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Heinks T, Koopmeiners S, Montua N, Sewald N, Höhne M, Bornscheuer UT, Fischer von Mollard G. Co-Immobilization of a Multi-Enzyme Cascade: (S)-Selective Amine Transaminases, l-Amino Acid Oxidase and Catalase. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300425. [PMID: 37368451 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
An enzyme cascade was established previously consisting of a recycling system with an l-amino acid oxidase (hcLAAO4) and a catalase (hCAT) for different α-keto acid co-substrates of (S)-selective amine transaminases (ATAs) in kinetic resolutions of racemic amines. Only 1 mol % of the co-substrate was required and l-amino acids instead of α-keto acids could be applied. However, soluble enzymes cannot be reused easily. Immobilization of hcLAAO4, hCAT and the (S)-selective ATA from Vibrio fluvialis (ATA-Vfl) was addressed here. Immobilization of the enzymes together rather than on separate beads showed higher reaction rates most likely due to fast co-substrate channeling between ATA-Vfl and hcLAAO4 due to their close proximity. Co-immobilization allowed further reduction of the co-substrate amount to 0.1 mol % most likely due to a more efficient H2 O2 -removal caused by the stabilized hCAT and its proximity to hcLAAO4. Finally, the co-immobilized enzyme cascade was reused in 3 cycles of preparative kinetic resolutions to produce (R)-1-PEA with high enantiomeric purity (97.3 %ee). Further recycling was inefficient due to the instability of ATA-Vfl, while hcLAAO4 and hCAT revealed high stability. An engineered ATA-Vfl-8M was used in the co-immobilized enzyme cascade to produce (R)-1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethanamine, an apremilast-intermediate, with a 1,000 fold lower input of the co-substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Heinks
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Simon Koopmeiners
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nicolai Montua
- Faculty of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Faculty of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Matthias Höhne
- Department of Chemistry/Biocatalysis, Technische Universität Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Str. 10, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
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Co-Immobilization of D-Amino Acid Oxidase, Catalase, and Transketolase for One-Pot, Two-Step Synthesis of L-Erythrulose. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present an immobilized enzyme cascade in a basket-type reactor allowing a one-pot, two-step enzymatic synthesis of L-erythrulose from D-serine and glycolaldehyde. Three enzymes, D-amino acid oxidase from Rhodotorula gracilis (DAAORg), catalase from bovine liver (CAT), and transketolase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (TKgst) were covalently immobilized on silica monolithic pellets, characterized by an open structure of interconnected macropores and a specific surface area of up to 300 m2/g. Three strategies were considered: (i) separate immobilization of enzymes on silica supports ([DAAO][CAT][TK]), (ii) co-immobilization of two of the three enzymes followed by the third ([DAAO+CAT][TK]), and (iii) co-immobilization of all three enzymes ([DAAO+CAT+TK]). The highest L-erythrulose concentrations were observed for the co-immobilization protocols (ii) and (iii) (30.7 mM and 29.1 mM, respectively). The reusability study showed that the best combination was [DAAO + CAT][TK], which led to the same level of L-erythrulose formation after two reuse cycles. The described process paves the way for the effective synthesis of a wide range of α-hydroxyketones from D-serine and suitable aldehydes.
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Lu C, Zou K, Guo B, Li Q, Wang Z, Xiao W, Zhao L. Linker-peptide-mediated one-step purification and immobilization of α-L-rhamnosidase from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron for direct biotransformation from epimedin C to icariin. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 162:110131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fast anisotropic growth of the biomineralized zinc phosphate nanocrystals for a facile and instant construction of laccase@Zn 3(PO 4) 2 hybrid nanoflowers. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 204:520-531. [PMID: 35167870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (HNFs) of laccase@Zn3(PO4)2 were fabricated through a facile, simple, and rapid one-step strategy. In this process, laccase was involved in nucleation and fast anisotropic growth reactions with Zn (II) and phosphate ions. The average pore size of the prepared HNFs was 54.5 nm, and its BET-specific surface area was 59.5 m2 g-1. In comparison with the free laccase, the entrapped enzyme activity in the constructed HNFs was 86.4%. In addition, the hybrid biocatalyst displayed a maximum rate of reaction (Vmax) of 1640.2 ± 3.6 μmol min-1 with respect to the native enzyme. The constructed HNFs maintained 45.1% and 60% of the original laccase activity after 12 successive reusability cycles and 30 days of storage at 4 °C, respectively. The as-obtained HNFs demonstrated a high bioremoval percentage of Direct blue-71 (94.1%) within a 10-h-treatment at 40 °C and 15 mg l-1 of the dye concentration. The pseudo-first order and second order were the best-fitted kinetic models for the dye removal using Zn3(PO4)2 nanoflakes and the fabricated HNFs, respectively. Besides, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) revealed biotransformation of the dye into less toxic metabolites as verified by testing on some bacterial strains.
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Wang Z, Liu Y, Dong X, Sun Y. Cobalt Phosphate Nanocrystals: A Catalase-Like Nanozyme and In Situ Enzyme-Encapsulating Carrier for Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of α-Keto Acid. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:49974-49981. [PMID: 34636538 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemoenzymatic catalysis combining the traits of chemical and enzymatic catalysis provides tremendous possibilities for the design of biosynthetic pathways utilizing inorganic catalysts and enzymes. However, the efficiency of chemoenzymatic catalysis is usually governed by the synergy and compatibility of the two catalysts. Here, we report for the first time the catalase-like activity of cobalt phosphate nanocrystals (CoPs). By a one-pot biomimetic mineralization with CoPs and l-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) under a mild condition, we have fabricated a hybrid nanobiocatalyst, LAAO@CoPs, for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of α-keto acid. The as-fabricated nanobiocatalyst with directly contacted catalytic sites of the enzyme and nanozyme maximizes the substrate channeling effects for in situ chemical decomposition of the oxidative intermediate, H2O2, during the enzymatic oxidation of l-tryptophan (l-Trp), thus minimizing the H2O2 accumulation and byproduct generation. Benefiting from the superiority of LAAO@CoPs, complete conversion (100.0%) of l-Trp to indole pyruvic acid is achieved, over two times higher than the yield of the free LAAO system (47.6%). Meanwhile, LAAO@CoPs show high stabilities against heat and proteolytic treatments. This work offers a new design approach for constructing a high-performance nanobiocatalyst for cascade reactions, especially for those systems with toxic or reactive intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfu Wang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Rauwolf S, Steegmüller T, Schwaminger SP, Berensmeier S. Purification of a peptide tagged protein via an affinity chromatographic process with underivatized silica. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:549-557. [PMID: 34690628 PMCID: PMC8518568 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Silica is widely used for chromatography resins due to its high mechanical strength, column efficiency, easy manufacturing (i.e. controlled size and porosity), and low-cost. Despite these positive attributes to silica, it is currently used as a backbone for chromatographic resins in biotechnological downstream processing. The aim of this study is to show how the octapeptide (RH)4 can be used as peptide tag for high-purity protein purification on bare silica. The tag possesses a high affinity to deprotonated silanol groups because the tag's arginine groups interact with the surface via an ion pairing mechanism. A chromatographic workflow to purify GFP fused with (RH)4 could be implemented. Purities were determined by SDS-PAGE and RP-HPLC. The equilibrium binding capacity of the fusion protein GFP-(RH)4 on silica is 450 mg/g and the dynamic binding capacity around 3 mg/mL. One-step purification from clarified lysate achieved a purity of 93% and a recovery of 94%. Overloading the column enhances the purity to >95%. Static experiments with different buffers showed variability of the method making the system independent from buffer choice. Our designed peptide tag allows bare silica to be utilized in preparative chromatography for downstream bioprocessing; thus, providing a cost saving factor regarding expensive surface functionalization. Underivatized silica in combination with our (RH)4 peptide tag allows the purification of proteins, in all scales, without relying on complex resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Rauwolf
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Tobias Steegmüller
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | | | - Sonja Berensmeier
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
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