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Xu P, Wang M, Zhang T, Zhang J, Jin Z, Li L. The role of middle frontal gyrus in working memory retrieval by the effect of target detection tasks: a simultaneous EEG-fMRI study. Brain Struct Funct 2023:10.1007/s00429-023-02687-y. [PMID: 37477712 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Maintained working memory (WM) representations have been shown to influence visual target detection selection, while the effect of the visual target detection process on WM retrieval remains largely unknown. In the current research, we used the dual-paradigm of the visual target detection task and the delayed matching task (DMT), which contained the following four conditions: the match condition: the DMT target contained the detection target; the mismatch condition: the DMT target contained the detection distractor; the neutral condition: only the detection target was presented; the catch condition: only the DMT target was presented. Twenty-six subjects were recruited in the experiment with simultaneous EEG-fMRI data. Behaviorally, faster responses were found in the mismatch condition than in the match and neutral conditions. The EEG data found a greater parieto-occipital N1 component in the mismatch condition compared to the neutral condition, and a greater frontal N2 component in the match condition than in the mismatch condition. Moreover, compared to the match and neutral conditions, weaker activations of the bilateral middle frontal gyrus (MFG) were observed in the mismatch condition. And the representational similarity analysis (RSA) revealed significant differences in the representational patterns of the bilateral MFG between mismatch and match conditions, as well as in the representational patterns of the left MFG between mismatch and neutral conditions. Additionally, the left MFG may be the brain source of the N1 component in the mismatch condition. These findings suggest that the mismatch between the DMT target and detection target affects early attention allocation and attentional control in WM retrieval, and the MFG may play an important role in WM retrieval by the effect of the target detection task. In conclusion, our work deepens the understanding of the neural mechanisms by which visual target detection affects WM retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Min Wang
- Bioinformatics and BioMedical Bigdata Mining Laboratory, School of Big Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Junjun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Zhenlan Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Ling Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
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Wang M, Yang P, Zhang T, Li W, Zhang J, Jin Z, Li L. Working memory biases early object discrimination and parietal activity during attentional selection. Cortex 2022; 157:53-64. [PMID: 36272331 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The contents of working memory (WM) guide visual attention, but the neural mechanisms underlying WM biases remains unclear. Here, we used simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) approaches to characterize the timing and location of the neural response underlying WM guidance during a visual search task. Behaviorally, we observed faster search performance when the WM contents matching targets (valid) compared to when WM contents did not reappear (neutral). The EEG data showed similar benefit effects of posterior N1 component, in which targets induced larger N1 amplitudes in the valid condition than in the neutral condition. Interestingly, the fMRI activation in left supramarginal gyrus (SMG)/inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and bilateral occipital cortex was lower in the valid compared to neutral conditions. Importantly, the magnitude of the increased N1 activity and the decreased fMRI activity in the left SMG/IPL predicted the extent of search improvement at an individual subject level. These results suggest that information held in WM enhances early object discrimination during attentional selection, and the left SMG/IPL may be a critical region in mediating goal-directed processing under WM biases in human visual attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Bioinformatics and BioMedical Bigdata Mining Laboratory, School of Big Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Psychological and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Junjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenlan Jin
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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Abstract
When one searches for a specific target in a cluttered visual scene, a perceptually salient stimulus or a stimulus that matches working memory's contents is prioritized for attentional selection. In the present study, we aimed at clarifying under which circumstance stimulus-driven attention or memory-driven attention is more pronounced. We hypothesized that one crucial factor affecting stimulus-driven versus memory-driven attention is how a concurrent visual search task is performed. To address this issue, we employed two visual search tasks whose underlying mechanisms are known to be different: Landolt-C search and orientation feature search. One group of participants performed visual search tasks containing a memory-matching stimulus, and the other group conducted searches in the presence of a salient singleton distractor. The results showed that the effects of stimulus-driven and memory-driven attention differed, depending on the cognitive mechanisms underlying the visual search tasks. A memory-matching stimulus captured attention when participants performed the Landolt-C search, whereas this capture was diminished under feature search. In contrast, capture by the salient singleton distractor was found only under feature search. These results demonstrate that the nature of the underlying visual search tasks is an important factor for observing stimulus-driven versus memory-driven attention. Our results also provide a potential solution to resolve current debate regarding memory-driven attention in visual search.
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