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Dako F, Holden N, Narayan A, Guerra C. Understanding Health-Related Social Risks. J Am Coll Radiol 2024; 21:1336-1344. [PMID: 38461918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Because of the established contribution of social factors to health outcomes, approaches that address upstream determinants of health have increasingly been recognized as cost-effective means to improve population health. Understanding and usage of precise terminology is important to facilitate collaboration across disciplines. Social determinants of health affect everyone, not just the socially and economically disadvantaged, whereas health-related social risks (HRSR) are specific adverse conditions at the individual or family level that are associated with poor health and related to the immediate challenges individuals face. Health-related social needs account for patient preference in addressing identified social risks. The use of validated screening tools is important to capture risk factors in a standardized fashion to support research and quality improvement. There is a paucity of studies that address HRSR in the context of radiology. This review provides an understanding of HRSR and outlines various ways in which radiologists can work to mitigate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farouk Dako
- Director, Center for Global and Population Health Research in Radiology, Senior Fellow, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, and Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Natasha Holden
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Anand Narayan
- Vice Chair, Health Equity, Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Carmen Guerra
- Vice Chair of Diversity and Inclusion, Department of Medicine, and Associate Director of Diversity and Inclusion, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Tang CC, Nagesh S, Fussell DA, Glavis-Bloom J, Mishra N, Li C, Cortes G, Hill R, Zhao J, Gordon A, Wright J, Troutt H, Tarrago R, Chow DS. Generating colloquial radiology reports with large language models. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2024:ocae223. [PMID: 39178375 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocae223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients are increasingly being given direct access to their medical records. However, radiology reports are written for clinicians and typically contain medical jargon, which can be confusing. One solution is for radiologists to provide a "colloquial" version that is accessible to the layperson. Because manually generating these colloquial translations would represent a significant burden for radiologists, a way to automatically produce accurate, accessible patient-facing reports is desired. We propose a novel method to produce colloquial translations of radiology reports by providing specialized prompts to a large language model (LLM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Our method automatically extracts and defines medical terms and includes their definitions in the LLM prompt. Using our method and a naive strategy, translations were generated at 4 different reading levels for 100 de-identified neuroradiology reports from an academic medical center. Translations were evaluated by a panel of radiologists for accuracy, likability, harm potential, and readability. RESULTS Our approach translated the Findings and Impression sections at the 8th-grade level with accuracies of 88% and 93%, respectively. Across all grade levels, our approach was 20% more accurate than the baseline method. Overall, translations were more readable than the original reports, as evaluated using standard readability indices. CONCLUSION We find that our translations at the eighth-grade level strike an optimal balance between accuracy and readability. Notably, this corresponds to nationally recognized recommendations for patient-facing health communication. We believe that using this approach to draft patient-accessible reports will benefit patients without significantly increasing the burden on radiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Crystal Tang
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, United States
| | - Supriya Nagesh
- Amazon Web Services, East Palo Alto, CA 94303, United States
| | - David A Fussell
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, United States
| | - Justin Glavis-Bloom
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, United States
| | - Nina Mishra
- Amazon Web Services, East Palo Alto, CA 94303, United States
| | - Charles Li
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, United States
| | - Gillean Cortes
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, United States
| | - Robert Hill
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, United States
| | - Jasmine Zhao
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, United States
| | - Angellica Gordon
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, United States
| | - Joshua Wright
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, United States
| | - Hayden Troutt
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, United States
| | - Rod Tarrago
- Amazon Web Services, Seattle, WA 98121, United States
| | - Daniel S Chow
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, United States
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Schmidt S, Zimmerer A, Cucos T, Feucht M, Navas L. Simplifying radiologic reports with natural language processing: a novel approach using ChatGPT in enhancing patient understanding of MRI results. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2024; 144:611-618. [PMID: 37950763 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-023-05113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this prospective cohort study was to assess the factual accuracy, completeness of medical information, and potential harmfulness of incorrect conclusions by medical professionals in automatically generated texts of varying complexity (1) using ChatGPT, Furthermore, patients without a medical background were asked to evaluate comprehensibility, information density, and conclusion possibilities (2). METHODS In the study, five different simplified versions of MRI findings of the knee of different complexity (A: simple, B: moderate, C: complex) were each created using ChatGPT. Subsequently, a group of four medical professionals (two orthopedic surgeons and two radiologists) and a group of 20 consecutive patients evaluated the created reports. For this purpose, all participants received a group of simplified reports (simple, moderate, and severe) at intervals of 1 week each for their respective evaluation using a specific questionnaire. Each questionnaire consisted of the original report, the simplified report, and a series of statements to assess the quality of the simplified reports. Participants were asked to rate their level of agreement with a five-point Likert scale. RESULTS The evaluation of the medical specialists showed that the findings produced were consistent in quality depending on their complexity. Factual correctness, reproduction of relevant information and comprehensibility for patients were rated on average as "Agree". The question about possible harm resulted in an average of "Disagree". The evaluation of patients also revealed consistent quality of reports, depending on complexity. Simplicity of word choice and sentence structure was rated "Agree" on average, with significant differences between simple and complex findings (p = 0.0039) as well as between moderate and complex findings (p = 0.0222). Participants reported being significantly better at knowing what the text was about (p = 0.001) and drawing the correct conclusions the more simplified the report of findings was (p = 0.013829). The question of whether the text informed them as well as a healthcare professional was answered as "Neutral" across all findings. CONCLUSION By using ChatGPT, MRI reports can be simplified automatically with consistent quality so that the relevant information is understandable to patients. However, a report generated in this way does not replace a thorough discussion between specialist and patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schmidt
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Orthopädische Klinik Paulinenhilfe, Diakonieklinikum, Rosenbergstrasse 38, 70192, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Alexander Zimmerer
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Orthopädische Klinik Paulinenhilfe, Diakonieklinikum, Rosenbergstrasse 38, 70192, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tudor Cucos
- Department of Radiology, ViDia Christliche Kliniken Karlsruhe, Steinhäuser Straße 18, 76135, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Matthias Feucht
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Orthopädische Klinik Paulinenhilfe, Diakonieklinikum, Rosenbergstrasse 38, 70192, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Luis Navas
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Orthopädische Klinik Paulinenhilfe, Diakonieklinikum, Rosenbergstrasse 38, 70192, Stuttgart, Germany
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Cook TS, Samples M, Krishnaraj A. Patient- and Family-Centered Care in Radiology: Lessons Learned and Next Steps. J Am Coll Radiol 2024; 21:5-6. [PMID: 37949156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa S Cook
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Vice Chair of the ACR's Commission on Patient- and Family-Centered Care.
| | | | - Arun Krishnaraj
- Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Chair of the ACR's Commission on Patient- and Family-Centered Care
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Yoon SH, Na KJ, Kang CH, Park IK, Park S, Goo JM, Kim YT. Remotely shared CT-derived presurgical understanding of lung cancer: A randomized trial. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:2823-2828. [PMID: 36052975 PMCID: PMC9527161 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Shared decision‐making is imperative for patient‐and family‐centered care. However, gathering individuals in a single place was challenged by modern life and pandemic restrictions. This study conducted a 1:1 randomized trial to examine the feasibility of a CT‐derived 3D virtual explanation module for lung cancer to improve the understanding of patients and third parties in physically separate locations. We prospectively enrolled adults in whom elective surgical resection for lung cancer was planned at a single tertiary hospital in 2020. From presurgical CT scans, deep neural networks automatically segmented lung cancer, airway, pulmonary lobes, skin, and bony thorax. The segmented structures were subsequently transformed into an anonymized interactive 3D module which comprised a standardized scenario with explanatory texts. The intervention group received a link to the module on their smartphone before admission and could repeatedly access the link or transfer it to patients' third parties. A total of 33 and 29 patients were enrolled in the intervention and control arms. The understanding score did not statistically differ between the arms (mean difference, 0.7 [95% CI: −0.2, 1.5]; p = 0.13). However, 76% of patients in the intervention arm accessed the link, and patient median access count was 14. The link recipients of third parties had comparable understanding scores to the patients (mean difference, −0.2 [95% CI: −1.9, 1.5]; p = 1.00), indicating that the understanding could be shared remotely with patients and patients’ third parties. In conclusion, it was feasible that people physically separated from patients obtained a comparable understanding of lung cancer surgery using the patient's CT‐derived 3D virtual explanation module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Ho Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwon Joong Na
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Kyu Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Samina Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Mo Goo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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