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Estrada-Valenzuela D, Ramos-Sánchez VH, Zaragoza-Galán G, Espinoza-Hicks JC, Bugarin A, Chávez-Flores D. Lipase Assisted ( S)-Ketoprofen Resolution from Commercially Available Racemic Mixture. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100996. [PMID: 34681221 PMCID: PMC8541352 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketoprofen is a commercially available drug sold as a racemic mixture that belongs to the family of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs known as profens. It has been demonstrated (in vitro) that (S)-ketoprofen is around 160 times more potent than its enantiomer (R)-ketoprofen, while accumulation of (R)-ketoprofen can cause serious side effects, such as dyspepsia, gastrointestinal ulceration/bleeding, pain, salt and fluid retention, and hypertension. In this work, four commercially available lipases were systematically assessed. Parameters such as conversion, enantiomeric excess, and enantioselectivity were considered. Among them, and by evaluating lipase load, temperature, solvent, and alcohol, Candida rugosa lipase exhibited the best results in terms of enantioselectivity E = 185 ((S)-enantiopreference) with esterification conversions of c = 47% (out of 50%) and enantiomeric excess of 99%. The unreacted (R)-enantiomer was recovered by liquid-liquid extraction and racemized under basic media, which was recycled as starting material. Finally, the (S)-alkyl ketoprofen ester was successfully enzymatically hydrolyzed to the desired (S)-ketoprofen with c = 98.5% and 99% ee. This work demonstrated the benefit and efficiency of using Candida rugosa lipase to kinetically resolve racemic ketoprofen by an environmentally friendly protocol and with the recycling of the undesired (R)-ketoprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Estrada-Valenzuela
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; (D.E.-V.); (V.H.R.-S.); (G.Z.-G.); (J.C.E.-H.)
| | - Víctor H. Ramos-Sánchez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; (D.E.-V.); (V.H.R.-S.); (G.Z.-G.); (J.C.E.-H.)
| | - Gerardo Zaragoza-Galán
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; (D.E.-V.); (V.H.R.-S.); (G.Z.-G.); (J.C.E.-H.)
| | - Jose C. Espinoza-Hicks
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; (D.E.-V.); (V.H.R.-S.); (G.Z.-G.); (J.C.E.-H.)
| | - Alejandro Bugarin
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (D.C.-F.)
| | - David Chávez-Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; (D.E.-V.); (V.H.R.-S.); (G.Z.-G.); (J.C.E.-H.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (D.C.-F.)
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Ngo TD, Oh C, Mizar P, Baek M, Park KS, Nguyen L, Byeon H, Yoon S, Ryu Y, Ryu BH, Kim TD, Yang JW, Seok C, Lee SS, Kim KK. Structural Basis for the Enantioselectivity of Esterase Est-Y29 toward (S)-Ketoprofen. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tri Duc Ngo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsuk Oh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Pushpak Mizar
- Chemistry, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Minkyung Baek
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-su Park
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Lan Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Huimyoung Byeon
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyoung Yoon
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Biological Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonwoo Ryu
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Biological Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Han Ryu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - T. Doohun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Woon Yang
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaok Seok
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Seo Lee
- Chemistry, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Kyeong Kyu Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Navvabi A, Razzaghi M, Fernandes P, Karami L, Homaei A. Novel lipases discovery specifically from marine organisms for industrial production and practical applications. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Toledo MV, Briand LE. Relevance and bio-catalytic strategies for the kinetic resolution of ketoprofen towards dexketoprofen. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:778-800. [PMID: 29124963 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1399249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the most relevant investigations concerning the biocatalytic kinetic resolution of racemic ketoprofen to dexketoprofen for the last 22 years. The advantages related to the administration of the dex-enantiomer in terms of human health, the so called "chiral switch" in the pharmaceutical industry and the sustainability of biotransformations have been the driving forces to develop innovative technology to obtain dexketoprofen. In particular, the kinetic resolution of racemic ketoprofen through enantiomeric esterification and hydrolysis using lipases as biocatalysts are thoroughly revised and commented upon. In this context, the biocatalysts, acyl-acceptors (alcohols), reaction conditions, conversion, enantiomeric excess, and enantiomeric ratio among others are discussed. Moreover, the investigations concerning scaling up processes in order to obtain an optically pure enantiomer of the profen are presented. Finally, some guidelines about perspectives of the technology and research opportunities are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Toledo
- a Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas-Dr. Jorge J. Ronco (CINDECA) , Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET , La Plata , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Laura Estefanía Briand
- a Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas-Dr. Jorge J. Ronco (CINDECA) , Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET , La Plata , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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Improving the enantioselectivity of an esterase toward (S)-ketoprofen ethyl ester through protein engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pervaiz I, Ahmad S, Madni MA, Ahmad H, Khaliq FH. Microbial biotransformation: a tool for drug designing. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683813050098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Liu J, Zhang Y. Optimisation of lipase production by a mutant of Candida antarctica DSM-3855 using response surface methodology. Int J Food Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02548.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang YY, Liu JH. Kinetic study of enantioselective hydrolysis of (R, S)-ketoprofen ethyl ester using immobilized T. laibacchii lipase. Biochem Eng J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Significantly Improved Expression and Biochemical Properties of Recombinant Serratia marcescens Lipase as Robust Biocatalyst for Kinetic Resolution of Chiral Ester. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 162:2387-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-010-9011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Purification and in situ immobilization of lipase from of a mutant of Trichosporon laibacchii using aqueous two-phase systems. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:909-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Long ZD, Xu JH, Zhao LL, Pan J, Yang S, Hua L. Overexpression of Serratia marcescens lipase in Escherichia coli for efficient bioresolution of racemic ketoprofen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2007.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zheng L, Zhang S, Gao G, Zhao L, Jia F, Cao S. Resolution of N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl) alanine catalyzed by Lipase B from Candida antarctica. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420701510742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zheng L, Zhang S, Wang F, Gao G, Cao S. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of the chiral herbicide: ( S)-metolachlor. CAN J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1139/v06-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A chemoenzymatic approach for the production of (S)-metolachlor, one of the most widely used herbicides, has been developed. The starting material (S)-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)alanine was obtained by the use of lipase-catalyzed hydrolytic kinetic resolution. Under the optimal conditions, the good activity and excellent enantioselectivity of lipase B from Candida antarctica (CAL-B,E > 100) are achieved in diethyl ether – water (15% v/v), which is about 9.7-fold more enantioselective than that in a pure buffered aqueous solution (E = 12.1). After a simple extraction procedure is used to separate the acid product from the remaining ester, the remaining ester is racemized, providing the basis for the continuous resolution process. Then (S)-metolachlor is synthesized by a simple chemical method using the enantiomerically pure (S)-acid.Key words: (S)-metolachlor, herbicide, CAL-B, (S)-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)alanine, resolution.
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Enantioselective properties of extracellular lipase from Serratia marcescens ES-2 for kinetic resolution of (S)-flurbiprofen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2006.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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