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Chen J, Lan X, Jia R, Hu L, Wang Y. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Mediated Optimization of Medium Components for Mycelial Growth and Metabolites Production of Streptomyces alfalfae XN-04. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091854. [PMID: 36144456 PMCID: PMC9501596 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces alfalfae XN-04 has been reported for the production of antifungal metabolites effectively to control Fusarium wilt of cotton, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (Fov). In this study, we used integrated statistical experimental design methods to investigate the optimized liquid fermentation medium components of XN-04, which can significantly increase the antifungal activity and biomass of XN-04. Seven variables, including soluble starch, KNO3, soybean cake powder, K2HPO4, MgSO4·7H2O, CaCO3 and FeSO4·7H2O, were identified as the best ingredients based on one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method. The results of Plackett–Burman Design (PBD) showed that soluble starch, soybean cake powder and K2HPO4 were the most significant variables among the seven variables. The steepest climbing experiment and response surface methodology (RSM) were performed to determine the interactions among these three variables and fine-tune the concentrations. The optimal compositions of medium were as follows: soluble starch (26.26 g/L), KNO3 (1.00 g/L), soybean cake powder (23.54 g/L), K2HPO4 (0.27 g/L), MgSO4·7H2O (0.50 g/L), CaCO3 (1.00 g/L) and FeSO4·7H2O (0.10 g/L). A verification experiment was then carried out under the optimized conditions, and the results revealed the mycelial dry weight of S. alfalfae XN-04 reaching 6.61 g/L. Compared with the initial medium, a 7.47-fold increase in the biomass was achieved using the optimized medium. Moreover, the active ingredient was purified from the methanol extract of S. alfalfae XN-04 mycelium and then identified as roflamycoin (a polyene macrolide antibiotic). The results may provide new insights into the development of S. alfalfae XN-04 fermentation process and the control of the Fusarium wilt of cotton and other plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yang Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-187-9280-9011
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Avilamycin production enhancement by mutagenesis and fermentation optimization in Streptomyces viridochromogenes. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:50. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Almalki MA. In-Vitro Screening and Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites from a New Streptomyces sp. SA1 from a Marine Environment. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:1333-1341. [PMID: 32568017 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200622120850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptomyces sp. produces various antibiotic agents and the number of lead molecules from the genus Streptomyces increased rapidly in recent years. Drug resistance against various commercially available antibiotics is one of the important problems throughout the world. Streptomyces spp. produce various antimicrobials with potent activity against drug-resistant bacteria. METHODS Streptomyces sp. SA1 was isolated from the marine environment for the biosynthesis of antibiotics. The important variables influencing secondary metabolite biosynthesis were optimized to increase the biosynthesis of antimicrobial agents using the traditional method and statistical approach. RESULTS Streptomyces sp. SA1 produced novel antibiotics and the process variables were optimized by the traditional method (One-variable-at-a-time approach). Maltose showed maximum antimicrobial activity (220 U/mL). Analysis of the nitrogen, the effect of nitrogen sources revealed that beef extract incorporated culture medium showed rich antibacterial activity (188/mL). Among the ionic sources, KCl significantly influenced antibiotic production. Maltose, beef extract and KCl were considered as the most influencing medium components. Antimicrobial agent biosynthesis was achieved with maltose 1.22 g/L, beef extract 0.93 g/L and KCl 0.27 g/L in response surface methodology. CONCLUSION Actinomycetes, especially Streptomyces, play an important role as a source for bioactive compounds that are used to treat infections, and many other diseases. The isolated Streptomyces sp. was a good producer of antibacterial agent, which required various nutritional supplements in the culture medium. The optimized medium components investigated in this study will be useful for future studies with the mass production of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Almalki
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
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Enhancement of Antibacterial Activity of Paludifilum halophilum and Identification of N-(1-Carboxy-ethyl)-phthalamic Acid as the Main Bioactive Compound. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4805706. [PMID: 32104693 PMCID: PMC7038168 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4805706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the combined effect of fermentation parameters and enhance the production of cellular biomass and antibacterial compounds from Paludifilum halophilum SMBg3 using the response surface methodology (RSM). Eight variables were screened to assess the effects of fermentation parameters on growth and metabolite production by Taguchi experimental design. Among these, the initial pH, temperature, and the percentage of MgSO4·7H2O in the medium were found to be most influential. The Box-Behnken design was applied to derive a statistical model for the optimization of these three fermentation parameters. The optimal parameters were initial pH: 8.3, temperature growth: 44°C, and MgSO4·7H2O: 1.6%, respectively. The maximum yield of biomass and metabolite production were, respectively, 11 mg/mL dry weight and 15.5 mm inhibition zone diameter against Salmonella enterica, which were in agreement with predicted values. The bioactive compounds were separated by the thick-layer chromatography technique and analyzed by GC/MS, NMR (1D and 2D), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). In addition to several fatty acids, N-(1-carboxy-ethyl)-phthalamic acid was identified as the main antibacterial compound. This element exhibited a potent activity against the ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica CIP 8039 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value range of 12.5-25 μg/mL. Results demonstrated that P. halophilum strain SMBg3 is a promising resource for novel antibacterial production due to its high-level yield potential and the capacity for large-scale fermentation.
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Uhoraningoga A, Kinsella GK, Henehan GT, Ryan BJ. The Goldilocks Approach: A Review of Employing Design of Experiments in Prokaryotic Recombinant Protein Production. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:E89. [PMID: 30347746 PMCID: PMC6316313 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5040089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of high yields of soluble recombinant protein is one of the main objectives of protein biotechnology. Several factors, such as expression system, vector, host, media composition and induction conditions can influence recombinant protein yield. Identifying the most important factors for optimum protein expression may involve significant investment of time and considerable cost. To address this problem, statistical models such as Design of Experiments (DoE) have been used to optimise recombinant protein production. This review examines the application of DoE in the production of recombinant proteins in prokaryotic expression systems with specific emphasis on media composition and culture conditions. The review examines the most commonly used DoE screening and optimisation designs. It provides examples of DoE applied to optimisation of media and culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gary T Henehan
- Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin D01 HV58, Ireland.
| | - Barry J Ryan
- Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin D01 HV58, Ireland.
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Latha S, Sivaranjani G, Dhanasekaran D. Response surface methodology: A non-conventional statistical tool to maximize the throughput of Streptomyces species biomass and their bioactive metabolites. Crit Rev Microbiol 2017; 43:567-582. [PMID: 28129718 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2016.1271308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Among diverse actinobacteria, Streptomyces is a renowned ongoing source for the production of a large number of secondary metabolites, furnishing immeasurable pharmacological and biological activities. Hence, to meet the demand of new lead compounds for human and animal use, research is constantly targeting the bioprospecting of Streptomyces. Optimization of media components and physicochemical parameters is a plausible approach for the exploration of intensified production of novel as well as existing bioactive metabolites from various microbes, which is usually achieved by a range of classical techniques including one factor at a time (OFAT). However, the major drawbacks of conventional optimization methods have directed the use of statistical optimization approaches in fermentation process development. Response surface methodology (RSM) is one of the empirical techniques extensively used for modeling, optimization and analysis of fermentation processes. To date, several researchers have implemented RSM in different bioprocess optimization accountable for the production of assorted natural substances from Streptomyces in which the results are very promising. This review summarizes some of the recent RSM adopted studies for the enhanced production of antibiotics, enzymes and probiotics using Streptomyces with the intention to highlight the significance of Streptomyces as well as RSM to the research community and industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvanathan Latha
- a Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology , School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Govindhan Sivaranjani
- a Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology , School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Dharumadurai Dhanasekaran
- a Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology , School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli , Tamil Nadu , India.,b Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences , University of New Hampshire , Durham , USA
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Singh V, Haque S, Niwas R, Srivastava A, Pasupuleti M, Tripathi CKM. Strategies for Fermentation Medium Optimization: An In-Depth Review. Front Microbiol 2017; 7:2087. [PMID: 28111566 PMCID: PMC5216682 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimization of production medium is required to maximize the metabolite yield. This can be achieved by using a wide range of techniques from classical “one-factor-at-a-time” to modern statistical and mathematical techniques, viz. artificial neural network (ANN), genetic algorithm (GA) etc. Every technique comes with its own advantages and disadvantages, and despite drawbacks some techniques are applied to obtain best results. Use of various optimization techniques in combination also provides the desirable results. In this article an attempt has been made to review the currently used media optimization techniques applied during fermentation process of metabolite production. Comparative analysis of the merits and demerits of various conventional as well as modern optimization techniques have been done and logical selection basis for the designing of fermentation medium has been given in the present review. Overall, this review will provide the rationale for the selection of suitable optimization technique for media designing employed during the fermentation process of metabolite production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Singh
- Microbiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Central Drug Research InstituteLucknow, India; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and TechnologyLucknow, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University)New Delhi, India; Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan UniversityJazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ram Niwas
- Microbiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, India
| | - Akansha Srivastava
- Microbiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, India
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Microbiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, India
| | - C K M Tripathi
- Fermentation Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Central Drug Research InstituteLucknow, India; Department of Biotechnology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial UniversityLucknow, India
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Yang RF, Geng LL, Lu HQ, Fan XD. Ultrasound-synergized electrostatic field extraction of total flavonoids from Hemerocallis citrina baroni. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 34:571-579. [PMID: 27773282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The total flavonoids from Hemerocallis citrina baroni are regarded as a green and natural health care product with many beneficial impacts on human health. In this study, ultrasound-synergized electrostatic field extraction (UEE) of the total flavonoids (TF) from H. citrina was investigated. Significant independent variables of the extraction, including the electrostatic field, ultrasonic power, ethanol concentration and extraction time, were optimized using the Box-Behnken (BB) method, and the optimal extraction conditions were obtained by response surface methodology (RSM). The extraction yield using UEE was compared with the yields obtained using only ultrasound extraction (UE) and water bath extraction (WE), using a UV-vis spectrophotometer. The best extraction yield of 1.536% using UEE was achieved under the following optimal conditions: electrostatic field of 7kV, ultrasonic power of 500W, ethanol concentration of 70% and extraction time of 20min. The optimal solid-liquid ratio (1:25g/mL) and extraction temperature (55°C) were determined by single factor experiments. Compared to other extraction methods, UEE not only increases the extraction yield of TF but also exhibits an excellent antioxidant activity in assays of the scavenging capacity for DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals. The availability of the UEE method can be supported by the ultrasonic cavitation effect, which plays the most important role in the UEE method. The electrostatic field can be regarded as a random disturbance for sonication, which can strengthen the cavitation effect and increase the cavitation yield. Moreover, the amount of iodine release in potassium iodide solution well validated the synergetic effect between the ultrasound and electrostatic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri-Fu Yang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lin-Lin Geng
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hai-Qin Lu
- Institute of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Fan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Morphine from Capsules of Papaver somniferum by Response Surface Methodology. Int J Anal Chem 2015; 2015:796349. [PMID: 25861273 PMCID: PMC4378338 DOI: 10.1155/2015/796349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, amount of morphine from poppy capsules (Papaver somniferum) was investigated using ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE). Response surface methodology was used to estimate effective experimental conditions on the content extraction of poppy capsules. For this purpose, solvent/solid ratio (10–20 mL/500 mg sample), pH (1–13), time (30–60 min), and temperature (30–50°C) were chosen as experimental variables. The affected response is extraction recovery values for morphine from poppy straw. For interpreting the relationship between experimental factors and response, a design table was established with combinations of three different concentrations levels of this compound in 29 trials. The second order quadratic model gave a satisfactory description of the experimental data. In our study, R-Squared (0.96), Adj-R-Squared (0.92), and Pred R-Squared (0.78) values for extraction yield display good accuracy of the derived model. The predicted optimal conditions for the highest morphine level (3.38 mg morphine/500 mg-sample) were found at 19.99 mL solvent/500 mg solid ratio, 59.94 min extraction time, 1.10 pH, and 42.36°C temperature. In the optimal extraction conditions, the experimental values are very close to the predicted values. Consequently, the response surface modeling can be achieved sufficiently to predict extraction yield from poppy straw by ultrasound assisted extraction.
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Şahin S, İlbay Z, Kırbaşlar Şİ. Study on Optimum Extraction Conditions for Olive Leaf Extracts Rich in Polyphenol and Flavonoid. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2014.966203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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A novel approach for olive leaf extraction through ultrasound technology : Response surface methodology versus artificial neural networks. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-014-0106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zhou C, Zhu C, Ren Y. Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Single Cell Oil fromMortierella isabellina. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2013.796562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ilbay Z, Sahin S, Kırbaşlar Sİ. Optimisation of ultrasound-assisted extraction of rosehip (Rosa canina L.) with response surface methodology. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:2804-2809. [PMID: 23576112 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenols from rosehip (Rosa canina L.) was investigated. The aim of the study was to examine the extraction parameters such as extraction time (30-90 min), temperature (30-50 °C) and solvent concentration (40-100% ethanol, v/v), and to obtain the best possible combinations of these parameters by using response surface methodology. RESULTS The experiments were performed according to the face-centred central design. Total phenolic content was expressed in gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per gram of dried matter (DM). The second-order polynomial model gave a satisfactory description of the experimental data. 47.23 mg GAE g(-1) DM was predicted at the optimum operating conditions (40% EtOH composition, 50 °C of temperature, and 81.23 min of extraction time). CONCLUSION All of the parameters (ethanol concentration, extraction time and extraction temperature) used in this research have the significant effect on the extraction efficiency of total phenolic content in rosehip extracts (P < 0.05). The solvent concentration was proved to be the most significant effective on the yields obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Ilbay
- Istanbul University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Chemical Engineering, 34320, Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kiew PL, Ahmad Z, Don MM. A hybrid of back propagation neural network and genetic algorithm for optimization of collagen extraction from Malaysian cultured catfish (Hybrid Clarias sp.). BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-012-0552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pan G, Yu G, Zhu C, Qiao J. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of flavonoids compounds (FC) from hawthorn seed (HS). ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2012; 19:486-490. [PMID: 22142939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hawthorn seed (HS), an important by-product of the Hawthorn industry, is rich in potentially health-promoting flavonoids compounds. In this paper, the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of FC from HS was investigated. Important variables and their levels were obtained using Plackett-Burman (PB) design and Box-Behnken (BB) design. A mathematical model was developed to show the effects of each variable and their combinatorial interactions on extraction yield of FC. A high coefficient of determination (R(2) = 91.26%) indicated good agreement between the experimental and predicted values of FC yield. The optimum levels of these significant parameters were determined using response surface methodology (RSM), which revealed these as follows: ultrasound temperature 65 °C, ultrasonic time 37 min, extraction temperature 91 °C, extraction time 1.5h, solid-liquid ratio of 1:18, and 72% ethanol. Under the optimum condition, the UAE rate of FC was up to 91.7%, and the yield of FC was 16.45 ± 0.02 mg/g (P<0.05) that was 1.32-fold the yield of conventional reflux extraction (CRE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Pan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, No 61, Daizong Road, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, PR China
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Experimental design of medium optimization for invertase production by Pichia sp. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2011; 51:267-75. [PMID: 24493883 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0494-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The culture medium requirement for invertase production by Pichia sp. was optimized and identified by initial screening method of Plackett-Burman. Furthermore, optimum concentrations of medium components, which were selected by in initial screening by Plackett-Burman, were determined by the Box-Behnken and its representative three-factor response-surface method. The regression models showed significantly high R (2) values of 97% for invertase activities, indicating that they are appropriate for predicting relationships between yeast extract, peptone and sucrose concentration with invertase production. According to the model the optimal concentrations of sucrose, yeast extract and peptone were 40, 5 and 4 g/ml, respectively. These predicted conditions were verified by validation experiments. In the optimized medium Pichia sp. produced invertase with activity of 38.71 U/ml, which is 4 times higher than that produced in original medium. Thus, this statistical approach enabled rapid identification and integration of key medium parameters for Pichia sp. BCCS M1, resulted the high invertase production.
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