1
|
Rahimian Gavaseraei H, Hasanzadeh R, Afsharnezhad M, Foroutan Kalurazi A, Shahangian SS, Aghamaali MR, Aminzadeh S. Identification, heterologous expression and biochemical characterization of a novel cellulase-free xylanase B from the thermophilic bacterium Cohnella sp.A01. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
2
|
Huang D, Liu J, Qi Y, Yang K, Xu Y, Feng L. Synergistic hydrolysis of xylan using novel xylanases, β-xylosidases, and an α-L-arabinofuranosidase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans NG80-2. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:6023-6037. [PMID: 28616644 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass from various types of wood has become a renewable resource for production of biofuels and biobased chemicals. Because xylan is the major component of wood hemicelluloses, highly efficient enzymes to enhance xylan hydrolysis can improve the use of lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, a xylanolytic gene cluster was identified from the crude oil-degrading thermophilic strain Geobacillus thermodenitrificans NG80-2. The enzymes involved in xylan hydrolysis, which include two xylanases (XynA1, XynA2), three β-xylosidases (XynB1, XynB2, XynB3), and one α-L-arabinofuranosidase (AbfA), have many unique features, such as high pH tolerance, high thermostability, and a broad substrate range. The three β-xylosidases were highly resistant to inhibition by product (xylose) accumulation. Moreover, the combination of xylanase, β-xylosidase, and α-L-arabinofuranosidase exhibited the largest synergistic action on xylan degradation (XynA2, XynB1, and AbfA on oat spelt or beechwood xylan; XynA2, XynB3, and AbfA on birchwood xylan). We have demonstrated that the proposed enzymatic cocktail almost completely converts complex xylan to xylose and arabinofuranose and has great potential for use in the conversion of plant biomass into biofuels and biochemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Huang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia Liu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfei Qi
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Yang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Xu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Feng
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Phitsuwan P, Ratanakhanokchai K. The recovery and bioproperties of a xylanolytic multi-enzyme complex from Tepidimicrobium xylanilyticum BT14. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
4
|
Purification and Characterization of a GH11 Xylanase from Biobutanol-Producing Clostridium beijerinckii G117. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 175:2832-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1470-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
5
|
Salimi F, Mahadevan R. Characterizing metabolic interactions in a clostridial co-culture for consolidated bioprocessing. BMC Biotechnol 2013; 13:95. [PMID: 24188120 PMCID: PMC3827933 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clostridial co-culture containing cellulolytic and solventogenic species is a potential consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) approach for producing biochemicals and biofuels from cellulosic biomass. It has been demonstrated that the rate of cellulose utilization in the co-culture of Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium cellulolyticum is improved compared to the mono-culture of C. cellulolyticum (BL 5:119-124, 1983). However, the metabolic interactions in this co-culture are not well understood. To investigate the metabolic interactions in this co-culture we dynamically characterized the physiology and microbial composition using qPCR. Results The qPCR data suggested a higher growth rate of C. cellulolyticum in the co-culture compared to its mono-culture. Our results also showed that in contrast to the mono-culture of C. cellulolyticum, which did not show any cellulolytic activity under conditions similar to those of co-culture, the co-culture did show cellulolytic activity even superior to the C. cellulolyticum mono-culture at its optimal pH of 7.2. Moreover, experiments indicated that the co-culture cellulolytic activity depends on the concentration of C. acetobutylicum in the co-culture, as no cellulolytic activity was observed at low concentration of C. acetobutylicum, and thus confirming the essential role of C. acetobutylicum in improving C. cellulolyticum growth in the co-culture. Furthermore, butanol concentration of 350 mg/L was detected in the co-culture batch experiments. Conclusion These results suggest the presence of synergism between these two species, while C. acetobutylicum metabolic activity significantly improves the cellulolytic activity in the co-culture, and allows C. cellulolyticum to survive under harsh co-culture conditions, which do not allow C. cellulolyticum to grow and metabolize cellulose independently. It is likely that C. acetobutylicum improves the cellulolytic activity of C. cellulolyticum in the co-culture through exchange of metabolites such as pyruvate, enabling it to grow and metabolize cellulose under harsh co-culture conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Radhakrishnan Mahadevan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2E6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schiel-Bengelsdorf B, Montoya J, Linder S, Dürre P. Butanol fermentation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:1691-1710. [PMID: 24350428 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.827746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This review provides an overview on bacterial butanol production and recent developments concerning strain improvement, newly built butanol production plants, and the importance of alternative substrates, especially lignocellulosic hydrolysates. The butanol fermentation using solventogenic clostridial strains, particularly Clostridium acetobutylicum, is a very old industrial process (acetone-butanol-ethanol-ABE fermentation). The genome of this organism has been sequenced and analysed, leading to important improvements in rational strain construction. As the traditional ABE fermentation process is economically unfavourable, novel butanol production strains are being developed. In this review, some newly engineered solvent-producing Clostridium strains are described and strains of which sequences are available are compared with C. acetobutylicum. Furthermore, the past and present of commercial butanol fermentation are presented, including active plants and companies. Finally, the use of biomass as substrate for butanol production is discussed. Some advances concerning processing of biomass in a biorefinery are highlighted, which would allow lowering the price of the butanol fermentation process at industrial scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Schiel-Bengelsdorf
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - José Montoya
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sonja Linder
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Dürre
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brito-Cunha CCDQ, de Campos ITN, de Faria FP, Bataus LAM. Screening and Xylanase Production by Streptomyces sp. Grown on Lignocellulosic Wastes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 170:598-608. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
8
|
Gong X, Gruniniger RJ, Forster RJ, Teather RM, McAllister TA. Biochemical analysis of a highly specific, pH stable xylanase gene identified from a bovine rumen-derived metagenomic library. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:2423-31. [PMID: 22534823 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A metagenomic library was generated using microbial DNA extracted from the rumen contents of a grass hay-fed dairy cow using a bacterial artificial chromosome-based vector system. Functional screening of the library identified a gene encoding a potent glycoside hydrolase, xyn10N18, localised within a xylanolytic gene cluster consisting of four open-reading frames (ORFs). The ORF, xyn10N18, encodes an endo-β-1,4-xylanase with a glycosyl hydrolase family 10 (GH10) catalytic domain, adopts a canonical α8/ß8-fold and possesses conserved catalytic glutamate residues typical of GH10 xylanases. Xyn10N18 exhibits optimal catalytic activity at 35 °C and pH 6.5 and was highly stable to pH changes retaining at least 85 % relative catalytic activity over a broad pH range (4.0-12.0). It retained 25 % of its relative activity at both low (4 °C) and high (55 °C) temperatures, however the stability of the enzyme rapidly decreased at temperatures of >40 °C. The specific activity of Xyn10N18 is enhanced by the divalent cations Mn(2+) and Co(2+) and is dramatically reduced by Hg(2+) and Cu(2+). Interestingly, EDTA had little effect on specific activity indicating that divalent cations do not function mechanistically. The enzyme was highly specific for xylan containing substrates and showed no catalytic activity against cellulose. Analysis of the hydrolysis products indicated that Xyn10N18 was an endoxylanase. Through a combination of structural modelling and in vitro enzyme characterisation this study provides an understanding of the mechanism and the substrate specificity of this enzyme serving as a starting point for directed evolution of Xyn10N18 and subsequent downstream use in industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Gong
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Verma D, Satyanarayana T. Cloning, expression and applicability of thermo-alkali-stable xylanase of Geobacillus thermoleovorans in generating xylooligosaccharides from agro-residues. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 107:333-338. [PMID: 22212694 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A xylanase gene (xyl-gt) of 1.224 kbp was cloned from the extremely thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus thermoleovorans that encodes a protein containing 408 amino acid residues. Eight conserved regions (signature sequences) of GH family 10 xylanases have been found in the xylanase. When the xylanase gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), the recombinant strain produced xylanase titer of 270 U mg(-1) which is 27-fold higher than the wild strain. It is optimally active at 80°C and pH 8.5 with a high thermostability over broad range of pH (6-12) and temperature (40-100°C). The end products of the hydrolysis of birch wood xylan and agro-residues included xylobiose, xylotriose, xylotetraose and xylopentaose. The xylanase of G. thermoleovorans is one of the rare xylanases that exhibits thermo-alkali-stability, and thus, it is a suitable candidate for pre-bleaching of paper pulps and generating xylooligosaccharides from agro-residues for use as prebiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Digvijay Verma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110 021, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Janssen H, Döring C, Ehrenreich A, Voigt B, Hecker M, Bahl H, Fischer RJ. A proteomic and transcriptional view of acidogenic and solventogenic steady-state cells of Clostridium acetobutylicum in a chemostat culture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:2209-26. [PMID: 20617312 PMCID: PMC3227527 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The complex changes in the life cycle of Clostridium acetobutylicum, a promising biofuel producer, are not well understood. During exponential growth, sugars are fermented to acetate and butyrate, and in the transition phase, the metabolism switches to the production of the solvents acetone and butanol accompanied by the initiation of endospore formation. Using phosphate-limited chemostat cultures at pH 5.7, C. acetobutylicum was kept at a steady state of acidogenic metabolism, whereas at pH 4.5, the cells showed stable solvent production without sporulation. Novel proteome reference maps of cytosolic proteins from both acidogenesis and solventogenesis with a high degree of reproducibility were generated. Yielding a 21% coverage, 15 protein spots were specifically assigned to the acidogenic phase, and 29 protein spots exhibited a significantly higher abundance in the solventogenic phase. Besides well-known metabolic proteins, unexpected proteins were also identified. Among these, the two proteins CAP0036 and CAP0037 of unknown function were found as major striking indicator proteins in acidogenic cells. Proteome data were confirmed by genome-wide DNA microarray analyses of the identical cultures. Thus, a first systematic study of acidogenic and solventogenic chemostat cultures is presented, and similarities as well as differences to previous studies of batch cultures are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Janssen
- Abteilung Mikrobiologie, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christina Döring
- Abteilung Allgemeine Mikrobiologie, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Armin Ehrenreich
- Abteilung Allgemeine Mikrobiologie, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Am Hochanger 4, 85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Birgit Voigt
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Hecker
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hubert Bahl
- Abteilung Mikrobiologie, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ralf-Jörg Fischer
- Abteilung Mikrobiologie, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yeoman CJ, Han Y, Dodd D, Schroeder CM, Mackie RI, Cann IKO. Thermostable enzymes as biocatalysts in the biofuel industry. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2010; 70:1-55. [PMID: 20359453 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(10)70001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulose is the most abundant carbohydrate source in nature and represents an ideal renewable energy source. Thermostable enzymes that hydrolyze lignocellulose to its component sugars have significant advantages for improving the conversion rate of biomass over their mesophilic counterparts. We review here the recent literature on the development and use of thermostable enzymes for the depolymerization of lignocellulosic feedstocks for biofuel production. Furthermore, we discuss the protein structure, mechanisms of thermostability, and specific strategies that can be used to improve the thermal stability of lignocellulosic biocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl J Yeoman
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guo B, Chen XL, Sun CY, Zhou BC, Zhang YZ. Gene cloning, expression and characterization of a new cold-active and salt-tolerant endo-beta-1,4-xylanase from marine Glaciecola mesophila KMM 241. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 84:1107-15. [PMID: 19506861 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Although a lot of xylanases are studied, only a few xylanases from marine microorganisms have been reported. A new xylanase gene, xynA, was cloned from marine bacterium Glaciecola mesophila KMM 241. Gene xynA contains 1,272 bp and encodes a 423-amino acid xylanase precursor. The recombinant xylanase, XynA, expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 is a monomer with a molecular mass of 43 kDa. Among the characterized xylanases, XynA shares the highest identity (46%) to the xylanase from Flavobacterium sp. strain MSY2. The optimum pH and temperature for XynA is 7.0 and 30 degrees C. XynA retains 23% activity and 27% catalytic efficiency at 4 degrees C. XynA has low thermostability, remaining 20% activity after 60-min incubation at 30 degrees C. Its apparent melting temperature (T (m)) is 44.5 degrees C. These results indicate that XynA is a cold-active xylanase. XynA shows a high level of salt-tolerance, with the highest activity at 0.5 M NaCl and retaining 90% activity in 2.5 M NaCl. It may be the first salt-tolerant xylanase reported. XynA is a strict endo-beta-1,4-xylanase with a demand of at least four sugar moieties for effective cleavage. It efficiently hydrolyzes xylo-oligosaccharides and xylan into xylobiose and xylotriose without producing xylose, suggesting its potential in xylo-oligosaccharides production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Guo
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li N, Meng K, Wang Y, Shi P, Luo H, Bai Y, Yang P, Yao B. Cloning, expression, and characterization of a new xylanase with broad temperature adaptability from Streptomyces sp. S9. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 80:231-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Revised: 05/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
14
|
Helianti I, Nurhayati N, Wahyuntari B. Cloning, sequencing, and expression of a β-1,4-endoxylanase gene from Indonesian Bacillus licheniformis strain I5 in Escherichia coli. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-007-9601-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|