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Wei T, Chen H, Wu D, Gao D, Cai Y, Cao X, Xu H, Yang J, Guo P. Response surface methodology for the mixed fungal fermentation of Codonopsis pilosula straw using Trichoderma reesei and Coprinus comatus. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15757. [PMID: 37601264 PMCID: PMC10434135 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the cellulose degradation rate (CDR) and lignin degradation rate (LDR) of Codonopsis pilosula straw (CPS) and the optimal fermentation parameters for mixed fungal fermentation. Single-factor tests were used to study the effects of the fungal ratio (Trichoderma reesei: Coprinus comatus), fungal inoculum, corn flour content, and fermentation time on the degradation rate of cellulose and lignin. Based on the results of this experiment, the optimal fermentation factors were identified, and the effects of various factors and their interactions on the degradation rates of cellulose and lignin were further evaluated using the response surface method. The quadratic polynomial mathematical model of degradation rates of the cellulose and lignin in CPS by mixed fungus fermentation was established using Design Expert software v8.0.6. Under the optimal parameters for fungal fermentation of CPS straw (fungal ratio 4:6, fungal inoculum 8%, corn flour content 10%, fermentation time of 15 d), the CDR and LDR reached 13.65% and 10.73%, respectively. Collectively, the mixed fungal fermentation of CPS resulted in decreased lignin and cellulose content, better retention of nutrients, and enhanced fermentation quality. The results of this study indicate that fermentation using Trichoderma reesei and Coprinus comatus is a productive method for straw degradation, providing a theoretical basis for the development of CPS as feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti Wei
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Ecological Industry Development Research Institute of the Upper Yellow River, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hongfu Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Ecological Industry Development Research Institute of the Upper Yellow River, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Dengyu Wu
- Ecological Industry Development Research Institute of the Upper Yellow River, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Taizishan Ecosystem Observatory of Carbon Neutralization, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Dandan Gao
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Taizishan Ecosystem Observatory of Carbon Neutralization, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Institute of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources Conservation and Utilization of the Upper Yellow River, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yong Cai
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Ecological Industry Development Research Institute of the Upper Yellow River, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Taizishan Ecosystem Observatory of Carbon Neutralization, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Ecological Industry Development Research Institute of the Upper Yellow River, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Institute of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources Conservation and Utilization of the Upper Yellow River, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Institute of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources Conservation and Utilization of the Upper Yellow River, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jutian Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Ecological Industry Development Research Institute of the Upper Yellow River, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Institute of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources Conservation and Utilization of the Upper Yellow River, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Penghui Guo
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Ecological Industry Development Research Institute of the Upper Yellow River, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Taizishan Ecosystem Observatory of Carbon Neutralization, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Suryadi H, Judono JJ, Putri MR, Eclessia AD, Ulhaq JM, Agustina DN, Sumiati T. Biodelignification of lignocellulose using ligninolytic enzymes from white-rot fungi. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08865. [PMID: 35141441 PMCID: PMC8814692 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulose is the most abundant biomass available on earth, including wood and agricultural wastes such as rice straw, corn cobs, and oil palm empty bunches. The biopolymer content in lignocellulose has a great potential as feedstock for producing industrial raw materials such as glucose, sorbitol, xylose, xylitol, and other pharmaceutical excipients. Currently, scientists and governments agree that the enzymatic delignification method is an environmentally friendly green method to be applied. This review attempts to explain the proper preparation of the enzymes laccase, lignin peroxidase, and manganese peroxidase, as well as the important factors influencing their activity. The recent applications of the enzymes for detoxification of hazardous substances, proper enzyme immobilization technique, and future prospect combination with DESs extraction of lignin are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Suryadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Jessica J. Judono
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Merianda R. Putri
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Alma D. Eclessia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Jiihan M. Ulhaq
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Dinar N. Agustina
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Triyani Sumiati
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java, Indonesia
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Al-Zaban MI, AlHarbi MA, Mahmoud MA. Hydrocarbon biodegradation and transcriptome responses of cellulase, peroxidase, and laccase encoding genes inhabiting rhizospheric fungal isolates. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2083-2090. [PMID: 33935563 PMCID: PMC8071968 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
By using the indigenous micro-organisms of the polluted environment to be treated, bioremediation can be a successful strategy. PCR and RT-PCR molecular techniques were applied to examine the evolution of fungal isolates through putative genes f ligninolytic enzymes like lignin peroxidase (LiP), laccase (LaC), manganese peroxidase (MnP), and cellulase (Cx) as a response to polluting of the environment by hydrocarbons. In this study, isolation of rhizospheric fungal isolates, molecular identification, crude oil tolerance, and enzyme excretions were demonstrated. From the date palm rhizosphere, 3 fungal isolates were isolated and characterized morphologically and molecularly by ITS ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing. The isolates were identified as Aspergillus flavus AF15, Trichoderma harzianum TH07, and Fusarium solani FS12 through using the BLAST tool in NCBI. All fungal isolates showed high tolerance to crude oil and survived with various responses at the highest concentration (20%). Aspergillus flavus AF15 and Trichoderma harzianum TH07 demonstrated promising oil-degrading tolerance ability based on the dose inhibition response percentage (DIRP) of the fungal isolates. A. flavus had a powerful capacity to production Cx, LaC, LiP and MnP with a range from 83.7 to 96.3 mL. Molecularly, nine genes of the ligninolytic enzymes, cbh (cbhI.1, cbhI.1, cbhII) lcc, lig (1, 2, 4 and 6) and mnp were tested for presence and expression (by PCR and RT-PCR, respectively). PCR showed that all isolates contained all the nine genes examined, regardless of capacity to enzymes production profiles, so the presence responses of nine genes did not correlate with enzymes-production ability. Gene expression analysis shows a more diverse pattern for tested isolates for example, Aspergillus flavus AF15 had over-expression of lig and mnp genes, Fusarium solani FS12 have a weak signal with lcc gene while, Trichoderma harzianum TH07 showed moderate expression of mnp and lcc genes. The power of the transcription of the gene leads to increased enzyme secretion by fungal isolates. Fungi are important microorganisms in the clean-up of petroleum pollution. They have bioremediation highly potency that is related to their diverse production of these catalytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayasar I. Al-Zaban
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A. AlHarbi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Mahmoud
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
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Jomura M, Kuwayama T, Soma Y, Yamaguchi M, Komatsu M, Maruyama Y. Mycelial biomass estimation and metabolic quotient of Lentinula edodes using species-specific qPCR. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232049. [PMID: 32421692 PMCID: PMC7233531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentinula edodes, commonly known as shiitake, is an edible mushroom that is cultivated and consumed around the globe, especially in Asia. Monitoring mycelial growth inside a woody substrate is difficult, but it is essential for effective management of mushroom cultivation. Mycelial biomass also affects the rate of wood decomposition under natural conditions and must be known to determine the metabolic quotient, an important ecophysiological parameter of fungal growth. Therefore, developing a method to measure it inside a substrate would be very useful. In this study, as the first step in understanding species-specific rates of fungal decomposition of wood, we developed species-specific primers and qPCR procedures for L. edodes. We tested primer specificity using strains of L. edodes from Japan and Southeast Asia, as well as related species of fungi and plant species for cultivation of L. edodes, and generated a calibration curve for quantification of mycelial biomass in wood dust inoculated with L. edodes. The qPCR procedure we developed can specifically detect L. edodes and allowed us to quantify the increase in L. edodes biomass in wood dust substrate and calculate the metabolic quotient based on the mycelial biomass and respiration rate. Development of a species-specific method for biomass quantification will be useful for both estimation of mycelial biomass and determining the kinetics of fungal growth in decomposition processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Jomura
- Department of Forest Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomoko Kuwayama
- Department of Forest Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuto Soma
- Department of Forest Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Masabumi Komatsu
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yutaka Maruyama
- Department of Forest Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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van Erven G, Nayan N, Sonnenberg ASM, Hendriks WH, Cone JW, Kabel MA. Mechanistic insight in the selective delignification of wheat straw by three white-rot fungal species through quantitative 13C-IS py-GC-MS and whole cell wall HSQC NMR. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:262. [PMID: 30263063 PMCID: PMC6156916 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The white-rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora (Cs), Pleurotus eryngii (Pe), and Lentinula edodes (Le) have been shown to be high-potential species for selective delignification of plant biomass. This delignification improves polysaccharide degradability, which currently limits the efficient lignocellulose conversion into biochemicals, biofuels, and animal feed. Since selectivity and time efficiency of fungal delignification still need optimization, detailed understanding of the underlying mechanisms at molecular level is required. The recently developed methodologies for lignin quantification and characterization now allow for the in-depth mapping of fungal modification and degradation of lignin and, thereby, enable resolving underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Wheat straw treated by two strains of Cs (Cs1 and Cs12), Pe (Pe3 and Pe6) and Le (Le8 and Le10) was characterized using semi-quantitative py-GC-MS during fungal growth (1, 3, and 7 weeks). The remaining lignin after 7 weeks was quantified and characterized using 13C lignin internal standard based py-GC-MS and whole cell wall HSQC NMR. Strains of the same species showed similar patterns of lignin removal and degradation. Cs and Le outperformed Pe in terms of extent and selectivity of delignification (Cs ≥ Le >> Pe). The highest lignin removal [66% (w/w); Cs1] was obtained after 7 weeks, without extensive carbohydrate degradation (factor 3 increased carbohydrate-to-lignin ratio). Furthermore, though after treatment with Cs and Le comparable amounts of lignin remained, the structure of the residual lignin vastly differed. For example, Cα-oxidized substructures accumulated in Cs treated lignin up to 24% of the total aromatic lignin, a factor two higher than in Le-treated lignin. Contrarily, ferulic acid substructures were preferentially targeted by Le (and Pe). Interestingly, Pe-spent lignin was specifically depleted of tricin (40% reduction). The overall subunit composition (H:G:S) was not affected by fungal treatment. CONCLUSIONS Cs and Le are both able to effectively and selectively delignify wheat straw, though the underlying mechanisms are fundamentally different. We are the first to identify that Cs degrades the major β-O-4 ether linkage in grass lignin mainly via Cβ-O-aryl cleavage, while Cα-Cβ cleavage of inter-unit linkages predominated for Le. Our research provides a new insight on how fungi degrade lignin, which contributes to further optimizing the biological upgrading of lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs van Erven
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nazri Nayan
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anton S. M. Sonnenberg
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter H. Hendriks
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - John W. Cone
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam A. Kabel
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Cai Y, Gong Y, Liu W, Hu Y, Chen L, Yan L, Zhou Y, Bian Y. Comparative secretomic analysis of lignocellulose degradation by Lentinula edodes grown on microcrystalline cellulose, lignosulfonate and glucose. J Proteomics 2017; 163:92-101. [PMID: 28483534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lentinula edodes has the potential to degrade woody and nonwoody lignocellulosic biomass. However, the mechanism of lignocellulose degradation by L. edodes is unclear. The aim of this work is to explore the profiling of soluble secreted proteins involved in lignocellulose degradation in L. edodes. For that, we compared the secretomes of L. edodes grown on microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose with lignosulfonate and glucose. Based on nanoliquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry of whole-protein hydrolysate, 230 proteins were identified. Label-free proteomic analysis showed that the most abundant carbohydrate-active enzymes involved in polysaccharide hydrolysis were endo-β-1,4-glucanase, α-galactosidase, polygalacturonase and glucoamylase in both cellulosic secretomes. In contrast, enzymes involved in lignin degradation were most abundant in glucose culture, with laccase 1 being the predominant protein (13.13%). When the cellulose and cellulose with lignosulfonate secretomes were compared, the abundance of cellulases and hemicellulases was higher in cellulose with lignosulfonate cultures, which was confirmed by enzyme activity assays. In addition, qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the expression levels of genes encoding cellulases and hemicellulases were significantly increased (by 32.2- to 1166.7-fold) when L. edodes was grown in cellulose with lignosulfonate medium. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this article, the secretomes of L. edodes grown on three different carbon sources were compared. The presented results revealed the profiling of extracellular enzymes involved in lignocellulose degradation, which is helpful to further explore the mechanism of biomass bioconversion by L. edodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Cai
- Institute of Applied Mycology, Plant Science and Technology College, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuhua Gong
- Institute of Applied Mycology, Plant Science and Technology College, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Applied Mycology, Plant Science and Technology College, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Institute of Applied Mycology, Plant Science and Technology College, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lianfu Chen
- Institute of Applied Mycology, Plant Science and Technology College, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lianlian Yan
- Institute of Applied Mycology, Plant Science and Technology College, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Institute of Applied Mycology, Plant Science and Technology College, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yinbing Bian
- Institute of Applied Mycology, Plant Science and Technology College, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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van Kuijk S, Sonnenberg A, Baars J, Hendriks W, Cone J. The effect of adding urea, manganese and linoleic acid to wheat straw and wood chips on lignin degradation by fungi and subsequent in vitro rumen degradation. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chen W, Zheng L, Jia R, Wang N. Cloning and expression of a new manganese peroxidase from Irpex lacteus F17 and its application in decolorization of reactive black 5. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Espinoza-Sánchez EA, Álvarez-Hernández MH, Torres-Castillo JA, Rascón-Cruz Q, Gutiérrez-Díez A, Zavala-García F, Sinagawa-García SR. Stable expression and characterization of a fungal pectinase and bacterial peroxidase genes in tobacco chloroplast. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Přenosilová L, Křesinová Z, Amemori AS, Cajthaml T, Svobodová K. Transcriptional response of lignin-degrading enzymes to 17α-ethinyloestradiol in two white rots. Microb Biotechnol 2012; 6:300-6. [PMID: 23170978 PMCID: PMC3815924 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal, ligninolytic enzymes have attracted a great attention for their bioremediation capabilities. A deficient knowledge of regulation of enzyme production, however, hinders the use of ligninolytic fungi in bioremediation applications. In this work, a transcriptional analyses of laccase and manganese peroxidase (MnP) production by two white rots was combined with determination of pI of the enzymes and the evaluation of 17α-ethinyloestradiol (EE2) degradation to study regulation mechanisms used by fungi during EE2 degradation. In the cultures of Trametes versicolor the addition of EE2 caused an increase in laccase activity with a maximum of 34.2 ± 6.7 U g⁻¹ of dry mycelia that was observed after 2 days of cultivation. It corresponded to a 4.9 times higher transcription levels of a laccase-encoding gene (lacB) that were detected in the cultures at the same time. Simultaneously, pI values of the fungal laccases were altered in response to the EE2 treatment. Like T. versicolor, Irpex lacteus was also able to remove 10 mg l⁻¹ EE2 within 3 days of cultivation. While an increase to I. lacteus MnP activity and MnP gene transcription levels was observed at the later phase of the cultivation. It suggests another metabolic role of MnP but EE2 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Přenosilová
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology ASCR,v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
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Janusz G, Kucharzyk KH, Pawlik A, Staszczak M, Paszczynski AJ. Fungal laccase, manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase: gene expression and regulation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2012. [PMID: 23199732 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research efforts have been dedicated to characterizing expression of laccases and peroxidases and their regulation in numerous fungal species. Much attention has been brought to these enzymes broad substrate specificity resulting in oxidation of a variety of organic compounds which brings about possibilities of their utilization in biotechnological and environmental applications. Research attempts have resulted in increased production of both laccases and peroxidases by the aid of heterologous and homologous expression. Through analysis of promoter regions, protein expression patterns and culture conditions manipulations it was possible to compare and identify common pathways of these enzymes' production and secretion. Although laccase and peroxidase proteins have been crystallized and thoroughly analyzed, there are still a lot of questions remaining about their evolutionary origin and the physiological functions. This review describes the present understanding of promoter sequences and correlation between the observed regulatory effects on laccase, manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase genes transcript levels and the presence of specific response elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Janusz
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
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12
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Cloning of Lentinula edodes lemnp2, a manganese peroxidase that is secreted abundantly in sawdust medium. MYCOSCIENCE 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10267-008-0463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Yano A, Kikuchi S, Nakagawa Y, Sakamoto Y, Sato T. Secretory expression of the non-secretory-type Lentinula edodes laccase by Aspergillus oryzae. Microbiol Res 2009; 164:642-9. [PMID: 19230633 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Revised: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The shiitake mushroom, Lentinula edodes, has an extracelluar secretory-type laccase, Lcc1, and a fruiting-body-accumulation-type laccase, Lcc4. We previously reported the production of Lcc1 by plant cells, but had difficulty producing Lcc4. Here, we report the production of Lcc1 and Lcc4 by Aspergillus oryzae and the extracellular secretory production of Lcc4 using a modified secretion signal peptide (SP) from Lcc1. Sp-Lcc4 produced by A. oryzae had biochemical activities similar to Lcc4 produced by L. edodes. Lcc1 did not react with beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenol) alanine (DOPA), but Lcc4 from L. edodes and A. oryzae could oxidize DOPA. K(M) values for the substrates 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazolinsulfonate), 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, guaiacol, pyrogallol, and catechol were similar for Lcc4 and Sp-Lcc4. In conclusion, a non-secretory-type fungal laccase is secreted into the culture media with its original enzymatic properties by exploiting modified secretory signal peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yano
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, 22-174-4 Narita, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan.
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