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Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Extracellular Products Using Pseudomonas Corrugata and P. Mediterranea: A Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:bioengineering6040105. [PMID: 31739507 PMCID: PMC6955742 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6040105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Some strains of Pseudomonas corrugata (Pco) and P. mediterranea (Pme) efficiently synthesize medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates elastomers (mcl-PHA) and extracellular products on related and unrelated carbon sources. Yield and composition are dependent on the strain, carbon source, fermentation process, and any additives. Selected Pco strains produce amorphous and sticky mcl-PHA, whereas strains of Pme produce, on high grade and partially refined biodiesel glycerol, a distinctive filmable PHA, very different from the conventional microbial mcl-PHA, suitable for making blends with polylactide acid. However, the yields still need to be improved and production costs lowered. An integrated process has been developed to recover intracellular mcl-PHA and extracellular bioactive molecules. Transcriptional regulation studies during PHA production contribute to understanding the metabolic potential of Pco and Pme strains. Data available suggest that pha biosynthesis genes and their regulations will be helpful to develop new, integrated strategies for cost-effective production.
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Rizzo MG, Chines V, Franco D, Nicolò MS, Guglielmino SP. The role of glutamine in Pseudomonas mediterranea in biotechnological processes. N Biotechnol 2017; 37:144-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Licciardello G, Ferraro R, Russo M, Strozzi F, Catara AF, Bella P, Catara V. Transcriptome analysis of Pseudomonas mediterranea and P. corrugata plant pathogens during accumulation of medium-chain-length PHAs by glycerol bioconversion. N Biotechnol 2016; 37:39-47. [PMID: 27445200 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas corrugata and P. mediterranea are soil inhabitant bacteria, generally living as endophytes on symptomless plants and bare soil, but also capable of causing plant diseases. They share a similar genome size and a high proteome similarity. P. corrugata produces many biomolecules which play an important role in bacterial cell survival and fitness. Both species produce different medium-chain-length PHAs (mcl-PHAs) from the bioconversion of glycerol to a transparent film in P. mediterranea and a sticky elastomer in P. corrugata. In this work, using RNA-seq we investigated the transcriptional profiles of both bacteria at the early stationary growth phase with glycerol as the carbon source. Quantitative analysis of P. mediterranea transcripts versus P. corrugata revealed that 1756 genes were differentially expressed. A total of 175 genes were significantly upregulated in P. mediterranea, while 217 were downregulated. The largest group of upregulated genes was related to transport systems and stress response, energy and central metabolism, and carbon metabolism. Expression levels of most genes coding for enzymes related to PHA biosynthesis and central metabolic pathways showed no differences or only slight variations in pyruvate metabolism. The most relevant result was the significantly increased expression in P. mediterranea of genes involved in alginate production, an important exopolysaccharide, which in other Pseudomonas spp. plays a key role as a virulence factor or in stress tolerance and shows many industrial applications. In conclusion, the results provide useful information on the co-production of mcl-PHAs and alginate from glycerol as carbon source by P. mediterranea in the design of new strategies of genetic regulation to improve the yield of bioproducts or bacterial fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Licciardello
- Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico della Sicilia s.c.p.a. Via V. Lancia 57, 95121 Catania, Italy.
| | - Rosario Ferraro
- Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico della Sicilia s.c.p.a. Via V. Lancia 57, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Marcella Russo
- Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico della Sicilia s.c.p.a. Via V. Lancia 57, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Strozzi
- Parco Tecnologico Padano, via Einstein - Loc. Cascina Codazza 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Antonino F Catara
- Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico della Sicilia s.c.p.a. Via V. Lancia 57, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 13, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vittoria Catara
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, Via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania Italy
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Dirhamnose-lipid production by recombinant nonpathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas chlororaphis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:4333-42. [PMID: 25661819 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We previously discovered that Pseudomonas chlororaphis NRRL B-30761 produces monorhamnolipids (R1Ls) with predominantly 3-hydroxydodecenoyl-3-hydroxydecanoate (C12:1-C10) or 3-hydroxydodecanoyl-3-hydroxydecanoate (C12-C10) as the lipid moiety under static growth conditions only. We have now cloned, sequenced, and analyzed in silico the gene locus of NRRL B-30761 containing the putative coding sequences of rhamnosyltransferase chain A (rhlA Pch , 894 bps), rhamnosyltransferase chain B (rhlB Pch , 1272 bps), and N-acyl-homoserine lactone-dependent transcriptional regulatory protein (rhlR Pch , 726 bps). The putative gene products RhlAPch (297 amino acid residues or a.a.), RhlBPch (423 a.a.), and RhlRPch (241 a.a.) only have between 60 and 65% a.a. identities to their respective closest matched homologs in P. aeruginosa. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay did not detect the presence of rhamnosyltransferase C gene (rhlC) in P. chlororaphis, suggesting a genetic basis for the lack of dirhamnose-lipid (R2L) synthesis in this organism. We thus genetically constructed an R2L-synthesizing P. chlororaphis by expressing a rhamnosyltransferase C (rhlC) gene of P. aeruginosa using an expression vector (pBS29-P2-gfp) containing a Pseudomonas syringae promoter. The R2L/R1L ratio is 2.4 in the rhamnolipid (RL) sample isolated from the genetically engineered (GE) P. chlororaphis [pBS29-P2-rhlC], in contrast to undetectable R2L in the GE P. chlororaphis [pBS29-P2-gfp] control cells based on LC-MS analysis. The critical micelle concentrations of the R2L and R1L samples from GE P. chlororaphis [pBS29-P2-rhlC] and the control [pBS29-P2-gfp] cells were ca. 0.1 mM, and their minimum surface tensions were ca. 26 mN/m with no significant difference.
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Licciardello G, Bella P, Devescovi G, Strano CP, Sarris PF, Catara AF, Venturi V, Catara V. Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas mediterranea Strain CFBP 5447T, a Producer of Filmable Medium-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoates. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:e01260-14. [PMID: 25540338 PMCID: PMC4276816 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01260-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas mediterranea strain CFBP 5447(T) is a phytopathogenic bacterium isolated from tomato plants affected by pith necrosis disease. Moreover, its ability to produce medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHAs) in culture from different carbon sources and valuable microbial products, such as cyclic lipopeptides, has been well documented. Here, we report the first draft genome sequence of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Bella
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G Devescovi
- Bacteriology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Area Science Park, Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
| | - C P Strano
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - P F Sarris
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - A F Catara
- Science and Technology Park of Sicily, Catania, Italy
| | - V Venturi
- Bacteriology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Area Science Park, Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
| | - V Catara
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Catone MV, Ruiz JA, Castellanos M, Segura D, Espin G, López NI. High polyhydroxybutyrate production in Pseudomonas extremaustralis is associated with differential expression of horizontally acquired and core genome polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase genes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98873. [PMID: 24887088 PMCID: PMC4041789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas extremaustralis produces mainly polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a short chain length polyhydroxyalkanoate (sclPHA) infrequently found in Pseudomonas species. Previous studies with this strain demonstrated that PHB genes are located in a genomic island. In this work, the analysis of the genome of P. extremaustralis revealed the presence of another PHB cluster phbFPX, with high similarity to genes belonging to Burkholderiales, and also a cluster, phaC1ZC2D, coding for medium chain length PHA production (mclPHA). All mclPHA genes showed high similarity to genes from Pseudomonas species and interestingly, this cluster also showed a natural insertion of seven ORFs not related to mclPHA metabolism. Besides PHB, P. extremaustralis is able to produce mclPHA although in minor amounts. Complementation analysis demonstrated that both mclPHA synthases, PhaC1 and PhaC2, were functional. RT-qPCR analysis showed different levels of expression for the PHB synthase, phbC, and the mclPHA synthases. The expression level of phbC, was significantly higher than the obtained for phaC1 and phaC2, in late exponential phase cultures. The analysis of the proteins bound to the PHA granules showed the presence of PhbC and PhaC1, whilst PhaC2 could not be detected. In addition, two phasin like proteins (PhbP and PhaI) associated with the production of scl and mcl PHAs, respectively, were detected. The results of this work show the high efficiency of a foreign gene (phbC) in comparison with the mclPHA core genome genes (phaC1 and phaC2) indicating that the ability of P. extremaustralis to produce high amounts of PHB could be explained by the different expression levels of the genes encoding the scl and mcl PHA synthases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela V. Catone
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jimena A. Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mildred Castellanos
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Daniel Segura
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Guadalupe Espin
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Nancy I. López
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IQUIBICEN, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Pappalardo F, Fragalà M, Mineo PG, Damigella A, Catara AF, Palmeri R, Rescifina A. Production of filmable medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates produced from glycerol by Pseudomonas mediterranea. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 65:89-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rhamnolipid and poly(hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthesis in 3-hydroxyacyl-ACP:CoA transacylase (phaG)-knockouts of Pseudomonas chlororaphis. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Saponified waste palm oil as an attractive renewable resource for mcl-polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 116:485-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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de Eugenio LI, Galán B, Escapa IF, Maestro B, Sanz JM, García JL, Prieto MA. The PhaD regulator controls the simultaneous expression of thephagenes involved in polyhydroxyalkanoate metabolism and turnover inPseudomonas putidaKT2442. Environ Microbiol 2010; 12:1591-603. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02199.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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The influence of nitrogen limitation on mcl-PHA synthesis by two newly isolated strains of Pseudomonas sp. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 37:511-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ren Q, de Roo G, Witholt B, Zinn M, Thöny-Meyer L. Overexpression and characterization of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate granule bound polymerases from Pseudomonas putida GPo1. Microb Cell Fact 2009; 8:60. [PMID: 19925642 PMCID: PMC2788523 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-8-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are synthesized by many bacteria in the cytoplasm as storage compounds for energy and carbon. The key enzymes for PHA biosynthesis are PHA polymerases, which catalyze the covalent linkage of 3-hydroxyacyl coenzymeA thioesters by transesterification with concomitant release of CoA. Pseudomonas putida GPo1 and many other Pseudomonas species contain two different class II polymerases, encoded by phaC1 and phaC2. Although numerous studies have been carried out on PHA polymerases and they are well characterized at the molecular level, the biochemical properties of the class II polymerases have not been studied in detail. Previously we and other groups purified the polymerases, however, the activities of the purified enzymes were several magnitude lower than the granule-bound enzymes. It is problematic to study the intrinsic properties of these enzymes with such low activities, although they are pure. Results PHA polymerase 1 (PhaC1) and PHA polymerase 2 (PhaC2) from P. putida GPo1 were overexpressed in the PHA-negative host P. putida GPp104 and purified from isolated PHA granules. Only minor activity (two to three orders of magnitude lower than that of the granule bound proteins) could be recovered when the enzymes were purified to homogeneity. Therefore, kinetic properties and substrate ranges were determined for the granule bound polymerases. The polymerases differed significantly with respect to their association with PHA granules, enzyme kinetics and substrate specificity. PhaC2 appeared to bind PHA granules more tightly than PhaC1. When R-3-hydroxyoctanoic acid was used as substrate, the granule-bound PhaC1 exhibited a Km of 125 (± 35) μM and a Vmax of 40.8 (± 6.2) U/mg PhaC1, while a Km of 37 (± 10) μM and a Vmax of 2.7 (± 0.7) U/mg PhaC2 could be derived for the granule-bound PhaC2. Granule-bound PhaC1 showed a strong preference for medium chain length (mcl-) 3-hydroxyacly-CoAs, with highest affinity towards 3-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA (40 U/mg PhaC1). Granule-bound PhaC2 demonstrated a far broader specificity ranging from short chain length up to long chain length substrates. Activity increased with increasing chain length with a maximum activity for 3-hydroxyacyl-CoAs containing 12 or more C-atoms. Conclusion The kinetic properties and substrate ranges were determined for both granule bound polymerases. Evidence was provided for the first time that two PHA polymerases exhibited significant differences in granule release and in vitro activity profiles, suggesting that there are substantial functional differences between granule bound PhaC1 and PhaC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Ren
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (Empa), CH-9014 St, Gallen, Switzerland.
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