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Li Q, Zhang J, Li Q, Zhong S, Zhou X, Zou F, Deng Y, Luo X, Shen L, Chen X, Guo R. Quantification of testicular fat content: the value of evaluating testicular function after cryptorchidism surgery. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03272-7. [PMID: 38769403 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the correlation between testicular fat content (TFC) and sex hormone levels in patients with cryptorchidism and its value in assessing postsurgical testicular function. METHODS Pelvic MRI with the mDIXON Quant sequence was performed on 23 cryptorchidism patients and 15 normal controls. The TFC before and after surgery was measured and compared. The correlations between cryptorchid TFC and testosterone (TSTO), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and estradiol (E2) levels were analyzed, as was the specificity of TFC and each hormone for assessing testicular function after surgery. RESULTS The preoperative cryptorchid TFC (3.06% ± 0.74) was higher than that of the normal controls (1.36% ± 0.49). TSTO was negatively correlated with the cryptorchid TFC (r = -0.698), while FSH and E2 were positively associated with the cryptorchid TFC (r = 0.658, 0.676). Cryptorchid TFC after surgery (2.01% ± 0.55) was lower than the preoperative TFC, but hormone levels were not significantly different. The TFC after surgery (0.864) had a larger AUC value than did TSTO (0.639), FSH (0.597), and E2 (0.586). CONCLUSION Noninvasive quantification of cryptorchid TFC using the mDIXON Quant sequence is more specific than hormone levels for assessing postsurgical changes in testicular function. IMPACT The cryptorchid testicular fat content is significantly higher than the normal testicular fat content. Cryptorchid testicular fat content is negatively correlated with presurgical serum TSTO levels and positively correlated with presurgical FSH and E2 levels. Pre- and postoperative changes in cryptorchid testicular fat content change are more sensitive than changes in TSTO, FSH, or E2 levels. Noninvasive cryptorchid testicular fat content quantified by the mDIXON Quant sequence is more specific than serum TSTO, FSH, and E2 levels for assessing changes in testicular function after cryptorchidism surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Li
- Department of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, PR China
- Department of VIP Medical Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, PR China
| | - Quanxi Li
- Department of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, PR China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhong
- Department of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, PR China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, PR China
| | - Fengyun Zou
- Department of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, PR China
| | - Yayin Deng
- Department of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Luo
- Department of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, PR China
| | - Lishan Shen
- Department of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, PR China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, PR China.
| | - Ruomi Guo
- Department of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, PR China.
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Du M, Chen S, Chen Y, Yuan X, Dong H. Testicular fat deposition attenuates reproductive performance via decreased follicle-stimulating hormone level and sperm meiosis and testosterone synthesis in mouse. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:50-60. [PMID: 37641828 PMCID: PMC10766465 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Testicular fat deposition has been reported to affect animal reproduction. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. The present study explored whether sperm meiosis and testosterone synthesis contribute to mouse testicular fat depositioninduced reproductive performance. METHODS High fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity CD1 mice (DIO) were used as a testicular fat deposition model. The serum hormone test was performed by agent kit. The quality of sperm was assessed using a Sperm Class Analyzer. Testicular tissue morphology was analyzed by histochemical methods. The expression of spermatocyte marker molecules was monitored by an immuno-fluorescence microscope during meiosis. Analysis of the synthesis of testosterone was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and reagent kit. RESULTS It was found that there was a significant increase in body weight among DIO mice, however, the food intake showed no difference compared to control mice fed a normal diet (CTR). The number of offspring in DIO mice decreased, but there was no significant difference from the CTR group. The levels of follicle-stimulating hormone were lower in DIO mice and their luteinizing hormone levels were similar. The results showed a remarkable decrease in sperm density and motility among DIO mice. We also found that fat accumulation affected the meiosis process, mainly reflected in the cross-exchange of homologous chromosomes. In addition, overweight increased fat deposition in the testis and reduced the expression of testosterone synthesis-related enzymes, thereby affecting the synthesis and secretion of testosterone by testicular Leydig cells. CONCLUSION Fat accumulation in the testes causes testicular cell dysfunction, which affects testosterone hormone synthesis and ultimately affects sperm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109,
China
| | - Shikun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109,
China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150,
Australia
| | - Yang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109,
China
| | - Xinxu Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284,
USA
| | - Huansheng Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109,
China
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Yang F, Li QL, Wen HQ, Xie WJ, Shen LS, Luo XW, Zhang YF, Guo RM. Quantification of penile fat infiltration using the mDIXON Quant sequence: a pilot study on the correlation with penis hardness and erectile dysfunction. Br J Radiol 2021; 94:20201400. [PMID: 33882248 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20201400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine fat/water signal ratios using the mDIXON Quant sequence, quantitatively assess fat infiltration in the penis, and explore its possible relationship with penile hardness and erectile dysfunction. METHODS Routine pelvic MRI with the mDIXON Quant sequence was performed in 62 subjects, including 22 people in the normal group, 20 people in the normal erectile hardness group, and 20 people in the erectile dysfunction (ED) group. The fat/water signal ratio in the penis was measured using the mDIXON Quant sequence. Shear wave elastography was used to evaluate the hardness of the corpus cavernosa of the penis. RESULTS The fat/water signal ratio of the corpus spongiosum was significantly lower than that of the corpus cavernosa in the normal group (p = 0.03) and ED group (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the fat/water signal ratios between the normal group and the normal erectile hardness group. Fat infiltration was significantly lower, and erectile hardness was significantly higher in the normal erectile hardness group than in the ED group, and the fat infiltration in the left and right corpus cavernosa was inversely proportional to the erectile hardness of the penis. CONCLUSION This study suggests that mDIXON Quant can be used as a non-invasive, quantitative, and objective method for evaluating penile fat infiltration. This method could help diagnose penile fat infiltration in patients with erectile dysfunction and varying body mass indexes. Our results could also allow for a more accurate diagnosis and monitoring of erectile hardness function by quantitatively measuring penile fat infiltration. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE (1) The proton density fat fraction technology is a new tool for the objective, quantitative and non-invasive evaluation of penile fat infiltration. (2) The quantitative measurement of fat infiltration in the corpora cavernosa might help diagnose and monitor penile erection hardness and its function more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Ling Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of VIP Medical Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Quan Wen
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jun Xie
- Department of Operation Room, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Shan Shen
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Luo
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruo-Mi Guo
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Tsili AC, Argyropoulou MI, Dolciami M, Ercolani G, Catalano C, Manganaro L. When to ask for an MRI of the scrotum. Andrology 2021; 9:1395-1409. [PMID: 33964115 PMCID: PMC8596813 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) of the scrotum has been established as a useful second‐line diagnostic tool for the investigation of scrotal diseases. Recently, recommendations on clinical indications for scrotal MRI were issued by the Scrotal and Penile Imaging Working Group of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology. Objective To update current research on when to ask for an MRI of the scrotum. Methods PubMed database was searched for original articles and reviews published during 2010–2021. Results Eighty‐three articles fulfilled the search criteria. Scrotal MRI is mainly recommended after inconclusive US findings or inconsistent with the clinical examination and should be asked in the following cases: differentiation between intratesticular and paratesticular lesions (in rare cases of uncertain US findings), characterization of paratesticular and intratesticular lesions (when US findings are indeterminate), discrimination between germ cell and sex cord‐stromal testicular tumors, local staging of testicular malignancies (in patients planned for testis‐sparing surgery), differentiation between seminomas and non‐seminomatous tumors (when immediate chemotherapy is planned and orchiectomy is delayed), assessment of acute scrotum and scrotal trauma (rarely needed, in cases of non‐diagnostic US findings) and detection and localization of undescended testes (in cases of inconlusive US findings). Although preliminary data show promising results in the evaluation of male infertility, no established role for mpMRI still exists. Conclusion Multiparametric MRI of the scrotum, by assessing morphologic and functional data represents a valuable problem‐solving tool, helping to improve our understanding on the nature of scrotal pathology and the process of spermatogenesis. The technique may improve patient care and reduce the number of unnecessary surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina C Tsili
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Maria I Argyropoulou
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Miriam Dolciami
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Giada Ercolani
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Carlo Catalano
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Lucia Manganaro
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
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