1
|
Bobba PS, Sailer A, Pruneski JA, Beck S, Mozayan A, Mozayan S, Arango J, Cohan A, Chheang S. Natural language processing in radiology: Clinical applications and future directions. Clin Imaging 2023; 97:55-61. [PMID: 36889116 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural language processing (NLP) is a wide range of techniques that allows computers to interact with human text. Applications of NLP in everyday life include language translation aids, chat bots, and text prediction. It has been increasingly utilized in the medical field with increased reliance on electronic health records. As findings in radiology are primarily communicated via text, the field is particularly suited to benefit from NLP based applications. Furthermore, rapidly increasing imaging volume will continue to increase burden on clinicians, emphasizing the need for improvements in workflow. In this article, we highlight the numerous non-clinical, provider focused, and patient focused applications of NLP in radiology. We also comment on challenges associated with development and incorporation of NLP based applications in radiology as well as potential future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratheek S Bobba
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Anne Sailer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | - Spencer Beck
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ali Mozayan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sara Mozayan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jennifer Arango
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Arman Cohan
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sophie Chheang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tadavarthi Y, Makeeva V, Wagstaff W, Zhan H, Podlasek A, Bhatia N, Heilbrun M, Krupinski E, Safdar N, Banerjee I, Gichoya J, Trivedi H. Overview of Noninterpretive Artificial Intelligence Models for Safety, Quality, Workflow, and Education Applications in Radiology Practice. Radiol Artif Intell 2022; 4:e210114. [PMID: 35391770 DOI: 10.1148/ryai.210114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence has become a ubiquitous term in radiology over the past several years, and much attention has been given to applications that aid radiologists in the detection of abnormalities and diagnosis of diseases. However, there are many potential applications related to radiologic image quality, safety, and workflow improvements that present equal, if not greater, value propositions to radiology practices, insurance companies, and hospital systems. This review focuses on six major categories for artificial intelligence applications: study selection and protocoling, image acquisition, worklist prioritization, study reporting, business applications, and resident education. All of these categories can substantially affect different aspects of radiology practices and workflows. Each of these categories has different value propositions in terms of whether they could be used to increase efficiency, improve patient safety, increase revenue, or save costs. Each application is covered in depth in the context of both current and future areas of work. Keywords: Use of AI in Education, Application Domain, Supervised Learning, Safety © RSNA, 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasasvi Tadavarthi
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Ga (Y.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (V.M., W.W., H.Z., M.H., E.K., N.S., J.G., H.T.), School of Medicine (N.B.), and Department of Biomedical Informatics (I.B.), Emory University, 1364 E Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322; and Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Westcliff-on-Sea, UK (A.P.)
| | - Valeria Makeeva
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Ga (Y.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (V.M., W.W., H.Z., M.H., E.K., N.S., J.G., H.T.), School of Medicine (N.B.), and Department of Biomedical Informatics (I.B.), Emory University, 1364 E Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322; and Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Westcliff-on-Sea, UK (A.P.)
| | - William Wagstaff
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Ga (Y.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (V.M., W.W., H.Z., M.H., E.K., N.S., J.G., H.T.), School of Medicine (N.B.), and Department of Biomedical Informatics (I.B.), Emory University, 1364 E Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322; and Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Westcliff-on-Sea, UK (A.P.)
| | - Henry Zhan
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Ga (Y.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (V.M., W.W., H.Z., M.H., E.K., N.S., J.G., H.T.), School of Medicine (N.B.), and Department of Biomedical Informatics (I.B.), Emory University, 1364 E Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322; and Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Westcliff-on-Sea, UK (A.P.)
| | - Anna Podlasek
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Ga (Y.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (V.M., W.W., H.Z., M.H., E.K., N.S., J.G., H.T.), School of Medicine (N.B.), and Department of Biomedical Informatics (I.B.), Emory University, 1364 E Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322; and Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Westcliff-on-Sea, UK (A.P.)
| | - Neil Bhatia
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Ga (Y.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (V.M., W.W., H.Z., M.H., E.K., N.S., J.G., H.T.), School of Medicine (N.B.), and Department of Biomedical Informatics (I.B.), Emory University, 1364 E Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322; and Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Westcliff-on-Sea, UK (A.P.)
| | - Marta Heilbrun
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Ga (Y.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (V.M., W.W., H.Z., M.H., E.K., N.S., J.G., H.T.), School of Medicine (N.B.), and Department of Biomedical Informatics (I.B.), Emory University, 1364 E Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322; and Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Westcliff-on-Sea, UK (A.P.)
| | - Elizabeth Krupinski
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Ga (Y.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (V.M., W.W., H.Z., M.H., E.K., N.S., J.G., H.T.), School of Medicine (N.B.), and Department of Biomedical Informatics (I.B.), Emory University, 1364 E Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322; and Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Westcliff-on-Sea, UK (A.P.)
| | - Nabile Safdar
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Ga (Y.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (V.M., W.W., H.Z., M.H., E.K., N.S., J.G., H.T.), School of Medicine (N.B.), and Department of Biomedical Informatics (I.B.), Emory University, 1364 E Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322; and Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Westcliff-on-Sea, UK (A.P.)
| | - Imon Banerjee
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Ga (Y.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (V.M., W.W., H.Z., M.H., E.K., N.S., J.G., H.T.), School of Medicine (N.B.), and Department of Biomedical Informatics (I.B.), Emory University, 1364 E Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322; and Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Westcliff-on-Sea, UK (A.P.)
| | - Judy Gichoya
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Ga (Y.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (V.M., W.W., H.Z., M.H., E.K., N.S., J.G., H.T.), School of Medicine (N.B.), and Department of Biomedical Informatics (I.B.), Emory University, 1364 E Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322; and Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Westcliff-on-Sea, UK (A.P.)
| | - Hari Trivedi
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Ga (Y.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (V.M., W.W., H.Z., M.H., E.K., N.S., J.G., H.T.), School of Medicine (N.B.), and Department of Biomedical Informatics (I.B.), Emory University, 1364 E Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322; and Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Westcliff-on-Sea, UK (A.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Richardson ML, Garwood ER, Lee Y, Li MD, Lo HS, Nagaraju A, Nguyen XV, Probyn L, Rajiah P, Sin J, Wasnik AP, Xu K. Noninterpretive Uses of Artificial Intelligence in Radiology. Acad Radiol 2021; 28:1225-1235. [PMID: 32059956 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We deem a computer to exhibit artificial intelligence (AI) when it performs a task that would normally require intelligent action by a human. Much of the recent excitement about AI in the medical literature has revolved around the ability of AI models to recognize anatomy and detect pathology on medical images, sometimes at the level of expert physicians. However, AI can also be used to solve a wide range of noninterpretive problems that are relevant to radiologists and their patients. This review summarizes some of the newer noninterpretive uses of AI in radiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabeth R Garwood
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Yueh Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Matthew D Li
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusets
| | - Hao S Lo
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Arun Nagaraju
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xuan V Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Linda Probyn
- Department of Radiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Prabhakar Rajiah
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jessica Sin
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Ashish P Wasnik
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kali Xu
- Department of Medicine, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, Santa Clara, California
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Joo H, Burns M, Kalidaikurichi Lakshmanan SS, Hu Y, Vydiswaran VGV. Neural Machine Translation-Based Automated Current Procedural Terminology Classification System Using Procedure Text: Development and Validation Study. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e22461. [PMID: 34037526 PMCID: PMC8190648 DOI: 10.2196/22461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Administrative costs for billing and insurance-related activities in the United States are substantial. One critical cause of the high overhead of administrative costs is medical billing errors. With advanced deep learning techniques, developing advanced models to predict hospital and professional billing codes has become feasible. These models can be used for administrative cost reduction and billing process improvements. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aim to develop an automated anesthesiology current procedural terminology (CPT) prediction system that translates manually entered surgical procedure text into standard forms using neural machine translation (NMT) techniques. The standard forms are calculated using similarity scores to predict the most appropriate CPT codes. Although this system aims to enhance medical billing coding accuracy to reduce administrative costs, we compare its performance with that of previously developed machine learning algorithms. METHODS We collected and analyzed all operative procedures performed at Michigan Medicine between January 2017 and June 2019 (2.5 years). The first 2 years of data were used to train and validate the existing models and compare the results from the NMT-based model. Data from 2019 (6-month follow-up period) were then used to measure the accuracy of the CPT code prediction. Three experimental settings were designed with different data types to evaluate the models. Experiment 1 used the surgical procedure text entered manually in the electronic health record. Experiment 2 used preprocessing of the procedure text. Experiment 3 used preprocessing of the combined procedure text and preoperative diagnoses. The NMT-based model was compared with the support vector machine (SVM) and long short-term memory (LSTM) models. RESULTS The NMT model yielded the highest top-1 accuracy in experiments 1 and 2 at 81.64% and 81.71% compared with the SVM model (81.19% and 81.27%, respectively) and the LSTM model (80.96% and 81.07%, respectively). The SVM model yielded the highest top-1 accuracy of 84.30% in experiment 3, followed by the LSTM model (83.70%) and the NMT model (82.80%). In experiment 3, the addition of preoperative diagnoses showed 3.7%, 3.2%, and 1.3% increases in the SVM, LSTM, and NMT models in top-1 accuracy over those in experiment 2, respectively. For top-3 accuracy, the SVM, LSTM, and NMT models achieved 95.64%, 95.72%, and 95.60% for experiment 1, 95.75%, 95.67%, and 95.69% for experiment 2, and 95.88%, 95.93%, and 95.06% for experiment 3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the feasibility of creating an automated anesthesiology CPT classification system based on NMT techniques using surgical procedure text and preoperative diagnosis. Our results show that the performance of the NMT-based CPT prediction system is equivalent to that of the SVM and LSTM prediction models. Importantly, we found that including preoperative diagnoses improved the accuracy of using the procedure text alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Joo
- Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael Burns
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Yaokun Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - V G Vinod Vydiswaran
- Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Frydrychowicz A, Boppel T, Sieber V, Schmidt JD, Borgert J, Schramm P, Barkhausen J, Amthor T. Automatic, log file-based process analysis of a clinical 1.5T MR scanner: a proof-of-concept study. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2021; 193:919-927. [PMID: 33535262 DOI: 10.1055/a-1346-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In light of the steadily increasing need for economical efficacy and capacity utilization it was the aim of this proof-of-concept work to implement an automated logfile-based analysis tool for MRI scanner utilization and to establish a process analysis. As a primary step, analyses of scanner and protocol utilization, parametrization of protocol processes, their durations, age dependency, and scan efficacy were to be tested. MATERIALS AND METHODS Logfiles were continuously extracted from a 1.5 T MR scanner (Philips Achieva) and automatically explored for relevant scan parameters. Parameters were extracted into a database and logically combined to protocol parameters. Visualization was achieved using PowerBI (Microsoft, USA). Data aggregation comprised a day-based and protocol-based strategy. In addition, age- and regional-based testing was performed. The frequency of protocol usage was evaluated and those protocols with frequent usage compared regarding efficacy to those rarely used. RESULTS After successful technical implementation, 3659 MR exams were available for further analysis. Out of a plethora of parameters, those relevant to the understanding of the scan process were identified. The initial results mirror the daily scanner usage and allow identifying, e. g., shortened scanner usage on Fridays or longer examination times in children. A scan efficacy of 69.6 ± 17.6 % excluding preparation process was identified as a parameter with high potential to be optimized in daily routine. CONCLUSION The logfile-based analysis of MR scanner processes was successfully introduced and holds the promise to be extended into a comprehensive analytic tool for the analysis and optimization of scanner processes. In combination with other variables from the departmental or institutional infrastructure or patient-specific information such tool may be developed into a intelligent steering tool. KEY POINTS · The automated log file analysis of MR-scanner processes was successfully introduced. · The log file-analysis allows for a detailed analysis of scanner processes. · From a log file-analysis, there is potential benefit to users, applications specialists and developers. CITATION FORMAT · Frydrychowicz A, Boppel T, Sieber V et al. Automatic, log file-based process analysis of a clinical 1.5T MR scanner: a proof-of-concept study. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2021; 193: 919 - 927.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Frydrychowicz
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tobias Boppel
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Victoria Sieber
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Joachim D Schmidt
- Philips GmbH Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Borgert
- Philips GmbH Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Schramm
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Barkhausen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Amthor
- Philips GmbH Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|