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Pietrafesa G, De Zio R, Scorza SI, Armentano MF, Pepe M, Forleo C, Procino G, Gerbino A, Svelto M, Carmosino M. Targeting unfolded protein response reverts ER stress and ER Ca 2+ homeostasis in cardiomyocytes expressing the pathogenic variant of Lamin A/C R321X. J Transl Med 2023; 21:340. [PMID: 37217929 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated that an Italian family affected by a severe dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with history of sudden deaths at young age, carried a mutation in the Lmna gene encoding for a truncated variant of the Lamin A/C protein (LMNA), R321X. When expressed in heterologous systems, such variant accumulates into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), inducing the activation of the PERK-CHOP pathway of the unfolded protein response (UPR), ER dysfunction and increased rate of apoptosis. The aim of this work was to analyze whether targeting the UPR can be used to revert the ER dysfunction associated with LMNA R321X expression in HL-1 cardiac cells. METHODS HL-1 cardiomyocytes stably expressing LMNA R321X were used to assess the ability of 3 different drugs targeting the UPR, salubrinal, guanabenz and empagliflozin to rescue ER stress and dysfunction. In these cells, the state of activation of both the UPR and the pro-apoptotic pathway were analyzed monitoring the expression levels of phospho-PERK, phospho-eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP and PARP-CL. In addition, we measured ER-dependent intracellular Ca2+ dynamics as indicator of proper ER functionality. RESULTS We found that salubrinal and guanabenz increased the expression levels of phospho-eIF2α and downregulated the apoptosis markers CHOP and PARP-CL in LMNA R321X-cardiomyocytes, maintaining the so-called adaptive UPR. These drugs also restored ER ability to handle Ca2+ in these cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, we found that empagliflozin downregulated the apoptosis markers CHOP and PARP-CL shutting down the UPR itself through the inhibition of PERK phosphorylation in LMNA R321X-cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, upon empagliflozin treatment, ER homeostasis, in terms of ER ability to store and release intracellular Ca2+ was also restored in these cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS We provided evidence that the different drugs, although interfering with different steps of the UPR, were able to counteract pro-apoptotic processes and to preserve the ER homeostasis in R321X LMNA-cardiomyocytes. Of note, two of the tested drugs, guanabenz and empagliflozin, are already used in the clinical practice, thus providing preclinical evidence for ready-to-use therapies in patients affected by the LMNA R321X associated cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Pietrafesa
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Roberta De Zio
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Ida Scorza
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Martino Pepe
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Forleo
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Procino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Gerbino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Svelto
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Carmosino
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy.
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Zhang H, Liu X, Zhou L, Deng Z, Wang Y. Identification of RPS7 as the Biomarker of Ferroptosis in Acute Kidney Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3667339. [PMID: 36277893 PMCID: PMC9584673 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3667339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective This paper aims to explore novel ferroptosis-related biomarkers for acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods Various bioinformatic methods, such as differential expression analysis, functional annotation analysis, machine learning, and chemical-gene network analysis, were used in this study. Furthermore, the expression and proferroptotic role of RPS7 were validated with further bioinformatics analysis and biochemical experiments. Results GSE30718 dataset and GSE139061 dataset were used, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. The DEGs were overlapped with ferroptosis-related genes and genes associated with AKI, which led to the identification of four candidate genes. Machine learning and ROC curve analysis were conducted, and RPS7 and TRIB3 were selected for diagnostic model analysis and functional analysis. Finally, the upregulation of RSP7 in cisplatin-induced AKI was validated in cisplatin-induced AKI, and its proferroptotic role was confirmed in cisplatin-treated proximal tubular cells. Conclusion Our results indicated that RPS7 might present as a novel ferroptosis-related biomarker for AKI, and it derived ferroptosis to accentuate cisplatin-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Functional Medicine, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lizhi Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zebin Deng
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yinhuai Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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Pitale PM, Saltykova IV, Adu-Agyeiwaah Y, Li Calzi S, Satoh T, Akira S, Gorbatyuk O, Boulton ME, Pardue MT, Garvey WT, Athar M, Grant MB, Gorbatyuk MS. Tribbles Homolog 3 Mediates the Development and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetes 2021; 70:1738-1753. [PMID: 33975909 PMCID: PMC8385618 DOI: 10.2337/db20-1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The current understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy does not provide a mechanistic link between early molecular changes and the subsequent progression of the disease. In this study, we found that human diabetic retinas overexpressed TRIB3 and investigated the role of TRIB3 in diabetic retinal pathobiology in mice. We discovered that TRIB3 controlled major molecular events in early diabetic retinas via HIF1α-mediated regulation of retinal glucose flux, reprogramming cellular metabolism, and governing of inflammatory gene expression. These early molecular events further defined the development of neurovascular deficit observed in mice with diabetic retinopathy. TRIB3 ablation in the streptozotocin-induced mouse model led to significant retinal ganglion cell survival and functional restoration accompanied by a dramatic reduction in pericyte loss and acellular capillary formation. Under hypoxic conditions, TRIB3 contributed to advanced proliferative stages by significant upregulation of GFAP and VEGF expression, thus controlling gliosis and aberrant vascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse retinas. Overall, our data reveal that TRIB3 is a master regulator of diabetic retinal pathophysiology that may accelerate the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy to proliferative stages in humans and present TRIB3 as a potentially novel therapeutic target for diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada M Pitale
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Irina V Saltykova
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Yvonne Adu-Agyeiwaah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Sergio Li Calzi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Takashi Satoh
- Department of Immune Regulation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Oleg Gorbatyuk
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Michael E Boulton
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Machelle T Pardue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Atlanta VA Center of Excellence for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation
| | - W Timothy Garvey
- Department of Nutrition Sciences and Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Mohammad Athar
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Marina S Gorbatyuk
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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A Review of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Renal Interstitial Fibrosis via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6667791. [PMID: 34055995 PMCID: PMC8147530 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6667791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is the main pathological manifestation of end-stage renal disease. Recent studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in the pathogenesis and development of RIF. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as an effective treatment for kidney diseases, can improve kidney damage by affecting the apoptotic signaling pathway mediated by ER stress. This article reviews the apoptotic pathways mediated by ER stress, including the three major signaling pathways of unfolded protein response, the main functions of the transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein. We also present current research on TCM treatment of RIF, focusing on medicines that regulate ER stress. A new understanding of using TCM to treat kidney disease by regulating ER stress will promote clinical application of Chinese medicine and discovery of new drugs for the treatment of RIF.
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Coxiella burnetii Requires Host Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2α Activity for Efficient Intracellular Replication. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00096-20. [PMID: 32284364 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00096-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of human Q fever, eliciting symptoms that range from acute fever and fatigue to chronic fatal endocarditis. C. burnetii is a Gram-negative intracellular bacterium that replicates within an acidic lysosome-like parasitophorous vacuole (PV) in human macrophages. During intracellular growth, C. burnetii delivers bacterial proteins directly into the host cytoplasm using a Dot/Icm type IV secretion system (T4SS). Multiple T4SS effectors localize to and/or disrupt the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and secretory transport, but their role in infection is unknown. During microbial infection, unfolded nascent proteins may exceed the folding capacity of the ER, activating the unfolded protein response (UPR) and restoring the ER to its normal physiological state. A subset of intracellular pathogens manipulates the UPR to promote survival and replication in host cells. In this study, we investigated the impact of C. burnetii infection on activation of the three arms of the UPR. An inhibitor of the UPR antagonized PV expansion in macrophages, indicating this process is needed for bacterial replication niche formation. Protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) signaling was activated during infection, leading to increased levels of phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor α, which was required for C. burnetii growth. Increased production and nuclear translocation of the transcription factor ATF4 also occurred, which normally drives expression of the proapoptotic C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). CHOP protein production increased during infection; however, C. burnetii actively prevented CHOP nuclear translocation and downstream apoptosis in a T4SS-dependent manner. The results collectively demonstrate interplay between C. burnetii and specific components of the eIF2α signaling cascade to parasitize human macrophages.
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Yu W, Mi L, Wang F. Effect of the alteration of Tribbles homologue 3 expression on epithelial‑mesenchymal transition of transforming growth factor β1‑induced mouse alveolar epithelial cells through the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:615-622. [PMID: 31974597 PMCID: PMC6947854 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to elucidate the regulatory effect of exogenous Tribbles homologue 3 (TRB3) expression on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced mouse alveolar epithelial cells (MLE-12) and investigate the underlying regulatory mechanisms. TRB3 expression was upregulated and downregulated using gene overexpression and RNA interference techniques, respectively. TGF-β1-stimulated MLE-12 cells were examined for EMT and activation condition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway using Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry, western blotting, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, ELISA and immunofluorescence techniques. During TGF-β1-induced EMT, TRB3 expression was found to be significantly upregulated (P<0.05). In the TRB3 overexpression group, upregulated expression of β-catenin and EMT-related genes and proteins was observed (P<0.05), and an increase in fibrosis-related factors in the cell culture supernatant was detected (P<0.05); however, the results were the opposite in the TRB3 downregulated group (P<0.05). TRB3 may be involved in the regulation of EMT in TGF-β1-induced MLE-12 cells through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Liyun Mi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingdao Chest Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266043, P.R. China
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Zhao L, Li C, Zhou B, Luo C, Wang Y, Che L, Zhao J, Xu Y. Crucial role of serum response factor in renal tubular epithelial cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hyperuricemic nephropathy. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:10597-10609. [PMID: 31774735 PMCID: PMC6914413 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the regulation and function of serum response factor (SRF) in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) in hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN). Results: In NRK-52E cells treated with UA and renal medulla tissue samples from hyperuricemic rats, SRF, fibronectin, α-SMA and FSP-1 expression was upregulated, while ZO-1 and E-cadherin expression was downregulated. SRF upregulation in NRK-52E cells increased slug expression. Blockade of SRF by an SRF-specific siRNA or CCG-1423 reduced slug induction and protected TECs from undergoing EMT both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: Increased SRF activity promotes EMT and dysfunction in TECs in HN. Targeting SRF with CCG-1423 may be an attractive therapeutic strategy in HN. Methods: The expression of SRF, mesenchymal markers (fibronectin, α-SMA, and FSP-1), epithelial markers (ZO-1 and E-cadherin) and was examined in rat renal TECs (NRK-52E cells) or renal medulla tissue samples following uric acid (UA) treatment. SRF overexpressed with pcDNA-SRF plasmid and suppressed by CCG-1423 (a small molecule inhibitor of SRF) to study how SRF influences EMT in TECs in HN. Oxonic acid (OA) was used to establish HN in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Congjuan Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lin Che
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261041, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
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Cheng W, Mi L, Tang J, Yu W. Expression of TRB3 promotes epithelial‑mesenchymal transition of MLE‑12 murine alveolar type II epithelial cells through the TGF‑β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2869-2875. [PMID: 30720074 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the expression of tribbles pseudokinase 3 (TRB3) is involved in pulmonary interstitial fibrosis and to examine the possible mechanisms. The expression of TRB3 in murine alveolar type II epithelial cells (MLE‑12 cells) following transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‑β1) stimulation was assessed using various techniques, including western blot and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays. TRB3 overexpression and downregulation models were used to evaluate the impact of TRB3 on the TGF‑β1‑induced epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) of MLE‑12 cells. The downregulation of TRB3 was induced by RNA interference. The expression of TRB3 was significantly increased in MLE‑12 cells following the activation of TGF‑β1 (P<0.05). The overexpression of TRB3 was found to promote activation of the TGF‑β1/Smad3 signaling pathway, EMT, and the upregulated expression of β‑catenin and EMT‑related genes and proteins (P<0.05), whereas the downregulation of TRB3 attenuated the promoting effect on EMT induced by TGF‑β1. In addition, the overexpression of TRB3 inhibited MLE‑12 cell proliferation by stimulating apoptosis, leading to the formation of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). The positive feedback loop demonstrated that TGF‑β1 induced the expression of TRB3, and TRB3, in turn, stimulated EMT and promoted the onset of PF through activation of the TGF‑β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Therefore, TRB3 may promote the formation of PF through the TGF‑β1/Smad3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Liyun Mi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Wencheng Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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Hu H, Tian M, Ding C, Yu S. The C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP) Transcription Factor Functions in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis and Microbial Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3083. [PMID: 30662442 PMCID: PMC6328441 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 586] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of cell death by which the body maintains the homeostasis of the internal environment. Apoptosis is an initiative cell death process that is controlled by genes and is mainly divided into endogenous pathways (mitochondrial pathway), exogenous pathways (death receptor pathway), and apoptotic pathways induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The homeostasis imbalance in ER results in ER stress. Under specific conditions, ER stress can be beneficial to the body; however, if ER protein homeostasis is not restored, the prolonged activation of the unfolded protein response may initiate apoptotic cell death via the up-regulation of the C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). CHOP plays an important role in ER stress-induced apoptosis and this review focuses on its multifunctional roles in that process, as well as its role in apoptosis during microbial infection. We summarize the upstream and downstream pathways of CHOP in ER stress induced apoptosis. We also focus on the newest discoveries in the functions of CHOP-induced apoptosis during microbial infection, including DNA and RNA viruses and some species of bacteria. Understanding how CHOP functions during microbial infection will assist with the development of antimicrobial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Hu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxing Tian
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Downregulation of TRB3 protects neurons against apoptosis induced by global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. Neuroscience 2017; 360:118-127. [PMID: 28782643 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury (GCI/R) can lead to neuronal apoptosis and contributes to permanent neurological sequelae. However, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effects of GCI/R on the tribbles homolog 3 (TRB3) and to explore the role of TRB3 in GCI/R. The GCI/R model was developed in Sprague-Dawley male rats by four-vessel occlusion. Subsequently, the expressions of TRB3, endoplasmic reticulum stress markers, and apoptosis-associated proteins were examined by western blot at 1h, 6h, 12h, 24h, and 72h after GCI/R. TRB3 short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) lentivirus was constructed and used to investigate the role of TRB3 in GCI/R-induced neuronal apoptosis. GCI/R increased the level of TRB3, endoplasmic reticulum stress markers, and pro-apoptotic proteins. The level of protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation was reduced during GCI/R. Administration of TRB3 shRNA lentivirus attenuated GCI/R-induced up-regulation of TRB3, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, TRB3 shRNA lentivirus reversed the reduced level of Akt phosphorylation induced by GCI/R. These data implied that TRB3 participated in the GCI/R-induced neuronal apoptosis. Knocking down TRB3 attenuated endoplasmic reticulum stress, enhanced Akt phosphorylation, and protected neurons from apoptosis in response to GCI/R. These results demonstrated that the downregulation of TRB3 may be a promising approach for treating GCI/R.
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Ma Y, Chen F, Yang S, Duan Y, Sun Z, Shi J. Silencing of TRB3 Ameliorates Diabetic Tubule Interstitial Nephropathy via PI3K/AKT Signaling in Rats. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:2816-2824. [PMID: 28600485 PMCID: PMC5475374 DOI: 10.12659/msm.902581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nephropathy, a chronic progressive kidney disease often characterized by glomeruli scarring and sclerosis, is a major complication of diabetes mellitus. Development of nephropathologic lesions has been shown to be associated with suppressed AKT phosphorylation and elevated level of apoptosis. Moreover, it has been established that the TRB3 gene is capable of inhibiting AKT phosphorylation and promoting apoptosis. Material/Methods In this study, we injected TRB3 siRNA into Wistar rats with type 1 diabetes, and monitored development of nephropathy in the rats. Urinary albumin excretion and serum creatinine were used as primary indicators, and nephritic histology was also examined. We also measured the serum level of pro-inflammatory cytokines collagen expression, and phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT proteins in the kidneys. Results By silencing the TRB3 gene with siRNA, diabetic-induced nephropathy symptoms were alleviated, such as increased serum creatinine level and urinary albumin secretion. Additionally, histological examination showed lower levels of nephropathic lesions, and samples of the kidneys showed less accumulation of collagen proteins. Levels of serum cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were also lowered, whereas phosphorylation levels of PI3K and AKT were increased. In summary, TRB3 silencing in diabetic rats had a significant ameliorative effect on their nephropathy. Conclusions Silencing of TRB3 has a significant ameliorative effect on diabetic nephropathy in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Suxia Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Yurui Duan
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China (mainland)
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Cheng WP, Lo HM, Wang BW, Chua SK, Lu MJ, Shyu KG. Atorvastatin alleviates cardiomyocyte apoptosis by suppressing TRB3 induced by acute myocardial infarction and hypoxia. J Formos Med Assoc 2016; 116:388-397. [PMID: 27645622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE TRB3 (tribbles 3), an apoptosis-regulated gene, increases during endoplasmic reticulum stress. Hypoxia can induce inflammatory mediators and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. However, the expression of TRB3 in cardiomyocyte apoptosis under hypoxia is not thoroughly known. We investigated the regulation mechanism of TRB3 expression and apoptosis induced by hypoxia in cardiomyocytes. METHODS An in vivo model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was applied in adult Wistar rats to induce myocardial hypoxia. Rat neonatal cardiomyocytes were subjected to 2.5% O2 to induce hypoxia. RESULTS The expression of TRB3 was evaluated in cultured rat neonatal cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia. Hypoxia significantly enhanced TRB3 protein and mRNA expression. Adding c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125, JNK small interfering RNA (siRNA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) antibody, and atorvastatin 30 minutes before hypoxia reversed the induction of TRB3 protein. A gel-shift assay showed the DNA-binding activity of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (GADD153), which increased after hypoxia. Hypoxia increased, whereas the TRB3-mut plasmid, SP600125, and TNF-α antibody abolished the hypoxia-induced TRB3 promoter activity. Hypoxia increased the secretion of TNF-α from cardiomyocytes. Exogenous administration of TNF-α recombinant protein to the cardiomyocytes without hypoxia increased TRB3 protein expression, similar to that observed after hypoxia. Hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis is inhibited by TRB3 siRNA, the TNF-α antibody, and atorvastatin. Atorvastatin reduced the TRB3 expression and cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by AMI. Hypoxia induces TRB3 through TNF-α, JNK, and the GADD153 pathway. CONCLUSION Treatment of atorvastatin inhibits the expression of TRB3 and cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by AMI and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Pin Cheng
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Ming Lo
- Division of Cardiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Bao-Wei Wang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Su-Kiat Chua
- Division of Cardiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of General Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Lu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kou-Gi Shyu
- Division of Cardiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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Zhao L, Chi L, Zhao J, Wang X, Chen Z, Meng L, Liu G, Guan G, Wang F. Serum response factor provokes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in renal tubular epithelial cells of diabetic nephropathy. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:580-8. [PMID: 27260841 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00058.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of serum response factor (SRF) in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) in diabetic nephropathy (DN). The expression of SRF, epithelial markers (E-cadherin and ZO-1), and mesenchymal markers (fibronectin, collagen-1, α-SMA, FSP-1) was examined in human proximal renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) or renal medulla tissues following high glucose. SRF was upregulated by SRF plasmids and downregulated by CCG-1423 (a small molecule inhibitor of SRF) to investigate how SRF influenced EMT in TECs of DN. Streptozotocin was used to generate DM in rats. In HK-2 cells after high-glucose treatment and renal medulla tissues of diabetic rats, SRF, fibronectin, collagen-1, α-SMA, and FSP-1 increased, while E-cadherin and ZO-1 declined. SRF overexpression in HK-2 cells induced expression of Snail, an important transcription factor mediating EMT. Blockade of SRF by CCG-1423 reduced Snail induction and protected TECs from EMT both in vitro and in vivo. Together, increased SRF activity promotes EMT in TECs and dysfunction in DN. Targeting SRF by small molecule inhibitor may be an attractive therapeutic strategy for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhen Chi
- Department of Obstetrics, Shandong Wulian People's Hospital, Rizhao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Xueling Wang
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghang Meng
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangju Guan
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
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14
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Mondal D, Mathur A, Chandra PK. Tripping on TRIB3 at the junction of health, metabolic dysfunction and cancer. Biochimie 2016; 124:34-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Jiang H, Zeng Z. Dual mTORC1/2 inhibition by INK-128 results in antitumor activity in preclinical models of osteosarcoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:255-61. [PMID: 26514724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Existing evidence has shown that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) overactivation is an important contributor of osteosarcoma (OS) progression. Here, we studied the potential anti-OS activity of a potent mTOR kinase inhibitor: INK-128 (MLN0128). We demonstrated that INK-128 induced potent cytotoxic effects against several human OS cell lines (U2OS, MG-63 and SaOs-2), yet same INK-128 treatment was safe (non-cytotoxic) to OB-6 human osteoblastic cells and MLO-Y4 human osteocytic cells. INK-128 induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in OS cells, but not in MLO-Y4/OB-6 cells. The caspase-3 specific inhibitor (z-DVED-fmk) or the pan caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-fmk) dramatically attenuated INK-128-exerted cytotoxicity against OS cells. Molecularly, INK-128 inhibited activation of mTORC1 (S6K1 and S6 phosphorylations) and mTORC2 (AKT Ser-473 phosphorylation), without affecting AKT Thr-308 phosphorylation in U2OS cells. Significantly, AKT inhibition by MK-2206 (an AKT inhibitor), or AKT1/2 stable knockdown by targeted-shRNA, remarkably sensitized INK-128-induced activity in OS cells. In vivo, oral administration of INK-128 potently inhibited U2OS xenograft growth in severe combined immuno-deficient (SCID) mice. mTORC1/2 activation in xenograft tumors was also suppressed with INK-128 administration. In summary, we show that INK-128 exerts potent anti-OS activity in vitro and in vivo. INK-128 might be further investigated as a novel anti-OS agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Jiang
- Department of Intensive Medicine, The Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China.
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16
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Wang H, Hu XX, Lu H. Changes of TRB3 and CHOP expression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:4636-4642. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i29.4636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the changes of Tribbles related protein 3 (TRB3) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) expression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats.
METHODS: Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal control group and an NAFLD group. The rats of the NAFLD group were given a high-fat, high-glucose diet for 16 weeks to induce NAFLD, while the normal control group was given an ordinary diet. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were detected with an automatic biochemical analyzer. The expression of TRB3 and CHOP mRNAs in the liver was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The expression of TRB3 and CHOP proteins in liver tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.
RESULTS: The levels of TC, TG, and LDL in the NAFLD group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group (P < 0.05), while the level of HDL was lower than that in the normal control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the normal group, levels of TRB3 and CHOP mRNAs and proteins in the NAFLD group were significantly increased (mRNA: P < 0.05 or P < 0.01; protein: P < 0.01). Flow cytometry analysis showed that the apoptosis in the NAFLD group was higher than that in the normal control group.
CONCLUSION: The changes of TRB3 and CHOP expression may play important roles in the development of NAFLD.
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17
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Wu K, Li N, Sun H, Xu T, Jin F, Nie J. Endoplasmic reticulum stress activation mediates Ginseng Rg3-induced anti-gallbladder cancer cell activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 466:369-75. [PMID: 26361144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we examined the potential effect of Ginsenoside Rg3 against gallbladder cancer cells, the underlying signaling mechanisms were also studied. We demonstrated that Rg3 exerted potent cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activity against established and primary human gallbladder cancer cells. Yet it was safe to non-cancerous gallbladder epithelial cells. At the molecular level, we showed that Rg3 induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activation, the latter was evidenced by C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) upregulation, inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1)/PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) phosphorylations, and caspase-12 activation in gallbladder cancer cells. Reversely, the ER stress inhibitor salubrinal, the caspase-12 inhibitor z-ATAD-fmk as well as CHOP shRNA knockdown significantly attenuated Rg3-induced cytotoxicity against gallbladder cancer cells. In vivo, we showed that Rg3 oral administration significantly inhibited GBC-SD gallbladder cancer xenograft growth in nude mice, its activity was, however, compromised with co-administration of the ER stress inhibitor salubrinal. Thus, we suggest that ER stress activation mediates Ginseng Rg3-induced anti-gallbladder cancer cell activity in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huaqin Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fa Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jifeng Nie
- Department of Minimally Invasive, Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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18
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Kong L, Wu H, Zhou W, Luo M, Tan Y, Miao L, Cai L. Sirtuin 1: A Target for Kidney Diseases. Mol Med 2015; 21:87-97. [PMID: 25587857 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is an evolutionarily conserved NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylase that is necessary for caloric restriction-related lifespan extension. SIRT1, as an intracellular energy sensor, detects the concentration of intracellular NAD(+) and uses this information to adapt cellular energy output to cellular energy requirements. Previous studies on SIRT1 have confirmed its beneficial effects on cellular immunity to oxidative stress, reduction of fibrosis, suppression of inflammation, inhibition of apoptosis, regulation of metabolism, induction of autophagy and regulation of blood pressure. All of the above biological processes are involved in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. Therefore, the activation of SIRT1 may become a therapeutic target to improve the clinical outcome of kidney diseases. In this review, we give an overview of SIRT1 and its molecular targets as well as SIRT1-modulated biological processes, with a particular focus on the role of SIRT1 in kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Kong
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Manyu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Yi Tan
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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