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Mizuno S, Masuda C, Otsuka A, Kishimoto N, Kameyama C, Kamiyoshihara Y, Mitsuzawa H. Interaction between plant-specific transcription factors TCP and YABBY expressed in the tendrils of the melon Cucumis melo. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22818. [PMID: 39354130 PMCID: PMC11445500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-74175-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant tendrils are specialized organs that can twine around other structures to facilitate climbing. They occur in a variety of plant families and have diverse ontogenic origins. In cucurbits, tendrils originate from lateral shoots. Fine mapping verified that the tendril-less ctl mutation of the melon Cucumis melo corresponds to a frameshift mutation in the CmTCP1 gene, which encodes a TCP transcription factor. A yeast two-hybrid screen for CmTCP1/CTL-interacting proteins identified a member of the plant-specific YABBY transcription factor family, which was named CmYAB1. Each of the N- and C-terminal regions of CmTCP1 interacted with CmYAB1. The ctl mutation impaired the interaction between CmTCP1 and CmYAB1. Both proteins interacted in vitro and were localized to the nucleus in plant cells. In situ expression analysis revealed the coexistence of the CmTCP1 and CmYAB1 mRNAs in the abaxial domains of developing tendrils. An RNA-seq analysis of the seven YABBY genes in the melon genome revealed relatively high expression ratios of CmYAB1 in tendrils compared with those in leaves. These results suggest a novel function of the YABBY protein through its interaction with a TCP protein in the development of cucurbit tendrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Mizuno
- Department of Bioscience in Daily Life, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
- Department of Agri-Science, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Chiho Masuda
- Department of Bioscience in Daily Life, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Ayami Otsuka
- Department of Bioscience in Daily Life, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Nana Kishimoto
- Department of Bioscience in Daily Life, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Chisato Kameyama
- Department of Bioscience in Daily Life, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kamiyoshihara
- Department of Agricultural Biosciences, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
- Department of Agri-Science, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitsuzawa
- Department of Bioscience in Daily Life, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan.
- Department of Bioscience, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan.
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Shen J, Jiang Y, Pan J, Sun L, Li Q, He W, Sun P, Zhao B, Zhao H, Ke X, Guo Y, Yang T, Li Z. The GRAS transcription factor CsTL regulates tendril formation in cucumber. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2818-2833. [PMID: 38630900 PMCID: PMC11289639 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus, Cs) tendrils are slender vegetative organs that typically require manual removal to ensure orderly growth during greenhouse cultivation. Here, we identified cucumber tendril-less (tl), a Tnt1 retrotransposon-induced insertion mutant lacking tendrils. Map-based cloning identified the mutated gene, CsaV3_3G003590, which we designated as CsTL, which is homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana LATERAL SUPPRESSOR (AtLAS). Knocking out CsTL repressed tendril formation but did not affect branch initiation, whereas overexpression (OE) of CsTL resulted in the formation of two or more tendrils in one leaf axil. Although expression of two cucumber genes regulating tendril formation, Tendril (CsTEN) and Unusual Floral Organs (CsUFO), was significantly decreased in CsTL knockout lines, these two genes were not direct downstream targets of CsTL. Instead, CsTL physically interacted with CsTEN, an interaction that further enhanced CsTEN-mediated expression of CsUFO. In Arabidopsis, the CsTL homolog AtLAS acts upstream of REVOLUTA (REV) to regulate branch initiation. Knocking out cucumber CsREV inhibited branch formation without affecting tendril initiation. Furthermore, genomic regions containing CsTL and AtLAS were not syntenic between the cucumber and Arabidopsis genomes, whereas REV orthologs were found on a shared syntenic block. Our results revealed not only that cucumber CsTL possesses a divergent function in promoting tendril formation but also that CsREV retains its conserved function in shoot branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Shen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanxin Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jian Pan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Linhan Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Qingqing Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenjing He
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Piaoyun Sun
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bosi Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hongjiao Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xubo Ke
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yalu Guo
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tongwen Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Jiang Y, Zhang A, He W, Li Q, Zhao B, Zhao H, Ke X, Guo Y, Sun P, Yang T, Wang Z, Jiang B, Shen J, Li Z. GRAS family member LATERAL SUPPRESSOR regulates the initiation and morphogenesis of watermelon lateral organs. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2592-2604. [PMID: 37584314 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The lateral organs of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), including lobed leaves, branches, flowers, and tendrils, together determine plant architecture and yield. However, the genetic controls underlying lateral organ initiation and morphogenesis remain unclear. Here, we found that knocking out the homologous gene of shoot branching regulator LATERAL SUPPRESSOR in watermelon (ClLs) repressed the initiation of branches, flowers, and tendrils and led to developing round leaves, indicating that ClLs undergoes functional expansion compared with its homologs in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), rice (Oryza sativa), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Using ClLs as the bait to screen against the cDNA library of watermelon, we identified several ClLs-interacting candidate proteins, including TENDRIL (ClTEN), PINOID (ClPID), and APETALA1 (ClAP1). Protein-protein interaction assays further demonstrated that ClLs could directly interact with ClTEN, ClPID, and ClAP1. The mRNA in situ hybridization assay revealed that the transcriptional patterns of ClLs overlapped with those of ClTEN, ClPID, and ClAP1 in the axillary meristems and leaf primordia. Mutants of ClTEN, ClPID, and ClAP1 generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system lacked tendrils, developed round leaves, and displayed floral diapause, respectively, and all these phenotypes could be observed in ClLs knockout lines. Our findings indicate that ClLs acts as lateral organ identity protein by forming complexes with ClTEN, ClPID, and ClAP1, providing several gene targets for transforming the architecture of watermelon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Anran Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjing He
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bosi Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongjiao Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xubo Ke
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yalu Guo
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Piaoyun Sun
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tongwen Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Biao Jiang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junjun Shen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Qi X, Mo Q, Li J, Zi Z, Xu M, Yue S, Zhao H, Zhu H, Wang G. Establishment of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system in Luffa acutangula using Phytoene desaturase (PDS) and tendril synthesis related gene (TEN). PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:94. [PMID: 37653449 PMCID: PMC10470258 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a reverse genetics technology that can efficiently and rapidly identify plant gene functions. Although a variety of VIGS vectors have been successfully used in plants, only a few reports on VIGS technology in Luffa exist. RESULTS In the present study, a new cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV)-based VIGS vector, pV190, was applied to establish the CGMMV-VIGS to investigate the feasibility of the silencing system for Luffa. Phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene was initially selected as a VIGS marker gene to construct a recombinant vector. Plants infected with Agrobacterium harboring pV190-PDS successfully induced effective silencing in Luffa, and an effective gene silencing phenotype with obvious photobleaching was observed. To further validate the efficiency, we selected TEN for gene-silencing, which encodes a CYC/TB1-like transcription factor and is involved in tendril development. Luffa plants inoculated with the pV190-TEN exhibited shorter tendril length and nodal positions where tendrils appear are higher compared to those of non-inoculated plants. RT-qPCR showed that the expression levels of PDS and TEN were significantly reduced in the CGMMV-VIGS plants. Moreover, we evaluated the CGMMV-VIGS efficiency in three cucurbits, including cucumber, ridge gourd, and bottle gourd. CONCLUSION We successfully established a CGMMV-based VIGS system on ridge gourd and used marker genes to identify the feasibility of the silencing system in Luffa leaves and stems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Qi
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiaoping Mo
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- College of Plant Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Tibet, 860000, Nyingchi, China
| | - Zhibo Zi
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengyun Xu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Suju Yue
- College of Life Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Haisheng Zhu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding/Crops Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian, 350013, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Guoping Wang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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Hong Z, Wang X, Yang A, Yan G, He Y, Zhu Z, Xu Y. Tendril morphogenesis is regulated by a CsaTEN-CsaUFO module in cucumber. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 239:364-373. [PMID: 36967583 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Tendril is a morphological innovation during plant evolution, which provides the plants to obtain climbing ability. However, the tendril morphogenesis is poorly understood. A novel tendril morphogenesis defective mutant (tmd1) was identified in cucumber. The apical part of tendril was replaced by a leaf blade in tmd1 mutant, and it lost the climbing ability. Map-based cloning, qPCR detection, bioinformatic analysis, yeast one-hybrid assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and luciferase assay were used to explore the molecular mechanism of CsaTMD1 in regulating tendril morphogenesis. CsaUFO was the candidate causal gene, and a fragment deletion within promoter impaired CsaUFO expression in tmd1 mutant. A conserved motif 1, which harbored two putative TCP transcription factor binding sites, was located within this deleted fragment. CsaTEN directly bound the motif 1 and positively regulated CsaUFO, and mutation in motif 1 removed this regulation. Our work shows a CsaTEN-CsaUFO module in regulating tendril morphogenesis, indicating that evolution of tendril in cucumber due to simply drive of CsaUFO by CsaTEN in tendril. Additionally, the conserved motif 1 provides a strategy for engineering tendril-less Cucurbitaceae crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezhou Hong
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aiyi Yang
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guochao Yan
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong He
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhujun Zhu
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunmin Xu
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
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Moraes TS, Immink RGH, Martinelli AP, Angenent GC, van Esse W, Dornelas MC. Passiflora organensis FT/TFL1 gene family and their putative roles in phase transition and floral initiation. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2022; 35:105-126. [PMID: 34748087 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-021-00431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive analysis of the FT/TFL1 gene family in Passiflora organensis results in understanding how these genes might be involved in the regulation of the typical plant architecture presented by Passiflora species. Passion fruit (Passiflora spp) is an economic tropical fruit crop, but there is hardly any knowledge available about the molecular control of phase transition and flower initiation in this species. The florigen agent FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) interacts with the bZIP protein FLOWERING LOCUS D (FD) to induce flowering in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Current models based on research in rice suggest that this interaction is bridged by 14-3-3 proteins. We identified eight FT/TFL1 family members in Passiflora organensis and characterized them by analyzing their phylogeny, gene structure, expression patterns, protein interactions and putative biological roles by heterologous expression in Arabidopsis. PoFT was highest expressed during the adult vegetative phase and it is supposed to have an important role in flowering induction. In contrast, its paralogs PoTSFs were highest expressed in the reproductive phase. While ectopic expression of PoFT in transgenic Arabidopsis plants induced early flowering and inflorescence determinacy, the ectopic expression of PoTSFa caused a delay in flowering. PoTFL1-like genes were highest expressed during the juvenile phase and their ectopic expression caused delayed flowering in Arabidopsis. Our protein-protein interaction studies indicate that the flowering activation complexes in Passiflora might deviate from the hexameric complex found in the model system rice. Our results provide insights into the potential functions of FT/TFL1 gene family members during floral initiation and their implications in the special plant architecture of Passiflora species, contributing to more detailed studies on the regulation of passion fruit reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana S Moraes
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Richard G H Immink
- Cluster of Plant Developmental Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bioscience, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana P Martinelli
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gerco C Angenent
- Cluster of Plant Developmental Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bioscience, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma van Esse
- Cluster of Plant Developmental Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcelo C Dornelas
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Liu X, Chen J, Zhang X. Genetic regulation of shoot architecture in cucumber. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:143. [PMID: 34193859 PMCID: PMC8245548 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an important vegetable crop species with great economic value. Shoot architecture determines the visual appearance of plants and has a strong impact on crop management and yield. Unlike most model plant species, cucumber undergoes vegetative growth and reproductive growth simultaneously, in which leaves are produced from the shoot apical meristem and flowers are generated from leaf axils, during the majority of its life, a feature representative of the Cucurbitaceae family. Despite substantial advances achieved in understanding the regulation of plant form in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, and maize, our understanding of the mechanisms controlling shoot architecture in Cucurbitaceae crop species is still limited. In this review, we focus on recent progress on elucidating the genetic regulatory pathways underlying the determinant/indeterminant growth habit, leaf shape, branch outgrowth, tendril identity, and vine length determination in cucumber. We also discuss the potential of applying biotechnology tools and resources for the generation of ideal plant types with desired architectural features to improve cucumber productivity and cultivation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiacai Chen
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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8
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Chen Y, Wen H, Pan J, Du H, Zhang K, Zhang L, Yu Y, He H, Cai R, Pan J, Wang G. CsUFO is involved in the formation of flowers and tendrils in cucumber. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:2141-2150. [PMID: 33740111 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03811-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An unusual flower and tendril (uft) mutant in cucumber was caused by a mutation in Csa1G056950 encoding an F-box protein. Flowers and tendrils are important agronomic and yield traits of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). In this study, we identified an unusual flower and tendril (uft) mutant from an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis population. Genetic analysis revealed that the phenotype of the uft mutant was regulated by a single recessive nuclear gene. Map-based cloning and MutMap+ results demonstrated that Csa1G056950 (CsUFO), encoding an F-box protein, was the causal gene for the uft mutant phenotype of cucumber. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation (C to T) in the second exon of CsUFO resulted in premature translation termination. The expression level of CsUFO was significantly decreased in apical buds of the uft mutant compared with the wild-type (WT) WD1. Transcriptome analysis indicated that many genes for organ development were down-regulated in uft plants, suggesting CsUFO-associated networks that regulate flower and tendril development. These findings provide a new insight into understanding the molecular mechanisms of flower organogenesis in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Haifan Wen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jian Pan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hui Du
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Keyan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Leyu Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yao Yu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Huanle He
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Run Cai
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Junsong Pan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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9
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Zhang F, Rossignol P, Huang T, Wang Y, May A, Dupont C, Orbovic V, Irish VF. Reprogramming of Stem Cell Activity to Convert Thorns into Branches. Curr Biol 2020; 30:2951-2961.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Liu MM, Wang MM, Yang J, Wen J, Guo PC, Wu YW, Ke YZ, Li PF, Li JN, Du H. Evolutionary and Comparative Expression Analyses of TCP Transcription Factor Gene Family in Land Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3591. [PMID: 31340456 PMCID: PMC6679135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant-specific Teosinte-branched 1/Cycloidea/Proliferating (TCP) transcription factor genes are involved in plants' development, hormonal pathways, and stress response but their evolutionary history is uncertain. The genome-wide analysis performed here for 47 plant species revealed 535 TCP candidates in terrestrial plants and none in aquatic plants, and that TCP family genes originated early in the history of land plants. Phylogenetic analysis divided the candidate genes into Classes I and II, and Class II was further divided into CYCLOIDEA (CYC) and CINCINNATA (CIN) clades; CYC is more recent and originated from CIN in angiosperms. Protein architecture, intron pattern, and sequence characteristics were conserved in each class or clade supporting this classification. The two classes significantly expanded through whole-genome duplication during evolution. Expression analysis revealed the conserved expression of TCP genes from lower to higher plants. The expression patterns of Class I and CIN genes in different stages of the same tissue revealed their function in plant development and their opposite effects in the same biological process. Interaction network analysis showed that TCP proteins tend to form protein complexes, and their interaction networks were conserved during evolution. These results contribute to further functional studies on TCP family genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Mang-Mang Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jin Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jing Wen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yun-Wen Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yun-Zhuo Ke
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Peng-Feng Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jia-Na Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hai Du
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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11
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Sousa-Baena MS, Lohmann LG, Hernandes-Lopes J, Sinha NR. The molecular control of tendril development in angiosperms. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018. [PMID: 29520789 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The climbing habit has evolved multiple times during the evolutionary history of angiosperms. Plants evolved various strategies for climbing, such as twining stems, tendrils and hooks. Tendrils are threadlike organs with the ability to twine around other structures through helical growth; they may be derived from a variety of structures, such as branches, leaflets and inflorescences. The genetic capacity to grow as a tendrilled climber existed in some of the earliest land plants; however, the underlying molecular basis of tendril development has been studied in only a few taxa. Here, we summarize what is known about the molecular basis of tendril development in model and candidate model species from key tendrilled families, that is, Fabaceae, Vitaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Passifloraceae and Bignoniaceae. Studies on tendril molecular genetics and development show the molecular basis of tendril formation and ontogenesis is diverse, even when tendrils have the same ontogenetic origin, for example leaflet-derived tendrils in Fabaceae and Bignoniaceae. Interestingly, all tendrils perform helical growth during contact-induced coiling, indicating that such ability is not correlated with their ontogenetic origin or phylogenetic history. Whether the same genetic networks are involved during helical growth in diverse tendrils still remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane S Sousa-Baena
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Lúcia G Lohmann
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - José Hernandes-Lopes
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Neelima R Sinha
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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12
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Sousa-Baena MS, Sinha NR, Hernandes-Lopes J, Lohmann LG. Convergent Evolution and the Diverse Ontogenetic Origins of Tendrils in Angiosperms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:403. [PMID: 29666627 PMCID: PMC5891604 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Climbers are abundant in tropical forests, where they constitute a major functional plant type. The acquisition of the climbing habit in angiosperms constitutes a key innovation. Successful speciation in climbers is correlated with the development of specialized climbing strategies such as tendrils, i.e., filiform organs with the ability to twine around other structures through helical growth. Tendrils are derived from a variety of morphological structures, e.g., stems, leaves, and inflorescences, and are found in various plant families. In fact, tendrils are distributed throughout the angiosperm phylogeny, from magnoliids to asterids II, making these structures a great model to study convergent evolution. In this study, we performed a thorough survey of tendrils within angiosperms, focusing on their origin and development. We identified 17 tendril types and analyzed their distribution through the angiosperm phylogeny. Some interesting patterns emerged. For instance, tendrils derived from reproductive structures are exclusively found in the Core Eudicots, except from one monocot species. Fabales and Asterales are the orders with the highest numbers of tendrilling strategies. Tendrils derived from modified leaflets are particularly common among asterids, occurring in Polemoniaceae, Bignoniaceae, and Asteraceae. Although angiosperms have a large number of tendrilled representatives, little is known about their origin and development. This work points out research gaps that should help guide future research on the biology of tendrilled species. Additional research on climbers is particularly important given their increasing abundance resulting from environmental disturbance in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane S. Sousa-Baena
- Laboratório de Sistemática, Evolução e Biogeografia de Plantas Vasculares, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Mariane S. Sousa-Baena
| | - Neelima R. Sinha
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - José Hernandes-Lopes
- Genomics and Transposable Elements Laboratory (GaTE-Lab), Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lúcia G. Lohmann
- Laboratório de Sistemática, Evolução e Biogeografia de Plantas Vasculares, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Abstract
Many plants show some form of helical growth, such as the circular searching movements of growing stems and other organs (circumnutation), tendril coiling, leaf and bud reversal (resupination), petal arrangement (contortion) and leaf blade twisting. Recent genetic findings have revealed that such helical growth may be associated with helical arrays of cortical microtubules and of overlying cellulose microfibrils. An alternative mechanism of coiling that is based on differential contraction within a bilayer has also recently been identified and underlies at least some of these growth patterns. Here, I provide an overview of the genes and cellular processes that underlie helical patterning. I also discuss the diversity of helical growth patterns in plants, highlighting their potential adaptive significance and comparing them with helical growth patterns in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Smyth
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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14
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Chen F, Fu B, Pan Y, Zhang C, Wen H, Weng Y, Chen P, Li Y. Fine mapping identifies CsGCN5 encoding a histone acetyltransferase as putative candidate gene for tendril-less1 mutation (td-1) in cucumber. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2017; 130:1549-1558. [PMID: 28466109 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-2909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing-aided map-based cloning delimited the cucumber tendril - less1 ( td - 1 ) locus into a 190.7-kb region in chromosome 6 harboring a putative, novel-function candidate gene encoding a histone acetyltransferase ( CsGCN5 ). The tendril initiated from the lateral meristem is an important and characteristic organ for the species in the Cucurbitaceae family including cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). While the tendril has its evolutionary significance, it also poses a nuisance in cucumber cultivation under protected environments in which tendril-less cucumber has its advantages. From an EMS mutagenesis population, we identified a tendril-less mutant B007, which was controlled by a recessive gene td-1. Through next-generation sequencing-aided map-based cloning, we show CsGCN5 (Cucumis sativus GENERAL CONTROL NONDEREPRESSIBLE 5), a cucumber gene for a histone acetyltransferase as the most possible candidate for td-1. A non-synonymous SNP in the first exon of CsGCN5 resulted in an amino-acid substitution from Asp (D) in the wild type to Asn (N) in the tendril-less mutant. The candidacy of CsGCN5 was further confirmed by multiple lines of evidence in both biparental and natural cucumber populations. Non-significant expression of CsGCN5 in multiple organs was found between the wild type and the mutant. CsGCN5 exhibited strong expression in the tendril of wild-type plants suggesting its important roles in growth and development of plant tendrils. The identification and characterization of the td-1 mutant from the present study provided a useful tool in understanding the molecular mechanisms of tendril organogenesis and investigation of novel functions of the histone acetyltransferase in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bingbing Fu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yupeng Pan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Chaowen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haifan Wen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- USDA-ARS, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yuhong Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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15
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Arro J, Cuenca J, Yang Y, Liang Z, Cousins P, Zhong GY. A transcriptome analysis of two grapevine populations segregating for tendril phyllotaxy. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2017; 4:17032. [PMID: 28713572 PMCID: PMC5506248 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2017.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The shoot structure of cultivated grapevine Vitis vinifera L. typically exhibits a three-node modular repetitive pattern, two sequential leaf-opposed tendrils followed by a tendril-free node. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis of this pattern by characterizing differentially expressed genes in 10 bulk samples of young tendril tissue from two grapevine populations showing segregation of mutant or wild-type shoot/tendril phyllotaxy. One population was the selfed progeny and the other one, an outcrossed progeny of a Vitis hybrid, 'Roger's Red'. We analyzed 13 375 expressed genes and carried out in-depth analyses of 324 of them, which were differentially expressed with a minimum of 1.5-fold changes between the mutant and wild-type bulk samples in both selfed and cross populations. A significant portion of these genes were direct cis-binding targets of 14 transcription factor families that were themselves differentially expressed. Network-based dependency analysis further revealed that most of the significantly rewired connections among the 10 most connected hub genes involved at least one transcription factor. TCP3 and MYB12, which were known important for plant-form development, were among these transcription factors. More importantly, TCP3 and MYB12 were found in this study to be involved in regulating the lignin gene PRX52, which is important to plant-form development. A further support evidence for the roles of TCP3-MYB12-PRX52 in contributing to tendril phyllotaxy was the findings of two other lignin-related genes uniquely expressed in the mutant phyllotaxy background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Arro
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Grape Genetics Research Unit, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Jose Cuenca
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Grape Genetics Research Unit, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Yingzhen Yang
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Grape Genetics Research Unit, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Gan-Yuan Zhong
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Grape Genetics Research Unit, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
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16
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Dhaka N, Bhardwaj V, Sharma MK, Sharma R. Evolving Tale of TCPs: New Paradigms and Old Lacunae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:479. [PMID: 28421104 PMCID: PMC5376618 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Teosinte Branched1/Cycloidea/Proliferating cell factors (TCP) genes are key mediators of genetic innovations underlying morphological novelties, stress adaptation, and evolution of immune response in plants. They have a remarkable ability to integrate and translate diverse endogenous, and environmental signals with high fidelity. Compilation of studies, aimed at elucidating the mechanism of TCP functions, shows that it takes an amalgamation and interplay of several different factors, regulatory processes and pathways, instead of individual components, to achieve the incredible functional diversity and specificity, demonstrated by TCP proteins. Through this minireview, we provide a brief description of key structural features and molecular components, known so far, that operate this conglomerate, and highlight the important conceptual challenges and lacunae in TCP research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Dhaka
- Crop Genetics & Informatics Group, School of Computational and Integrative SciencesJawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Vasudha Bhardwaj
- Crop Genetics & Informatics Group, School of BiotechnologyJawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj K. Sharma
- Crop Genetics & Informatics Group, School of BiotechnologyJawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rita Sharma
- Crop Genetics & Informatics Group, School of Computational and Integrative SciencesJawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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17
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Danisman S. TCP Transcription Factors at the Interface between Environmental Challenges and the Plant's Growth Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1930. [PMID: 28066483 PMCID: PMC5174091 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants are sessile and as such their reactions to environmental challenges differ from those of mobile organisms. Many adaptions involve growth responses and hence, growth regulation is one of the most crucial biological processes for plant survival and fitness. The plant-specific TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1, CYCLOIDEA, PCF1 (TCP) transcription factor family is involved in plant development from cradle to grave, i.e., from seed germination throughout vegetative development until the formation of flowers and fruits. TCP transcription factors have an evolutionary conserved role as regulators in a variety of plant species, including orchids, tomatoes, peas, poplar, cotton, rice and the model plant Arabidopsis. Early TCP research focused on the regulatory functions of TCPs in the development of diverse organs via the cell cycle. Later research uncovered that TCP transcription factors are not static developmental regulators but crucial growth regulators that translate diverse endogenous and environmental signals into growth responses best fitted to ensure plant fitness and health. I will recapitulate the research on TCPs in this review focusing on two topics: the discovery of TCPs and the elucidation of their evolutionarily conserved roles across the plant kingdom, and the variety of signals, both endogenous (circadian clock, plant hormones) and environmental (pathogens, light, nutrients), TCPs respond to in the course of their developmental roles.
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18
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Wang S, Yang X, Xu M, Lin X, Lin T, Qi J, Shao G, Tian N, Yang Q, Zhang Z, Huang S. A Rare SNP Identified a TCP Transcription Factor Essential for Tendril Development in Cucumber. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:1795-808. [PMID: 26597500 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rare genetic variants are abundant in genomes but less tractable in genome-wide association study. Here we exploit a strategy of rare variation mapping to discover a gene essential for tendril development in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). In a collection of >3000 lines, we discovered a unique tendril-less line that forms branches instead of tendrils and, therefore, loses its climbing ability. We hypothesized that this unusual phenotype was caused by a rare variation and subsequently identified the causative single nucleotide polymorphism. The affected gene TEN encodes a TCP transcription factor conserved within the cucurbits and is expressed specifically in tendrils, representing a new organ identity gene. The variation occurs within a protein motif unique to the cucurbits and impairs its function as a transcriptional activator. Analyses of transcriptomes from near-isogenic lines identified downstream genes required for the tendril's capability to sense and climb a support. This study provides an example to explore rare functional variants in plant genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Lab of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Xueyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Lab of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mengnan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Lab of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Xingzhong Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Lab of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianjian Qi
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Lab of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Guangjin Shao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Lab of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Nana Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qing Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Lab of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sanwen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Lab of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China.
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