1
|
Tao K, Tao L, Huang J, Duan H, Luo Y, Li L. Complete chloroplast genome structural characterization of two Aerides (Orchidaceae) species with a focus on phylogenetic position of Aerides flabellata. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:552. [PMID: 38825700 PMCID: PMC11145882 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The disputed phylogenetic position of Aerides flabellata Rolfe ex Downie, due to morphological overlaps with related species, was investigated based on evidence of complete chloroplast (cp) genomes. The structural characterization of complete cp genomes of A. flabellata and A. rosea Lodd. ex Lindl. & Paxton were analyzed and compared with those of six related species in "Vanda-Aerides alliance" to provide genomic information on taxonomy and phylogeny. RESULTS The cp genomes of A. flabellata and A. rosea exhibited conserved quadripartite structures, 148,145 bp and 147,925 bp in length, with similar GC content (36.7 ~ 36.8%). Gene annotations revealed 110 single-copy genes, 18 duplicated in inverted regions, and ten with introns. Comparative analysis across related species confirmed stable sequence identity and higher variation in single-copy regions. However, there are notable differences in the IR regions between two Aerides Lour. species and the other six related species. The phylogenetic analysis based on CDS from complete cp genomes indicated that Aerides species except A. flabellata formed a monophyletic clade nested in the subtribe Aeridinae, being a sister group to Renanthera Lour., consistent with previous studies. Meanwhile, a separate clade consisted of A. flabellata and six Vanda R. Br. species was formed, as a sister taxon to Holcoglossum Schltr. CONCLUSIONS This research was the first report on the complete cp genomes of A. flabellata. The results provided insights into understanding of plastome evolution and phylogenetic relationships of Aerides. The phylogenetic analysis based on complete cp genomes showed that A. flabellata should be placed in Vanda rather than in Aerides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Tao
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Lei Tao
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Jialin Huang
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, Yunnan, 653100, China
| | - Hanning Duan
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China.
| | - Lu Li
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou CY, Zeng MY, Gao X, Zhao Z, Li R, Wu Y, Liu ZJ, Zhang D, Li MH. Characteristics and Comparative Analysis of Seven Complete Plastomes of Trichoglottis s.l. (Aeridinae, Orchidaceae). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14544. [PMID: 37833995 PMCID: PMC10572978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichoglottis exhibits a range of rich variations in colors and shapes of flower and is a valuable ornamental orchid genus. The genus Trichoglottis has been expanded by the inclusion of Staurochilus, but this Trichoglottis sensu lato (s.l.) was recovered as a non-monophyletic genus based on molecular sequences from one or a few DNA regions. Here, we present phylogenomic data sets, incorporating complete plastome sequences from seven species (including five species sequenced in this study) of Trichoglottis s.l. (including two species formerly treated as Staurochilus), to compare plastome structure and to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of this genus. The seven plastomes possessed the typical quadripartite structure of angiosperms and ranged from 149,402 bp to 149,841 bp with a GC content of 36.6-36.7%. These plastomes contain 120 genes, which comprise 74 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes, all ndh genes were pseudogenized or lost. A total of 98 (T. philippinensis) to 134 (T. ionosma) SSRs and 33 (T. subviolacea) to 46 (T. ionosma) long repeats were detected. The consistent and robust phylogenetic relationships of Trichoglottis were established using a total of 25 plastid genomes from the Aeridinae subtribe. The genus Trichoglottis s.l. was strongly supported as a monophyletic group, and two species formerly treated as Staurochilus were revealed as successively basal lineages. In addition, five mutational hotspots (trnNGUU-rpl32, trnLUAA, trnSGCU-trnGUCC, rbcL-accD, and trnTGGU-psbD) were identified based on the ranking of PI values. Our research indicates that plastome data is a valuable source for molecular identification and evolutionary studies of Trichoglottis and its related genera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at Landscape Architecture and Arts, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.-Y.Z.); (M.-Y.Z.); (X.G.); (Z.Z.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.-J.L.)
| | - Meng-Yao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at Landscape Architecture and Arts, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.-Y.Z.); (M.-Y.Z.); (X.G.); (Z.Z.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.-J.L.)
| | - Xuyong Gao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at Landscape Architecture and Arts, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.-Y.Z.); (M.-Y.Z.); (X.G.); (Z.Z.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.-J.L.)
| | - Zhuang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at Landscape Architecture and Arts, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.-Y.Z.); (M.-Y.Z.); (X.G.); (Z.Z.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.-J.L.)
| | - Ruyi Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at Landscape Architecture and Arts, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.-Y.Z.); (M.-Y.Z.); (X.G.); (Z.Z.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.-J.L.)
| | - Yuhan Wu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at Landscape Architecture and Arts, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.-Y.Z.); (M.-Y.Z.); (X.G.); (Z.Z.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.-J.L.)
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at Landscape Architecture and Arts, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.-Y.Z.); (M.-Y.Z.); (X.G.); (Z.Z.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.-J.L.)
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Diyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at Landscape Architecture and Arts, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.-Y.Z.); (M.-Y.Z.); (X.G.); (Z.Z.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.-J.L.)
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ming-He Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at Landscape Architecture and Arts, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.-Y.Z.); (M.-Y.Z.); (X.G.); (Z.Z.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.-J.L.)
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tao L, Duan H, Tao K, Luo Y, Li Q, Li L. Complete chloroplast genome structural characterization of two Phalaenopsis (Orchidaceae) species and comparative analysis with their alliance. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:359. [PMID: 37369999 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The taxonomy and infrageneric delimitation of Phalaenopsis Blume has been significantly disputed due to some overlapping morphological features between species related, which needed further evidence for clarification. The structural characterization of complete chloroplast genomes of P. storbatiana and P. wilsonii were analyzed and compared with those of related taxa to provide a better understanding of their genomic information on taxonomy and phylogeny. RESULTS It was shown that chloroplast genomes of Phalaenopsis storbatiana and P. wilsonii had a typical quadripartite structure with conserved genome arrangements and moderate divergence. The chloroplast genomes of P. storbatiana and P. wilsonii were 145,885 bp and 145,445 bp in length, respectively, and shared a similar GC content of 36.8%. Gene annotations of two species revealed 109 single-copy genes consistently. In addition, 20 genes duplicated in the inverted regions, 16 genes each possessed one or more introns, and five ndh (NA (D)H dehydrogenase) genes were observed in both. Comparative analysis of the total cp genomes of P. storbatiana and P. wilsonii with those of other six related Phalaenopsis species confirmed the stable sequence identity for coding and non-coding regions and higher sequence variation in SC regions than IR regions. Most of their protein-coding genes had a high degree of codon preference. Moreover, 45 genes were discovered with significantly positive selection. However, different amplifications in IR regions were observed in these eight species. Phylogenetic analysis based on CDS from 60 species representing main clades in Orchidaceae indicated that Phalaenopsis species including P. stobartiana and P. wilsonii formed a monophyletic clade with high bootstrap nested in tribe Vandeae of Epidendroideae, which was consistent with those from previous studies. CONCLUSIONS The results could provide insight into understanding the plastome evolution and phylogenetic relationships of Phalaenopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tao
- Department of Biological Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
- Department of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Hanning Duan
- Department of Biological Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Kaifeng Tao
- Department of Biological Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Horticulture and Gardening, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
- Kunming Xianghao Technology Co. Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Biological Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xiao T, He L, Yue L, Zhang Y, Lee SY. Comparative phylogenetic analysis of complete plastid genomes of Renanthera (Orchidaceae). Front Genet 2022; 13:998575. [PMID: 36186481 PMCID: PMC9515656 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.998575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to its attractive flower shape and color, Renanthera (Orchidaceae), comprising about 19 species, has significant ornamental value as a houseplant, in floral design and in landscape gardens. Two species of Renanthera are categorized as endangered and critically endangered in China’s Red List and international trade in these orchids is currently strictly monitored by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). This paper reports on the de novo assembled and annotated plastome of four species of Renanthera; R. citrina, R. coccinea, R. imschootiana, and R. philippinensis. The length of the plastome sequences ranged from 144,673 bp (R. imschootiana) to 149,007 bp (R. coccinea) with GC content of 36.6–36.7%. The plastomes showed a typical quadripartite structure, including a large single-copy (84,241–86,404 bp), a small single-copy (11,468–12,167 bp), and a pair of inverted repeats (24,482–25,715 bp) regions. Of the 120 genes detected, 74 were protein coding, 38 were tRNA, and eight were rRNA genes. The plastome of Renanthera is rather conserved, but nucleotide variations that could distinguish them apart are noticeable—the total number of tandem repeats ranged from 62 (in R. imschootiana) to 74 (in R. citrina); while the number of long repeats ranged from 21 (in R. imschootiana and R. philippinensis) to 43 (in R. citrina). Three hypervariable regions (psbI-trnS-GCU, trnG-GCC, rpl32) were identified. Phylogenetic analyses based on the CDS using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) revealed that Renanthera is closely related to Holcoglossum, Neofinetia, Pendulorchis, and Vanda. The relationship between the four species of Renanthera was fully resolved; a monophyletic clade was formed and R. coccinea was recorded as the first to diverge from the rest. The genetic data obtained from this study could serve as a useful resource for species identification in Renanthera as well as contribute to future research on the phylogenomics of Orchidaceae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Liefen He
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Liangliang Yue
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation, Restoration and Ecological Services, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Yonghong Zhang, ; Shiou Yih Lee,
| | - Shiou Yih Lee
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Yonghong Zhang, ; Shiou Yih Lee,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao J, Zhou P, Li X, Zhang L, Jin X, Xiang X. Temporal and Spatial Pattern of Holcoglossum Schltr. (Orchidaceae), an East Asian Endemic Genus, Based on Nuclear and Chloroplast Genes. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
6
|
Plastid phylogenomic data yield new and robust insights into the phylogeny of Cleisostoma–Gastrochilus clades (Orchidaceae, Aeridinae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 145:106729. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
7
|
Kim YK, Jo S, Cheon SH, Kwak M, Kim YD, Kim KJ. Plastome evolution and phylogeny of subtribe Aeridinae (Vandeae, Orchidaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 144:106721. [PMID: 31870921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Subtribe Aeridinae (Vandeae, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae) consists of 83 genera and 2,345 species. The present study completely decoded the plastomes and nuclear ribosomal (nr) RNA gene clusters of seven species of Aeridinae belonging to Gastrochilus, Neofinetia, Pelatantheria, and Thrixspermum and compared them with existing data to investigate their genome evolution and phylogeny. Although no large structural variations were observed among the Aeridinae plastomes, 14 small inversions (SI) were found in Orchidaceae for the first time. Therefore, the evolutionary trends and usefulness of SI as molecular identification markers were evaluated. Since all 11 ndh genes in the Aeridinae plastome were lost or pseudogenized, the evolutionary trends of ndh genes are discussed at the tribe and family levels. In the maximum likelihood tree reconstructed from 83 plastome genes, the five Orchidaceae subfamilies were shown to have diverged in the following order: Apostasioideae, Vanilloideae, Cypripedioideae, Orchioideae, Epidendroideaeae. Divergence times for major lineages were found to be more recent, 5-10 Mya, than previous studies, which only used two or three genes. Vandeae, which includes Aeridinae, formed a sister group with Cymbidieae and Epidendreae. The Vandeae, Cymbidieae, and Epidendreae lineages were inferred to have diverged at 25.31 Mya; thus, numerous speciation events within Aeridineae occurred since then. Furthermore, the present study reconstructed a phylogenetic tree from 422 nrITS sequences belonging to Aerdinae and allied taxa and uses it to discuss the phylogenetic positions and species identities of five endangered species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kee Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjin Jo
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hwan Cheon
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Myounghai Kwak
- Department of Plant Resources, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Dong Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Joong Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bahadur S, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Sultana S, Begum N, Ashfaq S, Gul S, Khan MS, Shah SN, Ullah F, Saqib S, Ayaz A. Palyno‐anatomical studies of monocot taxa and its taxonomic implications using light and scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 82:373-393. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saraj Bahadur
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- Center for Natural Products LabChengdu Institute of Biology, Chines Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Najla Begum
- Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Shomaila Ashfaq
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Saba Gul
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | | | - Syed Nasar Shah
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Fazal Ullah
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource UtilizationChengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary BotanyInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Saddam Saqib
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary BotanyInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Asma Ayaz
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Takamiya T, Kitamura S, Suzuki S, Shioda N, Matsuo Y, Murase K, Kaiho Y, Tsurumaki Y, Fujiwara Y, Sone M, Machida T, Matsumoto R, Miyamoto A, Hirose D, Furukawa M, Makino M, Matsuzaki K, Kitanaka S, Yukawa T, Iijima H. Identification of Two Phenanthrene Derivatives from Australasian Allied Species in Genus Dendrobium. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:642-650. [PMID: 29618669 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Genus Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) contains numerous species. Phylogenetic analyses based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequences indicated that this genus is divided into two major groups: Asian and Australasian clades. On the other hand, little is known about the phytochemical differences and similarities among the species in each clade. In this study, we selected 18 Dendrobium species (11 from the Asian clade and 7 from the Australasian clade) and constructed HPLC profiles, arrays composed of relative intensity of the chromatographic peaks. Next, orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to the profile matrix to classify Dendrobium species into the Asian and Australasian clades in order to identify the peaks that significantly contribute to the class separation. In the end, two phenanthrenes, 4,9-dimethoxyphenanthrene-2,5-diol 1 and 1,5-dimethoxyphenanthrene-2,7-diol 2, which contributed to the class separation, were isolated from the HPLC peaks. The existence of 2 was limited to the genetically related Australasian species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tomohisa Yukawa
- Tsukuba Botanical Garden, National Museum of Nature and Science
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gale SW, Duangjai S, Li J, Ito Y, Watthana S, Termwutthipreecha P, Cheuk ML, Suddee S. Integrative analyses of Nervilia (Orchidaceae) section Linervia reveal further undescribed cryptic diversity in Thailand. SYST BIODIVERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2017.1415233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan W. Gale
- Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, Lam Kam Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Sutee Duangjai
- Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Jihong Li
- Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, Lam Kam Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Ito
- Plant Phylogenetics and Conservation Group, Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Santi Watthana
- School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Phatsara Termwutthipreecha
- Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Mang Lung Cheuk
- Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, Lam Kam Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Somran Suddee
- Forest Herbarium, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dirks-Mulder A, Butôt R, van Schaik P, Wijnands JWPM, van den Berg R, Krol L, Doebar S, van Kooperen K, de Boer H, Kramer EM, Smets EF, Vos RA, Vrijdaghs A, Gravendeel B. Exploring the evolutionary origin of floral organs of Erycina pusilla, an emerging orchid model system. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:89. [PMID: 28335712 PMCID: PMC5364718 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-0938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thousands of flowering plant species attract pollinators without offering rewards, but the evolution of this deceit is poorly understood. Rewardless flowers of the orchid Erycina pusilla have an enlarged median sepal and incised median petal ('lip') to attract oil-collecting bees. These bees also forage on similar looking but rewarding Malpighiaceae flowers that have five unequally sized petals and gland-carrying sepals. The lip of E. pusilla has a 'callus' that, together with winged 'stelidia', mimics these glands. Different hypotheses exist about the evolutionary origin of the median sepal, callus and stelidia of orchid flowers. RESULTS The evolutionary origin of these organs was investigated using a combination of morphological, molecular and phylogenetic techniques to a developmental series of floral buds of E. pusilla. The vascular bundle of the median sepal indicates it is a first whorl organ but its convex epidermal cells reflect convergence of petaloid features. Expression of AGL6 EpMADS4 and APETALA3 EpMADS14 is low in the median sepal, possibly correlating with its petaloid appearance. A vascular bundle indicating second whorl derivation leads to the lip. AGL6 EpMADS5 and APETALA3 EpMADS13 are most highly expressed in lip and callus, consistent with current models for lip identity. Six vascular bundles, indicating a stamen-derived origin, lead to the callus, stelidia and stamen. AGAMOUS is not expressed in the callus, consistent with its sterilization. Out of three copies of AGAMOUS and four copies of SEPALLATA, EpMADS22 and EpMADS6 are most highly expressed in the stamen. Another copy of AGAMOUS, EpMADS20, and the single copy of SEEDSTICK, EpMADS23, are most highly expressed in the stelidia, suggesting EpMADS22 may be required for fertile stamens. CONCLUSIONS The median sepal, callus and stelidia of E. pusilla appear to be derived from a sepal, a stamen that gained petal identity, and stamens, respectively. Duplications, diversifying selection and changes in spatial expression of different MADS-box genes shaped these organs, enabling the rewardless flowers of E. pusilla to mimic an unrelated rewarding flower for pollinator attraction. These genetic changes are not incorporated in current models and urge for a rethinking of the evolution of deceptive flowers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Dirks-Mulder
- Endless Forms group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Vondellaan 55, 2332 AA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Zernikedreef 11, 2333 CK, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Butôt
- Endless Forms group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Vondellaan 55, 2332 AA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van Schaik
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Zernikedreef 11, 2333 CK, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem P M Wijnands
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Zernikedreef 11, 2333 CK, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roel van den Berg
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Zernikedreef 11, 2333 CK, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Louie Krol
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Zernikedreef 11, 2333 CK, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sadhana Doebar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Zernikedreef 11, 2333 CK, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kelly van Kooperen
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Zernikedreef 11, 2333 CK, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo de Boer
- Endless Forms group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Vondellaan 55, 2332 AA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,The Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, Uppsala, SE-75236, Sweden
| | - Elena M Kramer
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Erik F Smets
- Endless Forms group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Vondellaan 55, 2332 AA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation cluster, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rutger A Vos
- Endless Forms group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Vondellaan 55, 2332 AA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Vrijdaghs
- Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation cluster, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Barbara Gravendeel
- Endless Forms group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Vondellaan 55, 2332 AA, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Zernikedreef 11, 2333 CK, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Institute Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ponert J, Trávníček P, Vuong TB, Rybková R, Suda J. A New Species of Cleisostoma (Orchidaceae) from the Hon Ba Nature Reserve in Vietnam: A Multidisciplinary Assessment. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150631. [PMID: 27008538 PMCID: PMC4805174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species, Cleisostoma yersinii J. Ponert & Vuong, is described and illustrated based on the material collected in the Hon Ba Nature Reserve in southern Vietnam. In addition to conventional (macro)morphological examination we comparatively investigated root and leaf anatomy (using light and fluorescent microscopy), assessed nectar characteristics (using HPLC analysis), determined nuclear genome size (using DNA flow cytometry) and reconstructed phylogenetic relationships (using nrITS sequences). Cleisostoma yersinii differs from its putative closest relative C. birmanicum in wider and shorter leaves, larger flowers, distinct lip with S-shaped tip of the mid-lobe, and a shallow spur with two large nectar sacks separated by prominent calli and septum. Nectar is sucrose-dominant and very rich in sugars. Stomata are developed on both sides of the leaf and have prominent hyperstomatal chambers and substomatal cavities. Roots with well-developed exodermis and tracheoidal idioblasts are covered by a two-layer Vanda-type velamen. Chloroplasts occur not only in the cortex but are also abundant in the stele. Mean 1C-value was estimated to 2.57 pg DNA. An updated identification key is provided for SE Asian sections and all Vietnamese species of Cleisostoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ponert
- Prague Botanical Garden, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Pavel Trávníček
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Truong Ba Vuong
- Institute of Tropical Biology, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Jan Suda
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zou LH, Huang JX, Zhang GQ, Liu ZJ, Zhuang XY. A molecular phylogeny of Aeridinae (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) inferred from multiple nuclear and chloroplast regions. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 85:247-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
14
|
Takamiya T, Wongsawad P, Sathapattayanon A, Tajima N, Suzuki S, Kitamura S, Shioda N, Handa T, Kitanaka S, Iijima H, Yukawa T. Molecular phylogenetics and character evolution of morphologically diverse groups, Dendrobium section Dendrobium and allies. AOB PLANTS 2014; 6:plu045. [PMID: 25107672 PMCID: PMC4172198 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plu045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
It is always difficult to construct coherent classification systems for plant lineages having diverse morphological characters. The genus Dendrobium, one of the largest genera in the Orchidaceae, includes ∼1100 species, and enormous morphological diversification has hindered the establishment of consistent classification systems covering all major groups of this genus. Given the particular importance of species in Dendrobium section Dendrobium and allied groups as floriculture and crude drug genetic resources, there is an urgent need to establish a stable classification system. To clarify phylogenetic relationships in Dendrobium section Dendrobium and allied groups, we analysed the macromolecular characters of the group. Phylogenetic analyses of 210 taxa of Dendrobium were conducted on DNA sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of 18S-26S nuclear ribosomal DNA and the maturase-coding gene (matK) located in an intron of the plastid gene trnK using maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods. The parsimony and Bayesian analyses revealed 13 distinct clades in the group comprising section Dendrobium and its allied groups. Results also showed paraphyly or polyphyly of sections Amblyanthus, Aporum, Breviflores, Calcarifera, Crumenata, Dendrobium, Densiflora, Distichophyllae, Dolichocentrum, Holochrysa, Oxyglossum and Pedilonum. On the other hand, the monophyly of section Stachyobium was well supported. It was found that many of the morphological characters that have been believed to reflect phylogenetic relationships are, in fact, the result of convergence. As such, many of the sections that have been recognized up to this point were found to not be monophyletic, so recircumscription of sections is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Takamiya
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Pheravut Wongsawad
- Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | | | - Natsuko Tajima
- Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Shunichiro Suzuki
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Saki Kitamura
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Nao Shioda
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Handa
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Susumu Kitanaka
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iijima
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Yukawa
- Tsukuba Botanical Garden, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fan J, He R, Zhang Y, Jin X. Systematic significance of leaf epidermal features in holcoglossum (orchidaceae). PLoS One 2014; 9:e101557. [PMID: 24983996 PMCID: PMC4077813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the generic delimitations within Aeridinae has been a significant issue in the taxonomy of Orchidaceae, and Holcoglossum is a typical case. We investigated the phylogenetic utility of the morphological traits of leaf epidermis in the taxonomy of Holcoglossum s.l. by using light and scanning electron microscopy to analyze 38 samples representing 12 species of Holcoglossum, with five species from five closely related genera, such as Ascocentrum, Luisia, Papilionanthe, Rhynchostylis and Vanda. Our results indicated that Holcoglossum can be distinguished from the related genera based on cuticular wax characteristics, and the inclusion of Holcoglossum himalaicum in Holcoglossum is supported by the epidermis characteristics found by LM and SEM. The percentage of the tetracytic, brachyparacytic, and laterocytic stomata types as well as the stomata index and certain combinations of special wax types support infrageneric clades and phylogenetic relationships that have been inferred from molecular data. Laterocytic and polarcytic stomata are perhaps ecological adaptations to the strong winds and ample rains in the alpine region of the Hengduanshan Mountains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fan
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Runli He
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yinbo Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaohua Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Systematics and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hidayat T, Arif SM, Samad AA. Molecular biodiversity of selected mango cultivars based on DNA sequences of internal transcribed spacer region. Pak J Biol Sci 2014; 16:1072-5. [PMID: 24502175 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2013.1072.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The mango (Mangifer indica L.) is an important species of the family Anacardiaceae and is one of the most important crops cultivated commercially in many parts of the world. Hence, a better understanding of the phylogeny in this species is crucial as it is the basis knowledge of improving its genetic resources which is beneficial for breeding programs. Phylogenetic relationships among 13 mango cultivars from Indonesia, Malaysia and Taiwan were carried out by comparing DNA sequence data sets derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region pfnuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA). Analysis using parsimony method showed that the cultivars were classified into three major groups. The first group composed almost Malaysian cultivars although with low bootstrap value, the second group consisted of mainly Taiwan cultivars and the last group included mostly Indonesia one. The results indicated that some cultivars have a close relationships with each other even it is originated from different countries. With regards to the relationship among these cultivars, this gives better insight for generating new cultivar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Topik Hidayat
- Department of Biology Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI), Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Shahkila Mohd Arif
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Azman Abd Samad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang GQ, Liu KW, Chen LJ, Xiao XJ, Zhai JW, Li LQ, Cai J, Hsiao YY, Rao WH, Huang J, Ma XY, Chung SW, Huang LQ, Tsai WC, Liu ZJ. A new molecular phylogeny and a new genus, Pendulorchis, of the Aerides-Vanda alliance (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae). PLoS One 2013; 8:e60097. [PMID: 23577083 PMCID: PMC3618120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Aerides-Vanda alliance is a complex group in the subtribe Aeridinae (subfamily Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae). Some phylogenetic systems of this alliance have been previously proposed based on molecular and morphological analyses. However, several taxonomic problems within this alliance as well as between it and its allies remain unsolved. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We utilized ITS and five plastid DNA regions in this phylogenetic analysis. Consensus trees strongly indicate that the Aerides-Vanda alliance is monophyletic, and the 14 genera of this alliance can be grouped into the following clades with 14 subclades: 1. Aerides, comprising two subclades: Rhynchostylis and Aerides; 2. Ascocentropsis; 3. Papilionanthe; 4. Vanda, comprising five subclades: Neofinetia, Christensonia, Seidenfadenia, Ascocentrum, and Vanda-Trudelia, in which Vanda and Trudelia form a subclade; 5. Tsiorchis, comprising three subclades: Chenorchis, Tsiorchis, and two species of Ascocentrum; 6. Paraholcoglossum; and 7. Holcoglossum. Among the 14 genera, only Ascocentrum is triphyletic: two species of the Ascocentrum subclade, an independent subclade Ascocentrum subclade in the Tsiorchis clade; the Ascocentrum subclade in the Vanda clade; and one species in the Holcoglossum clade. The Vanda and Trudelia species belong to the same subclade. The molecular conclusion is consistent with their morphological characteristics. CONCLUSIONS We elucidate the relationship among the 14 genera of the Aerides-Vanda alliance. Our phylogenetic results reveal that the Aerides-Vanda alliance is monophyletic, but it can be divided into 14 genera. The data prove that Ascocentrum is triphyletic. Plants with elongate-terete leaves and small flowers should be treated as a new genus, Pendulorchis. Saccolabium himalaicum (Ascocentrum himalaicum) should be transferred to Pendulorchis. Ascocentrum pumilum, endemic to Taiwan, should be transferred to Holcoglossum. A new combination, Holcoglossum pumilum, was also established. Trudelia should not be recognized as an independent genus. Two new species, Pendulorchis gaoligongensis and Holcoglossum singchianum, were described as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Landscape College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ke-Wei Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- The Center for Biotechnology and BioMedicine, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Jun Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin-Ju Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun-Wen Zhai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Qiang Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu-Yun Hsiao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hui Rao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xue-Yong Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shih-Wen Chung
- Department of Botany, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lai-Qiang Huang
- The Center for Biotechnology and BioMedicine, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen-Chieh Tsai
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Orchid Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (ZJL); (WCT)
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- The Center for Biotechnology and BioMedicine, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- College of Forestry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Landscape College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZJL); (WCT)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xiang X, Li D, Jin X, Hu H, Zhou H, Jin W, Lai Y. Monophyly or paraphyly--the taxonomy of Holcoglossum (Aeridinae: Orchidaceae). PLoS One 2012; 7:e52050. [PMID: 23251681 PMCID: PMC3522637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there have been a lot of intense debates about the acceptance/rejection of paraphyletic groups in biological classification. On the one hand, evolutionary classification states that similarity and common descent are two criteria for biological classification and paraphyletic groups are natural units of biological classification. On the other hand, cladistic classification considers that common descent is the only criterion in biological classification and monophyly should be strictly adhered to. Holcoglossum is used herein as a case to illustrate this problem. Although Holcoglossum is a small orchid genus of less than 20 species, there is little consensus about its generic circumscription since it was established, which leads to confusion in taxonomic treatments in the Aerides-Vanda group. Based on the analyses of molecular and morphological evidence, our results suggest that the clade comprising Holcoglossum s.s., Ascolabium, Penkimia and Ascocentrum himalaicum is strongly supported as a monophyly, and that the three taxa are nested within different subclades of Holcoglossum s.s. Thus, it is reasonable to recognize a monophyletic circumscription of Holcoglossum, which is also well supported by some vegetative and floral characters. The Holcoglossum s.l. would facilitate a better understanding of pollinator-driven floral divergence and vegetative stasis than a paraphyletic and narrowly defined genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguo Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xiaohua J, Dezhu L, Zongxin R, Xiaoguo X. A generalized deceptive pollination system of Doritis pulcherrima (Aeridinae: Orchidaceae) with non-reconfigured pollinaria. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:67. [PMID: 22571550 PMCID: PMC3388949 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of largest angiosperm families, orchids have long fascinated evolutionary biologists with their staggering diversity in floral design and display to promote outcrossing. Two of the most intriguing aspects of orchid pollination that promote cross-pollination are pollinarium reconfiguration (PR) and deceptive pollination. PR and generalized food deception employ virtually antagonistic methods of promoting cross-pollination: PR occurs through delayed pollination, involving the relatively long visitation periods that are typically observed for the pollinators of one flower or inflorescence; conversely, generalized food deception leads to reductions in the visitation periods of pollinators to one flower or inflorescence. Thus, it is logical to hypothesize that PR is unnecessary or PR happens soon in generalized food-deceptive orchids in the promotion of cross-pollination. Using Doritis pulcherrima as a model, the aim of this study was to understand the following: (1) the pollination and breeding system of D. pulcherrima; (2) the morphological interactions between orchids and their pollinators; and (3) whether PR is necessary in the promotion of cross-pollination in D. pulcherrima. RESULTS Our observations indicated that Doritis pulcherrima is pollinated almost exclusively by Amegilla nigritar (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and possesses pollinia that are deposited on the "occiputs" (cervical membranes) of these insects. All of evidences are indicated that D. pulcherrima is a generalized food-deceptive orchid. Our morphometric measurements of the flowers and pollinators show that the heights of the "occiputs" with un-oriented pollinaria were equal to the distances between stigmas and surfaces of the middle lobes, suggesting that pollinarium reconfiguration is not necessary in Doritis pulcherrima. CONCLUSIONS Our observation and analyses supported the hypothesis that pollinarium reconfiguration is unnecessary in generalized food-deceptive orchids, such as Doritis pulcherrima, for the promotion of cross-pollination. This conclusion was indirectly supported by the abundance of deceptive orchids that do not exhibit pollinarium reconfiguration. There are two mechanisms (i.e. clone-growing characteristics and a long flowering season) that promote fruit sets in the epiphytic food-deceptive orchids in tropical regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xiaohua
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany & Herbarium, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Li Dezhu
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Ren Zongxin
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Xiang Xiaoguo
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany & Herbarium, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu KW, Xie GC, Chen LJ, Xiao XJ, Zheng YY, Cai J, Zhai JW, Zhang GQ, Liu ZJ. Sinocurculigo, a new genus of Hypoxidaceae from China based on molecular and morphological evidence. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38880. [PMID: 22761711 PMCID: PMC3384634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The monocot family Hypoxidaceae consists of nine genera with nearly 200 species. They occur mostly in the Southern Hemisphere with only a few species in the Northern Hemisphere, of which three genera, Hypoxis, Molineria, and Curculigo, with eight species are distributed in China. Recently, we have found a hypoxid-like plant in China that is quite different in floral structure from any of the three genera and even of the known taxa in Hypoxidaceae. Methodology/Principal Findings In addition to morphological analysis, we performed maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference analyses based on fragments of the chloroplast matK and rbcL genes of 60 taxa in 12 families representing all major clades of the Hypoxidaceae alliance. Results showed that Hypoxidaceae is monophyletic and and that the new plant belongs to it, forming a distinct clade within the family Hypoxidaceae as a sister of Molineria. Phylogeny of the Hypoxidaceae family was constructed based on a combined matrix of the chloroplast rbcL, trnS-G, and trnL-F regions of 59 taxa in Hypoxidaceae and its alliance. Findings of the molecular investigation is consistent with those of the morphological analysis. Conclusions/Significance Based on the results of our molecular and morphological analyses in the present study, we propose a new genus, Sinocurculigo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Wei Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- The Center for Biotechnology and BioMedicine, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gao-Chang Xie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Jun Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin-Ju Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu-Yun Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- The Center for Biotechnology and BioMedicine, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun-Wen Zhai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (GQZ); (ZJL)
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- The Center for Biotechnology and BioMedicine, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- College of Forestry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (GQZ); (ZJL)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu ZJ, Chen LJ, Chen SC, Cai J, Tsai WC, Hsiao YY, Rao WH, Ma XY, Zhang GQ. Paraholcoglossum and Tsiorchis, two new orchid genera established by molecular and morphological analyses of the Holcoglossum alliance. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24864. [PMID: 22016762 PMCID: PMC3189912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Holcoglossum is a small orchid genus of 12 species ranging from SW China to Thailand and NE India. Although molecular and morphological analyses have been performed to establish the phylogenetic relationships within this genus, the interspecific relations and its relations with allied genera, such as Rhynchostylis, Aerides and Vanda, remain unclear. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In addition to morphological analysis, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference analyses were performed based on fragments of the nuclear ITS and chloroplast trnL-F and matK genes of 31 taxa (15 Holcoglossum, 14 Aeridinae, 2 outgroups) representing all major clades of the Holcoglossum alliance. The results suggest that Holcoglossum is triphyletic, comprising three clades: the Holcoglossum clade, its sister clade, and a distant clade more closely related to Rhynchostylis, Aerides, and Vanda than to the Holcoglossum clade. The Holcoglossum clade is further divided into three subclades; the genetic distances between these three subclades also support this delimitation. The molecular conclusion is consistent with their distinct morphological characters. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the latter two clades comprise two new genera, Paraholcoglossum and Tsiorchis, and Holcoglossum clade divides into three sections. In addition, a new section, Holcoglossum sect. Nujiangensia, and a new species, Holcoglossum linearifolium, are proposed. Some new combinations are made, and a new scheme is provided for the classification of all species of Holcoglossum, Paraholcoglossum, and Tsiorchis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Jian Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- The Center for Biotechnology and BioMedicine, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- College of Forestry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZJL); (GQZ)
| | - Li-Jun Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sing-Chi Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen-Chieh Tsai
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences, and Orchid Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, China
| | - Yu-Yun Hsiao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, China
| | - Wen-Hui Rao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xue-Yong Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (ZJL); (GQZ)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Takamiya T, Wongsawad P, Tajima N, Shioda N, Lu JF, Wen CL, Wu JB, Handa T, Iijima H, Kitanaka S, Yukawa T. Identification of dendrobium species used for herbal medicines based on ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequence. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:779-82. [PMID: 21532173 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stems of genus Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) have been traditionally used as an herbal medicine (Dendrobii Herba) in Eastern Asia. Although demand for Dendrobium is increasing rapidly, wild resources are decreasing due to over-collection. This study aimed to identify plant sources of Dendrobii Herba on the market based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA. We constructed an ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequence database of 196 Dendrobium species, and the database was employed to identify 21 herbal samples. We found that 13 Dendrobium species (D. catenatum, D. cucullatum, D. denudans, D. devonianum, D. eriiflorum, D. hancockii, D. linawianum, D. lituiflorum, D. loddigesii, D. polyanthum, D. primulinum, D. regium, and D. transparens) were possibly used as plant sources of Dendrobii Herba, and unidentified species allied to D. denudans, D. eriiflorum, D. gregulus, or D. hemimelanoglossum were also used as sources. Furthermore, it is clear that D. catenatum is one of the most important sources of Dendrobii Herba (5 out of 21 samples).
Collapse
|
23
|
Khew GSW, Chia TF. Parentage determination of Vanda Miss Joaquim (Orchidaceae) through two chloroplast genes rbcL and matK. AOB PLANTS 2011; 2011:plr018. [PMID: 22476488 PMCID: PMC3156982 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plr018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The popular hybrid orchid Vanda Miss Joaquim was made Singapore's national flower in 1981. It was originally described in the Gardeners' Chronicle in 1893, as a cross between Vanda hookeriana and Vanda teres. However, no record had been kept as to which parent contributed the pollen. This study was conducted using DNA barcoding techniques to determine the pod parent of V. Miss Joaquim, thereby inferring the pollen parent of the hybrid by exclusion. METHODOLOGY Two chloroplast genes, matK and rbcL, from five related taxa, V. hookeriana, V. teres var. alba, V. teres var. andersonii, V. teres var. aurorea and V. Miss Joaquim 'Agnes', were sequenced. The matK gene from herbarium specimens of V. teres and V. Miss Joaquim, both collected in 1893, was also sequenced. PRINCIPAL RESULTS No sequence variation was found in the 600-bp region of rbcL sequenced. Sequence variation was found in the matK gene of V. hookeriana, V. teres var. alba, V. teres var. aurorea and V. Miss Joaquim 'Agnes'. Complete sequence identity was established between V. teres var. andersonii and V. Miss Joaquim 'Agnes'. The matK sequences obtained from the herbarium specimens of V. teres and V. Miss Joaquim were completely identical to the sequences obtained from the fresh samples of V. teres var. andersonii and V. Miss Joaquim 'Agnes'. CONCLUSIONS The pod parent of V. Miss Joaquim 'Agnes' is V. teres var. andersonii and, by exclusion, the pollen parent is V. hookeriana. The herbarium and fresh samples of V. teres var. andersonii and V. Miss Joaquim share the same inferred maternity. The matK gene was more informative than rbcL and facilitated differentiation of varieties of V. teres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Su-Wen Khew
- Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569, Singapore
| | - Tet Fatt Chia
- Natural Sciences and Science Education AG, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
FATTMAH, SUKMA DEWI. Development of Sequence-Based Microsatellite Marker for Phalaenopsis Orchid. HAYATI JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES 2011. [DOI: 10.4308/hjb.18.2.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
25
|
Stpiczyńska M, Davies KL, Kamińska M. Comparative anatomy of the nectary spur in selected species of Aeridinae (Orchidaceae). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2011; 107:327-45. [PMID: 21183455 PMCID: PMC3043926 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcq246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To date, the structure of the nectary spur of Aeridinae has not been studied in detail, and data relating to the nectaries of ornithophilous orchids remain scarce. The present paper compares the structural organization of the floral nectary in a range of Aeridinae species, including both entomophilous and ornithophilous taxa. METHODS Nectary spurs of Ascocentrum ampullaceum (Roxb.) Schltr. var. aurantiacum Pradhan, A. curvifolium (Lindl.) Schltr., A. garayi Christenson, Papilionanthe vandarum (Rchb.f.) Garay, Schoenorchis gemmata (Lindl.) J.J. Sm., Sedirea japonica (Rchb.f.) Garay & H.R. Sweet and Stereochilus dalatensis (Guillaumin) Garay were examined by means of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. KEY RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The diverse anatomy of the nectary is described for a range of Aeridinae species. All species of Ascocentrum investigated displayed features characteristic of ornithophilous taxa. They have weakly zygomorphic, scentless, red or orange flowers, display diurnal anthesis, possess cryptic anther caps and produce nectar that is secluded in a relatively massive nectary spur. Unicellular, secretory hairs line the lumen at the middle part of the spur. Generally, however, with the exception of Papilionanthe vandarum, the nectary spurs of all entomophilous species studied here (Schoenorchis gemmata, Sedirea japonica, Stereochilus dalatensis) lack secretory trichomes. Moreover, collenchymatous secretory tissue, present only in the nectary spur of Asiatic Ascocentrum species, closely resembles that found in nectaries of certain Neotropical species that are hummingbird-pollinated and assigned to subtribes Maxillariinae Benth., Laeliinae Benth. and Oncidiinae Benth. This similarity in anatomical organization of the nectary, regardless of geographical distribution and phylogeny, indicates convergence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Stpiczyńska
- University of Life Sciences, ul. Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- University of Warsaw, Botanic Garden, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Kevin L. Davies
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Identification of medicinal Dendrobium species by phylogenetic analyses using matK and rbcL sequences. J Nat Med 2010; 64:133-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-009-0379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
27
|
Ogura-Tsujita Y, Yukawa T. Epipactis helleborine shows strong mycorrhizal preference towards ectomycorrhizal fungi with contrasting geographic distributions in Japan. MYCORRHIZA 2008; 18:331-8. [PMID: 18661158 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-008-0187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz, one of the most widespread orchid species, occurs in a broad range of habitats. This orchid is fully myco-heterotrophic in the germination stage and partially myco-heterotrophic in the adult stage, suggesting that a mycorrhizal partner is one of the key factors that determines whether E. helleborine successfully colonizes a specific environment. We focused on the coastal habitat of Japanese E. helleborine and surveyed the mycorrhizal fungi from geographically different coastal populations that grow in Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) forests of coastal sand dunes. Mycorrhizal fungi and plant haplotypes were then compared with those from inland populations. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of large subunit rRNA sequences of fungi from its roots revealed that E. helleborine is mainly associated with several ectomycorrhizal taxa of the Pezizales, such as Wilcoxina, Tuber, and Hydnotrya. All individuals from coastal dunes were exclusively associated with a pezizalean fungus, Wilcoxina, which is ectomycorrhizal with pine trees growing on coastal dunes. Wilcoxina was not detected in inland forests. Coastal populations were indistinguishable from inland populations based on plant trnL intron haplotypes. Our results indicate that mycorrhizal association with geographically restricted pezizalean ectomycorrhizal fungi is a key control upon this orchid species' distribution across widely different forest habitats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ogura-Tsujita
- Tsukuba Botanical Garden, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kocyan A, Vogel EFD, Conti E, Gravendeel B. Molecular phylogeny of Aerides (Orchidaceae) based on one nuclear and two plastid markers: A step forward in understanding the evolution of the Aeridinae. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2008; 48:422-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2007] [Revised: 01/19/2008] [Accepted: 02/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
29
|
Motomura H, Yukawa T, Ueno O, Kagawa A. The occurrence of crassulacean acid metabolism in Cymbidium (Orchidaceae) and its ecological and evolutionary implications. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2008; 121:163-77. [PMID: 18246297 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-007-0144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Accepted: 12/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is one of the photosynthetic pathways regarded as adaptations to water stress in land plants. Little is known about correlations among the level of CAM activity, environment of habitat, life form, and phylogenetic relationship of a plant group from an evolutionary perspective. We examined these relationships in 18 species of Cymbidium (Orchidaceae) because the genus shows distinctive diversification of habitats and life forms. The photosynthetic type was classed into three categories, strong CAM, weak CAM, and C(3) on the basis of CAM activity. CAM expression in Cymbidium was confined to the epiphytic and lithophytic species. Especially, all of these species from tropical to subtropical rainforest exhibited CAM activity. On the other hand, the terrestrial species always exhibited C(3) metabolism irrespective of their varied habitats. Regarding the evolution of photosynthetic characters, weak CAM was the ancestral state in Cymbidium and strong CAM and C(3) metabolism occurred subsequently. The evolution of strong CAM likely enabled Cymbidium to extend to exposed sites in tropical lowland where marked water stress exists. Further, different levels of CAM activity characterized each species and such potential plasticity of CAM may realize the radiation of Cymbidium into sites with different environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Motomura
- Tsukuba Botanical Garden, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tsutsumi C, Yukawa T, Lee NS, Lee CS, Kato M. Phylogeny and comparative seed morphology of epiphytic and terrestrial species of Liparis (Orchidaceae) in Japan. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2007; 120:405-12. [PMID: 17396221 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-007-0077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the evolution of epiphytes in Liparis section Liparis, we examined the phylogenetic relationships of 16 species by using internal transcribed spacer regions of 18S-26S nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS) and three chloroplast DNA regions (trnS-trnG spacer, trnL with trnL-trnF spacer, and partial matK). Results showed that the epiphytic L. fujisanensis is sister to the terrestrial L. koreana and L. kumokiri, while another epiphyte, L. truncata, is sister to the terrestrial L. krameri. Therefore, the two epiphytic species evolved from terrestrial species independently in section Liparis. Comparative seed morphology revealed that the epiphytes have larger embryos than their closely related terrestrial counterparts. A similar trend toward the increase of embryo size in the two epiphytic species belonging to closely related, but distinct clades suggests that the large embryo may have an advantage in the epiphytic lifestyle. The two epiphytic species share another character state, smaller air spaces in the seed than that of closely related terrestrial species, suggesting possible low dispersibility of the epiphytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chie Tsutsumi
- Department of Botany, National Science Museum, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Carlsward BS, Whitten WM, Williams NH, Bytebier B. Molecular phylogenetics of Vandeae (Orchidaceae) and the evolution of leaflessness. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2006; 93:770-786. [PMID: 21642140 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.93.5.770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Members of tribe Vandeae (Orchidaceae) form a large, pantropical clade of horticulturally important epiphytes. Monopodial leafless members of Vandeae have undergone extreme reduction in habit and represent a novel adaptation to the canopy environment in tropical Africa, Asia, and America. To study the evolution of monopodial leaflessness, molecular and structural evidence was used to generate phylogenetic hypotheses for Vandeae. Molecular analyses used sequence data from ITS nrDNA, trnL-F plastid DNA, and matK plastid DNA. Maximum parsimony analyses of these three DNA regions each supported two subtribes within monopodial Vandeae: Aeridinae and a combined Angraecinae + Aerangidinae. Adding structural characters to sequence data resulted in trees with more homoplasy, but gave fewer trees each with more well-supported clades than either data set alone. Two techniques for examining character evolution were compared: (1) mapping vegetative characters onto a molecular topology and (2) tracing vegetative characters onto a combined structural and molecular topology. In both cases, structural synapomorphies supporting monopodial Vandeae were nearly identical. A change in leaf morphology (usually reduced to a nonphotosynthetic scale), monopodial growth habit, and aeration complexes for gas exchange in photosynthetic roots seem to be the most important characters in making the evolutionary transition to leaflessness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara S Carlsward
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7800 USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|