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Ye H, Wang G, Wang X, Wang L, Ni W, Chen L, Zhu Y, Zhao L, Xiong Z, Wang Y, Dai C, Liu B. San-wei-tan-xiang capsule attenuates atherosclerosis by increasing lysosomal activity in adipose tissue macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 312:116444. [PMID: 37061068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dyslipidemia is the leading risk factor of atherosclerosis (AS). Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) can regulate postprandial cholesterol levels via uptake and hydrolyzation of lipids and regulation of macrophage cholesterol efflux (MCE). San-wei-tan-xiang (SWTX) capsule, a Traditional Chinese medicine, exerts clinical benefits in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This work is aimed to evaluate the chemical ingredients and mechanisms of SWTX in anti-AS. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical ingredients of SWTX identified by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry were used for network pharmacological analysis. The atheroprotective function of SWTX was evaluated in ApoE-/- mice fed a cholesterol-enriched diet. RESULTS The chemical ingredients identified in SWTX were predicated to be important for lipid metabolism and AS. Animals studies suggested that SWTX effectively attenuated the atherosclerotic plaque growth, elevated postprandial HDL cholesterol levels, elevated the proportion of Tim4 and CD36-expressed ATMs, and upregulated the uptake of lipid and lysosomal activity in ATMs. SWTX-induced elevation of postprandial HDL cholesterol levels was dependent on increased lysosomal activity, since chloroquine, an inhibitor of lysosomal function, blocked the effect of SWTX. Lastly, some predicated bioactive compounds in SWTX can elevate lysosomal activity in vitro. CONCLUSION SWTX could attenuate atherosclerotic plaque formation by elevating lysosomal activity and enhancing MCE in ATMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Ye
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Jinshan Road 2999, Xiamen, 361015, China; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Jinshan Road 2999, Xiamen, 361015, China
| | - Xuchao Wang
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Jinshan Road 2999, Xiamen, 361015, China; School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Jinshan Road 2999, Xiamen, 361015, China
| | - Wei Ni
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Jinshan Road 2999, Xiamen, 361015, China
| | - Linjian Chen
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Jinshan Road 2999, Xiamen, 361015, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Longshan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhili Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Jinshan Road 2999, Xiamen, 361015, China.
| | - Cuilian Dai
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Jinshan Road 2999, Xiamen, 361015, China.
| | - Binbin Liu
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Jinshan Road 2999, Xiamen, 361015, China.
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Diuzheva A, Locatelli M, Tartaglia A, Goga M, Ferrone V, Carlucci G, Andruch V. Application of liquid-phase microextraction to the analysis of plant and herbal samples. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2020; 31:687-699. [PMID: 32291862 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The analysis of plant and herbal samples is a challenging task for analytical chemists due to the complexity of the matrix combined with the low concentration of analytes. In recent years different liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) techniques coupled with a variety of analytical equipment have been developed for the determination of both organic and inorganic analytes. OBJECTIVE Over the past few years, the number of research papers in this field has shown a markedly growing tendency. Therefore, the purpose of this review paper is to summarise and critically evaluate research articles focused on the application of LPME techniques for the analysis of plant and herbal samples. RESULTS Due to the complex nature of the samples, the direct application of LPME techniques to the analysis of plants has not often been done. LPME techniques as well as their modalities have been commonly applied in combination with other pretreatment techniques, including a solid-liquid extraction technique supported by mechanical agitation or auxiliary energies for plant analysis. Applications and the most important parameters are summarised in the tables. CONCLUSION This review summarises the application of the LPME procedure and shows the major benefits of LPME, such as the low volume of solvents used, high enrichment factor, simplicity of operation and wide selection of applicable detection techniques. We can expect further development of microextraction analytical methods that focus on direct sample analysis with the application of green extraction solvents while fully automating procedures for the analysis of plant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Diuzheva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Angela Tartaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michal Goga
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Vincenzo Ferrone
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carlucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vasil Andruch
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
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Yu GW, Wang XJ, Wang P, Zhao YP, Nie J, Li ZG, Fang XG, Lee MR. Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Combined with Microwave Demulsification for Determination of FAME Residuals in Biodiesel Wastewater. J Chromatogr Sci 2020; 58:976-984. [PMID: 32893305 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Biodiesel consists of various fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) that are mainly produced through transesterification of plant oil or animal fat. It is essential for biodiesel to be purified utmostly to meet its product standard before being traded, while the universal purification method has been water washing. However, water washing inevitably causes the residual of FAMEs in wastewater, which represents a loss of industrial profits. For the purpose of determination and monitoring of the FAME profile in wastewater, there is a necessity to develop a fast and reliable approach with small volume of sample in need. Hence, in this study, a combination of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and microwave demulsification is applied for the enrichment of residual FAMEs in water, followed by qualitative and quantitative analyses using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results indicate that the optimal extractant in DLLME approach is toluene. And the optimal parameters are 20 mL of water sample, 80 μL of toluene as the extractant, 60 s of ultrasonic irradiation duration, 200 W of microwave power and 2 min of microwave irradiation duration. The standard curves and linear equations obtained with these conditions are used for the quantitative analysis of biodiesel wastewater, which reveals that there was 50.35 mg·L-1 of the total FAME residuals in wastewater. To the best of our knowledge, it is for the first time that the combined technique of DLLME and microwave demulsification is applied in determination of residual FAMEs in water samples. The proposed method corresponds to small volumes of sample and extractant and short analytical period. It also has the potential to be extended to the analysis of other water pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Wei Yu
- Institute of Citriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yushanping, 318026 Taizhou, PR China
| | - Xia-Jun Wang
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Rd., 310021 Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Hangzhou EXPEC Technology Development Co., Ltd, 2466 Keji Ave., 311300 Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi-Ping Zhao
- Hangzhou EXPEC Technology Development Co., Ltd, 2466 Keji Ave., 311300 Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jing Nie
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Rd., 310021 Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zu-Guang Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Rd., 310014 Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiu-Gui Fang
- Institute of Citriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yushanping, 318026 Taizhou, PR China
| | - Maw-Rong Lee
- College of Science, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., 40227 Taichung, Taiwan
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Sustainable Micro-Scale Extraction of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds from Vitis vinifera Leaves with Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133072. [PMID: 32640534 PMCID: PMC7412462 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes a new sustainable and simple strategy for the micro-scale extraction of phenolic compounds from grapevine leaves with analytical purpose. The method is based on a microwave-assisted solid-liquid extraction approach (MA-SLE), using an aqueous solution of an ionic liquid (IL)-based surfactant as extraction phase. The method does not require organic solvents, nor any clean-up step, apart from filtration prior to the injection in the analytical system. Two IL-based surfactants were evaluated, and the method was optimized by using experimental designs, resulting in the use of small amounts of sample (100 mg) and extraction phase (2.25 mL), low concentrations of the selected 1-hexadecyl-3-butyl imidazolium bromide IL (0.1 mM), and 30 min of extraction time. The proposed methodology was applied for the determination of the polyphenolic pattern of six different varieties of Vitis vinifera leaves from the Canary Islands, using high-performance liquid chromatography and photodiode array detection for the quantification of the compounds. The proposed MA-SLE approach was greener, simpler, and more effective than other methods, while the results from the analysis of the leaves samples demonstrate that these by-products can be exploited as a source of natural compounds for many applications.
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Yang B, Ying Y, Zou J, Ge S, Zuo L. Comprehensive characterization and quantification of multiple components in Dan-Huang-Qu-Yu capsule using a multivariate data processing approach based on microwave-assisted extraction with UHPLC and Q Exactive quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:2069-2079. [PMID: 30942527 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dan-Huang-Qu-Yu capsule, a Chinese herbal medicine compound preparation, is widely used for chronic pelvic inflammatory disease. In this study, a rapid, selective, and sensitive microwave-assisted extraction ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Q Exactive quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry method was developed for analyzing its chemical compositions. A total of 85 compounds, including 22 flavonoids, 8 terpenoids, 5 quinones, 5 phthaleolactone, 23 organic acids, and 22 other compounds were identified from Dan-Huang-Qu-Yu capsule. Among them, 35 major compounds were unambiguously detected by comparing them with reference standards and selected as quality control markers, which were simultaneously determined in Dan-Huang-Qu-Yu capsule. The established method was successfully validated and applied for simultaneous determination of 35 bioactive compounds in Dan-Huang-Qu-Yu capsule from ten sample batches. The quantitative data of the analytes were analyzed by principal component analysis for quality assessment of Dan-Huang-Qu-Yu capsule. Six compounds (e.g., astragaloside IV, salvianolic acid B, ellagic acid, chlorogenic acid, N-butylidenephthalide, and luteolin) were screened out and regarded as chemical markers for quality control of Dan-Huang-Qu-Yu capsule. The established method has been proved to be a novel and useful tool for rapid research of Dan-Huang-Qu-Yu capsule. This research will provide reference for the scientific research of traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yin Ying
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, the 117th Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Shuyu Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China
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Recent Advances in the Combination of Assisted Extraction Techniques. COMPREHENSIVE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Nie J, Teng YJ, Li ZG, Liu WH, Lee MR. Magnetic nanoparticles used in headspace extraction coupled with DSI-GC-IT/MS for analysis of VOCs in dry Traditional Chinese Medicine. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Moreda-Piñeiro J, Moreda-Piñeiro A. Recent advances in combining microextraction techniques for sample pre-treatment. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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