 0.034), ER
negativity (p= 0.004) and TNB cancers (p=0.003) correlated significantly with the hypermethylation of the DAPK1
promoter. Coclusion: This study indicates that DAPK1 is methylated in IDC and promoter hypermethylation could be
attributed to silencing of DAPK1 gene expression in breast cancer. Thus, we consider DAPK1 inactivation by promoter
hypermethylation likely plays a role in the development and progression of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asia Asiaf
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J and K, India.
| | - Shiekh Tanveer Ahmad
- Clarke H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada
| | - Ajaz Ahmad Malik
- Department of General Surgery, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, J and K, India
| | - Shiekh Aejaz Aziz
- Departmet of Medical Oncology, Sher-I-Kashmir, Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura Srinagar, J and K, India
| | - Mohammad Afzal Zargar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J and K, India.
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Daskalakis NP, Yehuda R. Site-specific methylation changes in the glucocorticoid receptor exon 1F promoter in relation to life adversity: systematic review of contributing factors. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:369. [PMID: 25484853 PMCID: PMC4240065 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been recent interest in epigenetics in psychiatry since it offers a means of understanding how stressful life experiences, in interaction with the genotype, result in epigenetic changes that result in altered gene expression, ultimately affecting the risk for mental disorders. Many studies focused on methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor exon 1F promoter following an initial observation that changes in this region could be modulated by the environment. This review examines all published studies that have attempted to measure methylation in this region using different techniques, several tissue types, populations at different behavioral state and stages of development. Methodological issues have been raised with the aim of attempting to understand methylation quantification and site of action. We propose that it is useful to examine whether methylation at specific sites within the promoter region may be particularly relevant to psychiatric vulnerability to stress-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos P Daskalakis
- Traumatic Stress Studies Division, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA ; Mental Health Patient Care Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center Bronx, New York, NY, USA ; Laboratory of Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Yehuda
- Traumatic Stress Studies Division, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA ; Mental Health Patient Care Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center Bronx, New York, NY, USA ; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
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Mitchell NE, Wilson ML, Bray MS, Crossman DK, Tollefsbol TO. Real-time methylomic aberrations during initiation and progression of induced human mammary epithelial cell tumorigenesis. Epigenomics 2013; 5:155-65. [PMID: 23566093 DOI: 10.2217/epi.13.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Neoplastic transformation provides one of the few existing opportunities to analyze molecular changes in real time during the initiation and progression of breast cancer. MATERIALS & METHODS Human mammary epithelial cells underwent neoplastic reprogramming, generating one line of semitransformed, premalignant cells and two separate, temporal lines of fully transformed human mammary epithelial cells (THMECs). An Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip was used to analyze DNA methylation alterations in 27,578 CpG loci at three consecutive time points over an 80-day (d) transformation period. RESULTS The mean β value for semitransformed human mammary epithelial cells CpG loci (0.245) was much greater than for either THMEC-40d (0.055) or THMEC-80d (0.066), indicating a large loss of methylation after neoplastic induction. In addition, 54% of CpG loci were hypermethylated during the THMEC-40d to THMEC-80d transition. We observed that the CpG loci exhibiting DNA methylation changes during early oncogenesis were enriched for biological functions like cellular movement; this was distinctly different than in the later, more progressive stages of the transformation process enriched for processes involving differentiation. CONCLUSION The timing of major methylomic changes may be important in directing the cell toward a more cancerous phenotype. In addition, gene-specific hypermethylation appears to silence developmentally related genes, leading to dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Mitchell
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Tao H, Shi KH, Yang JJ, Huang C, Liu LP, Li J. Epigenetic regulation of cardiac fibrosis. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1932-8. [PMID: 23602934 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix accumulation that ultimately destroys tissue architecture and eventually abolishes normal function. In recent years, despite the underlying mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis are still unknown, numerous studies suggest that epigenetic modifications impact on the development of cardiac fibrosis. Epigenetic modifications control cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and so on. Epigenetic modifications contain three main processes: DNA methylation, histone modifications, and silencing by microRNAs. We here outline the recent work pertaining to epigenetic changes in cardiac fibrosis. This review focuses on the epigenetic regulation of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
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