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Llena C, Villanueva A, Mejias E, Forner L. Bleaching efficacy of at home 16% carbamide peroxide. A long‐term clinical follow‐up study. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2020; 32:12-18. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Llena
- Department of StomatologyUniversitat de València Valencia Spain
| | | | - Elena Mejias
- Department of StomatologyUniversitat de València Valencia Spain
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Department of StomatologyUniversitat de València Valencia Spain
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Analysis of efficiency of photodynamic teeth bleaching with the use of photosensitizer chlorine e<sub>6</sub>. BIOMEDICAL PHOTONICS 2019. [DOI: 10.24931/2413-9432-2019-8-3-19-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth whitening is one of the most sought-after procedures in aesthetic dentistry. Discolorites that are difficult to whiten, caused by dentin changes or enamel defects, can be eliminated by oxidizing the chromogens with chemical agents that penetrate to the enamel and dentin. In recent years, the method of photodynamic bleaching (PDB) is considered to be minimally invasive. It does not use hydrogen peroxide that leads to increased sensitivity of teeth, and is relatively effective over time. A convenient solution for PDB would be to use chlorin e6 as a photosensitizer, which has a high quantum yield of singlet oxygen generation, low phototoxicity, rapid elimination, on the one hand, and photobleaching capability, on the other. This paper presents quantitative data on the study of the effectiveness of PDB with chlorine e6: color change for 100 teeth after the procedure, chlorine e6 penetration into the tooth tissues, evaluation of the interstitial efficiency of the generation of singlet oxygen and photobleaching of chlorine e6 during laser exposure. It has been statistically established that for one PDB procedure, the tooth color saturation (C) varies on average by 0.5 tones on the VITA scale, and the lightness of color (L) in some cases increases by more than 10 units.
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Gallinari MO, Fagundes TC, da Silva LM, de Almeida Souza MB, Barboza ACS, Briso ALF. A New Approach for Dental Bleaching Using Violet Light With or Without the Use of Whitening Gel: Study of Bleaching Effectiveness. Oper Dent 2019; 44:521-529. [DOI: 10.2341/17-257-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of violet light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in dental bleaching treatment when used in conjunction with bleaching gels containing different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (HP). Here, 90 bovine teeth (n=15) were randomly assigned to the following groups: GI, placebo without light; GII, 35% HP without light; GIII, 17.5% HP without light; GIV, placebo with violet LED; GV, 35% HP with violet LED; and GVI, 17.5% HP with violet LEDs. Three bleaching sessions of 45 minutes were conducted; 21 cycles involving one minute of irradiation by violet LEDs with 30-second intervals were performed during each session of bleaching (GIV, GV, and GVI). Color changes (ΔE, ΔL, Δa, and Δb) were analyzed using a visible ultraviolet light spectrophotometer 7 days after each bleaching session. The mean ΔE, ΔL, Δa, and Δb values were compared between groups by analysis of variance and Tukey tests, with a significance level of 5%. The groups treated with 35% HP had higher ΔE and ΔL and lower Δb values, regardless of whether violet light was used. The group that received only violet LED differed from the control group in terms of ΔE, and the group treated with 17.5% HP and violet LED presented higher ΔE values than the group treated with 17.5% HP only. Thus, violet light did not influence bleaching efficacy when using 35% HP, but when used in conjunction with 17.5% HP, it increased the bleaching efficacy. Moreover, use of the violet LED only also prompted a bleaching effect, although it was less marked.
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Affiliation(s)
- MO Gallinari
- Marjorie de Oliveira Gallinari, DDS, MS, PhD student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - TC Fagundes
- Ticiane Cestari Fagundes, associate professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - LM da Silva
- Livia Maria Alves Valentim da Silva, DDS student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - MB de Almeida Souza
- Morganna Machado Borges de Almeida Souza, DDS, MS student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - ACS Barboza
- Ana Carolina de Souza Barboza, DDS, MS student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - ALF Briso
- André Luiz Fraga Briso, associate professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Luo K, He J. Minimally invasive approach for improving aesthetic in a patient with tetracycline-stained teeth by bleaching: A clinical evaluation. LAPAROSCOPIC, ENDOSCOPIC AND ROBOTIC SURGERY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lers.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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de Geus JL, Fernández E, Kossatz S, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Effects of At-home Bleaching in Smokers: 30-month Follow-up. Oper Dent 2017; 42:572-580. [DOI: 10.2341/16-126-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objective:
This clinical study evaluated the color longevity after 30 months of at-home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) in smokers and nonsmokers.
Methods:
Sixty patients, 30 smokers and 30 nonsmokers, were subjected to bleaching with 10% CP (Whiteness Perfect–FGM) for three hours daily for three weeks. The color was measured at baseline and at one month and 30 months after the completion of dental bleaching using the shade guide Vita classical organized by value (ΔSGU) and the shade guide Vita Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER. At the 30-month recall, the color was assessed before and after dental prophylaxis. Data from color evaluation were analyzed by two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and Tukey test for the contrast of means (α=0.05).
Results:
Twenty-one smokers and 22 nonsmokers attended the 30 month recall. For both shade guides, only the main factor of assessment time was statistically significant (p<0.001). Effective whitening was observed in both groups at the baseline, which was stable at one month. However, color rebound was observed after 30 months for both groups of participants when color was measured before and after dental prophylaxis.
Conclusion:
Thirty months after at-home bleaching with 10% CP gel, dental darkening was detected in both groups, which cannot be solely attributed to stains caused by extrinsic staining from daily food, drinks, and smoke (in smokers).
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Affiliation(s)
- JL de Geus
- Juliana L de Geus, MS, PhD, School of Dentistry. School Paulo Picanço, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - E Fernández
- Eduardo Fernández, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile and Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Kossatz
- Stella Kossatz, MS, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - AD Loguercio
- Alessandro D Loguercio, MS, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - A Reis
- Alessandra Reis, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
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Loguercio AD, Maran BM, Hanzen TA, Paula AMD, Perdigão J, Reis A. Randomized clinical trials of dental bleaching - Compliance with the CONSORT Statement: a systematic review. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e60. [PMID: 28902240 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We reviewed the literature to evaluate: a) The compliance of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on bleaching with the CONSORT; and b) the risk of bias of these studies using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool (CCRT). We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed and other electronic databases, to find RCTs focused on bleaching (or whitening). The articles were evaluated in compliance with CONSORT in a scale: 0 = no description, 1 = poor description and 2 = adequate description. Descriptive analyses of the number of studies by journal, follow-up period, country and quality assessments were performed with CCRT for assessing risk of bias in RCTs. 185 RCTs were included for assessment. More than 30% of the studies received score 0 or 1. Protocol, flow chart, allocation concealment and sample size were more critical items, as 80% of the studies scored 0. The overall CONSORT score for the included studies was 16.7 ± 5.4 points, which represents 52.2% of the maximum CONSORT score. A significant difference among journal, country and period of time was observed (p < 0.02). Only 7.6% of the studies were judged at "low" risk; 62.1% were classified as "unclear"; and 30.3% as "high" risk of bias. The adherence of RCTs evaluating bleaching materials and techniques to the CONSORT is still low with unclear/high risk of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Dourado Loguercio
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa - UEPG, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Bianca Medeiros Maran
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa - UEPG, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Taíse Alessandra Hanzen
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa - UEPG, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Mara de Paula
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa - UEPG, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jorge Perdigão
- University of Minnesota, Department of Restorative Sciences, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Alessandra Reis
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa - UEPG, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
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The effect of long-term use of tooth bleaching products on the human enamel surface. Odontology 2017; 106:64-72. [PMID: 28547569 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-017-0308-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the long-term effect of bleaching on human enamel. Four groups of enamel specimens were prepared (n = 20): group 1: bleaching with Opalescence Boost [40% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 3 × 20 min/week]; group 2: control group (the specimens were stored in human saliva); group 3: beaching with Vivastyle Paint on Plus (6% H2O2, 2 × 10 min/day), and group 4: bleaching with Opalescence PF 16% [16% carbamide peroxide (CP), 6 h/day]. After each bleaching session the specimens were stored in human saliva. Knoop microhardness and surface roughness were measured: before bleaching, after 2-week and after 8-week bleaching. After 2-week treatment, surface roughness was significantly increased in all experimental groups (p < 0.05), while among them no significant difference was found (p > 0.05). The roughness changes exerted after 8-week bleaching were not significantly higher than the ones after 2 weeks (p > 0.05). After 8-week treatment, the increase in roughness caused by 16% CP was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the one caused by 40% H2O2. Microhardness increased in all groups including control; however, only 40% H2O2 increased the microhardness significantly (p < 0.05). The effect of bleaching on enamel was not shown to be dependent on the method or the H2O2 concentration. Bleaching with CP 16% resulted in higher roughness than bleaching with H2O2, while 40% H2O2 caused the higher microhardness increase. The present study showed that in-office bleaching with 40% H2O2 seems to be at least as safe as home bleaching as far as their effects on human enamel are concerned.
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Nie J, Tian FC, Wang ZH, Yap AU, Wang XY. Comparison of efficacy and outcome satisfaction between in-office and home teeth bleaching in Chinese patients. J Oral Sci 2017; 59:527-532. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Nie
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology
| | - Fu-Cong Tian
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology
| | - Zu-Hua Wang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology
| | - Adrian U. Yap
- Department of Dentistry, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, National University Health System
- School of Science and Technology, Singapore University of Social Sciences
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology
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Fernández E, Bersezio C, Bottner J, Avalos F, Godoy I, Inda D, Vildósola P, Saad J, Oliveira OB, Martín J. Longevity, Esthetic Perception, and Psychosocial Impact of Teeth Bleaching by Low (6%) Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration for In-office Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Oper Dent 2016; 42:41-52. [PMID: 27571237 DOI: 10.2341/15-335-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate the color longevity after nine months of in-office bleaching with gel (6% hydrogen peroxide), to compare this to a control concentration of 35% in a split-mouth study model, and to assess the dental confidence and psychosocial impact on patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS Twenty-seven patients were assessed at the nine-month recall. The bleaching procedure with 6% or 35% hydrogen peroxide gel was performed randomly in the upper hemi-arch of each patient. The color was measured at baseline and at one week, one month, and nine months after the procedure, using the Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer, the Vita classical shade guide organized by value, and Vita Bleach Guide 3DMaster. Moreover, two surveys, OHIP-Esthetics and PIDAQ, were used to assess the esthetic self-perception and psychosocial impact of the bleaching procedure. During the nine-month recall, the color was assessed before and after dental prophylaxis. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients participated in the nine-month recall. There was a significant difference in ΔE between the two groups at all times assessed (p<0.011). The ΔL, Δa, and Δb showed a difference between the two groups at all times assessed (p<0.038), except for ΔL from the baseline vs nine-month after prophylaxis value (p>0.20). There was no significant difference in ΔSGU at all times (p>0.05). There was a significant difference in OHIP-Esthetics and PIDAQ sums compared with baseline scores (p<0.03). CONCLUSION The two compounds remained effective at nine months, with a slight rebound of color, and maintained their objective color difference but not the subjective color difference. Patients were satisfied with the bleaching procedure, and this had a positive impact on esthetic perception and a positive psychosocial impact at the nine-month recall.
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One-year follow-up of at-home bleaching in smokers before and after dental prophylaxis. J Dent 2015; 43:1346-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review defines dentine sensitivity (DS), its prevalence, its aetiology, the mechanism(s) responsible for DS, its diagnosis and its treatment. The review then examines the modes of action of various treatments for DS including potassium salts, strontium salts, bioglasses, arginine/calcium carbonate and professional treatments such as adhesives and oxalates. The methods used to evaluate the various treatment modalities are discussed, including laboratory studies and randomised controlled clinical trials. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Ovid Medline and Cochrane reviews for information on DS and its treatments, as well as laboratory and clinical studies used to evaluate the efficacy of various DS treatments. With regard to efficacy of treatments for DS only reports of clinical studies that were randomised, controlled and blinded were reviewed. The authors offer new insights into the shortcomings of the recent systematic review of the use of oxalates for DS. CONCLUSION The authors introduce the concept of a novel desensitising mouthrinse containing 1.4% potassium oxalate: Listerine® Advanced Defence Sensitive mouthrinse. Readers of this supplement issue of the Journal of Dentistry are invited to review the significance of managing the clinical problem of DS. They are also invited to assess data from laboratory and randomised controlled clinical studies in order to understand the advantages offered by regular use of 1.4% potassium oxalate-containing mouthrinse, Listerine Advanced Defence Sensitive, in particular its resistance to daily erosive and/or abrasive challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mantzourani
- Oral Care Scientific and Professional Affairs, Johnson & Johnson Consumer Services EAME Ltd, Foundation Park, Maidenhead, UK
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Bennett ZY, Walsh LJ. Efficacy of LED versus KTP laser activation of photodynamic bleaching of tetracycline-stained dentine. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 30:1823-8. [PMID: 25288264 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1675-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In some well-established laser applications where large spot sizes are used, an array of high-intensity light emitting diodes (LED) emitting at similar wavelength could potentially replace the laser. This situation applies for the photodynamic bleaching of stains in teeth. This study compared the relative efficacy of an array of visible green LED (535 nm ± 15 nm) with a KTP laser in photodynamic bleaching of tetracycline-stained dentine in human tooth roots. After establishing consistent staining in 96 roots using a validated method, the roots were sectioned into 2-3-mm thick horizontal slices that were treated with gels containing rhodamine B (Smartbleach® or Smartbleach® 3LT). Colour changes were tracked up to 1 month after treatment. While both systems were effective in bleaching the tetracycline-stained dentine, KTP laser activation gave greater bleaching efficacy than LED activation, enhancing the action of the gel. Use of the KTP laser would be preferable over an LED system when confronted with tetracycline staining. Use of this photodynamic bleaching method offers valuable means to reduce the severity of tetracycline staining.
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