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Meng Y, Lyu X, Liu J, Gao W, Ma Y, Liao N, Li Z, Bo Y, Hu Z, Yang J, Zhang M. Structural variation of GL1 gene determines the trichome formation in Brassica juncea. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:75. [PMID: 36952042 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A 448 kb region on chromosome B02 was delimited to be associated with trichome trait in Brassica juncea, in which the BjuVB02G54610 gene with a structural variation of 3 kb structure variation (SV) encoding a MYB transcription factor was predicted as the possible candidate gene. Mustards (Brassica juncea) are allopolyploid crops in the worldwide, and trichomes are essential quality attributes that significantly influence its taste and palpability in vegetable-use cultivars. As important accessory tissues from specialized epidermal cells, trichomes also play an important role in mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we constructed a F2 segregating population using YJ27 with intensive trichome leaves and 03B0307 with glabrous leaves as parents. By bulked segregant analysis (BSA-seq), we obtained a 2.1 Mb candidate region on B02 chromosome associated with the trichome or glabrous trait formation. Then, we used 13 Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) markers for fine mapping and finally narrowed down the candidate region to about 448 kb in length. Interestingly, among the region, there was a 3 kb sequence deletion that located on the BjuVB02G54610 gene in the F2 individuals with trichome leaves. Genotyping results of F2 populations confirmed this deletion (R2 = 81.44%) as a major QTL. Natural population re-sequencing analysis and genotyping results further validated the key role of the 3 kb structure variation (SV) of insertion/deletion type in trichome development in B. juncea. Our findings provide important information on the formation of trichomes and potential target gene for breeding vegetable mustards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Meng
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiagolong Lyu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyuan Ma
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanqiao Liao
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangping Li
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongming Bo
- Ningbo Weimeng Seed Industry Co.Ltd, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Hu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Li J, Wang H, Zhou D, Li C, Ding Q, Yang X, Wang F, Zheng H, Gao J. Genetic and Transcriptome Analysis of Leaf Trichome Development in Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis) and Molecular Marker Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112721. [PMID: 36361510 PMCID: PMC9659260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis) is one of the vegetables with the largest cultivated area in China and has been a great addition to the daily diet of Chinese people. A genetic map has been constructed in our previous study using the F2 population of two inbred lines of Chinese cabbage, namely "G291" (a hairy line) and "ZHB" (a hairless line), based on which a candidate gene related to trichome traits was identified on chromosome A06 with a phenotypic variance of 47%. A molecular marker was found to co-segregate with the trichome traits of the F2 population, which is in the 5'-flanking region of BrGL1, and a corresponding patent has been granted (NO. CN 108545775 B). Transcriptome analysis was carried out on the cotyledon, the first true leaf and the leaf closest to each inflorescence of F2 individuals of "G291 × ZHB" with or without trichomes, respectively. Ten pathways, including 189 DEGs, were identified to be involved in the development of trichomes in Chinese cabbage, which may be specifically related to the development of leaf trichomes. Most of the pathways were related to the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolites, which may help plants to adapt to the ever-changing external environment. DEGs also enriched the "plant-pathogen interaction" pathway, which is consistent with the conclusion that trichomes are related to the disease resistance of plants. Our study provides a basis for future research on the occurrence and development of trichomes in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjuan Li
- Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qian Ding
- Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaogang Yang
- Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fengde Wang
- Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Han Zheng
- Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Jianwei Gao
- Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250100, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (J.G.)
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Muto N, Matsumoto T. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing of RsGL1a and RsGL1b in radish ( Raphanus sativus L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:951660. [PMID: 36311091 PMCID: PMC9606758 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.951660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) is a powerful tool widely used for genome editing in various organisms, including plants. It introduces and facilitates the study of rare genetic mutations in a short time and is a potent tool to assist in plant molecular breeding. Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is an important Brassicaceae vegetable cultivated and consumed worldwide. However, the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system is limited by the absence of an efficient transformation system in radish. This study aimed to establish a CRISPR/Cas9 system in radish employing the Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system reported recently. For this purpose, we performed genome editing using the CRISPR/Cas9 system targeting the GLABRA1 (GL1) orthologs, RsGL1a and RsGL1b, that induces leaf trichome formation in radish. A Cas9/single guide RNA (sgRNA) vector with a common sgRNA corresponding to RsGL1a and RsGL1b was transferred. A total of eight T0 plants were analyzed, of which six (editing efficiency 75%) had a mutated RsGL1a, five (62.5%) had a mutated RsGL1b, and five showed mutations in both RsGL1a and RsGL1b. Most mutations in T0 plants were short (<3 bp) deletions or insertions, causing frameshift mutations that might produce non-functional proteins. Chimeric mutations were detected in several T0 generation plants. In the T1 generation, the hairless phenotype was observed only in plants with knockout mutations in both RsGL1a and RsGL1b. The majority of mutant alleles in T0 plants, with the exception of the chimeric mutant plants detected, were stably inherited in the T1 generation. In conclusion, we successfully knocked out RsGL1a and RsGL1b using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and demonstrated that both RsGL1a and RsGL1b independently contribute to the induction of leaf trichome formation in radish. In this study, genome-edited plants without T-DNA, which are useful as breeding material, were obtained. The findings prove the feasibility of genome editing in radish using a CRISPR/Cas9 system that could accelerate its molecular breeding to improve agronomically desirable traits.
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Insight into the effect of low temperature treatment on trichome density and related differentially expressed genes in Chinese cabbage. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274530. [PMID: 36107960 PMCID: PMC9477275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichome is important for help plant resist adversity and external damage. However, it often affects the appearance and taste of vegetables. In the present study, the trichome density of leaves from two Chinese cabbage cultivars with and without trichomes treated at low temperature are analyzed by biological microscope, and the differentially expressed genes related to trichomes formation were screened through transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that the number of leaves trichomes was reduced by 34.7% at low temperature compared with room temperature. A total of 661 differentially expression genes effecting trichomes formation were identified at the CT vs C, LCT vs LC, CT vs LCT. Several differentially expression genes from every comparison group were enriched in plant hormone signal transduction and amino acid biosynthesis pathway. Combined with the central genes obtained by WGCNA analysis, five candidate genes Bra029778, Bra026393, Bra030270, Bra037264 and Bra009655 were screened. qRT-PCR analysis verified that the gene expression differences were in line with the trend of transcriptome data. This study not only found possible new key genes and laid a foundation for revealing the molecular mechanism regulating the formation of trichome in Chinese cabbage, but also provided a new way to study plant surface trichomes.
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Construction of an Intragenic SSR-Based Linkage Map and QTL Mapping for Agronomic Traits in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) is one of the most widely cultivated and economically important vegetables in China. Constructing an effective genetic linkage map and mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to yield and leafy head morphology is of great importance for molecular breeding of Chinese cabbage. Using two diverse Chinese cabbage inbred lines, ZHB and G291, as parents, an F2 segregating population consisting of 240 individuals was prepared for genetic map construction and phenotype investigation in this study. The two parents are significantly different in both shape and size. Sixteen important agronomic traits of F2 individuals were investigated. A genetic map of 105 intragenic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers distributed across 10 linkage groups (LGs) was constructed, which was 2034.1 cM in length and had an average inter-locus distance of 21.75 cM. We identified 48 QTLs for the tested important agronomic traits on the studied LGs, with LOD scores of 2.51–12.49, which explained the phenotypic variance of 3.41–26.66%. The QTLs identified in this study will facilitate further genetic analysis and marker-assisted genetic improvement of Chinese cabbage.
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Kawakatsu Y, Sakamoto T, Nakayama H, Kaminoyama K, Igarashi K, Yasugi M, Kudoh H, Nagano AJ, Yano K, Kubo N, Notaguchi M, Kimura S. Combination of genetic analysis and ancient literature survey reveals the divergence of traditional Brassica rapa varieties from Kyoto, Japan. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:132. [PMID: 34059655 PMCID: PMC8167115 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00569-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Since ancient times, humans have bred several plants that we rely on today. However, little is known about the divergence of most of these plants. In the present study, we investigated the divergence of Mibuna (Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica L. H. Bailey), a traditional leafy vegetable in Kyoto (Japan), by combining genetic analysis and a survey of ancient literature. Mibuna is considered to have been bred 200 years ago from Mizuna, another traditional leafy vegetable in Kyoto. Mibuna has simple spatulate leaves, whereas Mizuna has characteristic serrated leaves. The quantitative trait loci (QTL) and gene expression analyses suggested that the downregulation of BrTCP15 expression contributed to the change in the leaf shape from serrated to simple spatulate. Interestingly, the SNP analysis indicated that the genomic region containing the BrTCP15 locus was transferred to Mibuna by introgression. Furthermore, we conducted a survey of ancient literature to reveal the divergence of Mibuna and found that hybridization between Mizuna and a simple-leaved turnip might have occurred in the past. Indeed, the genomic analysis of multiple turnip cultivars showed that one of the cultivars, Murasakihime, has almost the same sequence in the BrTCP15 region as Mibuna. These results suggest that the hybridization between Mizuna and turnip has resulted in the establishment of Mibuna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaichi Kawakatsu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sakamoto
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
- Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
| | - Hokuto Nakayama
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kaori Kaminoyama
- Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
| | - Kaori Igarashi
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashi-Mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Masaki Yasugi
- Faculty of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8585, Japan
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kudoh
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Atsushi J Nagano
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Yokotani, Seta Oe-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2194, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yano
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashi-Mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Nakao Kubo
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
- Biotechnology Research Department, Kyoto Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Technology Center, 74 Oji, Kitainayazuma, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0244, Japan
| | - Michitaka Notaguchi
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Seisuke Kimura
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan.
- Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan.
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Huang X, Yan H, Zhai L, Yi Y. GLABROUS1 from Rosa roxburghii Tratt regulates trichome formation by interacting with the GL3/EGL3 protein. Gene 2019; 692:60-67. [PMID: 30641212 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
GLABROUS1 is an R2R3 MYB homolog that is essential for the initiation of trichome development. In this study, we used RACE to clone a full-length cDNA from Rosa roxburghii Tratt, termed RrGL1, which was 1013 bp, including an open reading frame of 792 bp that encoded 263 amino acids. In situ hybridization, corresponding with qRT-PCR results, revealed that RrGL1 transcripts were mainly expressed in petiole, leaf, and stem. RrGL1 expression levels at various fruit developmental stages in R. roxburghii were also evaluated. RrGL1 was highly expressed in young fruit, and the expression level decreased with fruit maturation. The overexpression of RrGL1 was able to functionally complemented the Arabidopsis thaliana gl1-/- mutant in trichome formation. RrGL1 was located in the cell nucleus with analysis of subcellular localization and physically interacted with A. thaliana GL3/EGL3 in the yeast two-hybrid assay, implying that RrGL1 might exert functions by forming a MYB-basic helix-loop-helix complex in trichome initiation. The formation of prickles in R. roxburghii is similar to that of Arabidopsis trichome. These results provided a foundation for further research on the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation and development of prickles that could assist and cultivate in the genetic engineering of prickle-free fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Huang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China /Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Developmental Regulation/ School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Huiqing Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China.
| | - Lisheng Zhai
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China /Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Developmental Regulation/ School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Yin Yi
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China /Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Developmental Regulation/ School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China.
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