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Li M, Qi Y, Wang G, Bu S, Chen M, Yu J, Luo T, Meng L, Dai A, Zhou Y, Liu S, Huo X. Proteomic profiling of saliva reveals association of complement system with primary Sjögren's syndrome. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 9:1724-1739. [PMID: 34516718 PMCID: PMC8589410 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To compare the saliva proteomes of experimental Sjögren's syndrome (ESS) model mice and healthy controls to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers for primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). METHODS Proteins were extracted from the saliva of three ESS and three normal control mice using the data-independent acquisition technique. R language was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were performed to functionally annotate the DEPs. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and the core proteins were identified with the STRING website and Cytoscape software. The concentrations of Serpin family G member 1 (SERPING1), C3, complement factor H (CFH), fibrinogen alpha (FGA), and fibrinogen gamma (FGG) in saliva were determined by ELISA. RESULTS A total of 1722 DEPs were identified in the saliva of the ESS mice relative to the controls, of which 50 showed significantly different expression levels between the two groups. SERPING1, C3, CFH, FGA, and FGG were significantly downregulated, and keratin 4 (Krt4) and transglutaminase 3 (TGM3) were upregulated in the saliva of ESS mice. The PPI network showed that SERPING1, C3, FGG, FGA, TGM3, and hemopexin (HPX) were the core proteins. ELISA results showed that the expression of C3, CFH, FGA, and SERPING1 were significantly downregulated in the saliva of ESS mice. However, the expression of FGG was a little downregulated but with no significant difference. SERPING1, FGG, and FGA may downregulate the complement C3 by inhibiting immune complement system, thereby promoting pSS progression. CONCLUSIONS The salivary proteome of ESS mice was markedly different from that of healthy controls, suggesting that salivary proteomics is a promising noninvasive diagnostic tool for pSS. SERPING1, C3, CFH, FGA, and FGG are potential biomarkers of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingde Li
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, Scientific Research Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yajun Qi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Acupuncture and Massage, Anhui University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guizhen Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Su Bu
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, Scientific Research Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tianyang Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lulu Meng
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, Scientific Research Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Anran Dai
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, Scientific Research Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, Scientific Research Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, Scientific Research Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xingxing Huo
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, Scientific Research Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
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