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Moisan K, Kostenko O, Galeano M, Soler R, van der Ent S, Hiltpold I. The sky is not the limit: Successful foliar application of Steinernema spp. entomopathogenic nematodes to control Lepidopteran caterpillars. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 206:108163. [PMID: 38955262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are ubiquitous soil-thriving organisms that use chemical cues to seek and infect soil-dwelling arthropods, yielding various levels of biological control. Going beyond soil application, scientists and practitioners started exploring the option of applying EPNs onto the foliage of crops in attempts to manage leaf-dwelling insect pests as well. Despite some success, particularly with protective formulations, it remains uncertain whether EPNs could indeed survive the phyllospheric environment, and successfully control foliar insect pests. In this context, we tested the potential of commercially produced Steinernema feltiae and S. carpocapsae, two of the most commonly used EPNs in the field of biological control, in controlling Lepidopteran foliar pests of economic importance, i.e. Tuta absoluta and Spodoptera spp. caterpillars as models. We first tested the survival and efficacy of both EPN species against the Lepidopteran caterpillars when applied onto tomato, sweet pepper and lettuce leaves, under controlled conditions and in commercial greenhouse conditions, respectively. Subsequently, we explored the behavioural responses of the EPNs to environmental cues typically encountered in the phyllosphere, and analysed plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Our results show that both S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae successfully survived and infected the foliar caterpillars, reaching similar level of control to a standard chemical pesticide in commercial practices. Remarkably, both EPN species survived and remained effective up to four days in the phyllosphere, and needed only a few hours to successfully penetrate the caterpillars. Interestingly, S. feltiae was attracted to VOCs from tomato plants, and tended to prefer those from caterpillar-induced plants, suggesting that the nematodes may actively forage toward its host, although it has never been exposed to leaf-borne volatiles during its evolution. The present study shows the high potential of steinernematids in managing major foliar pests in greenhouses and in becoming a key player in foliar biological control. In particular, the discovery that EPNs use foliar VOCs to locate caterpillar hosts opens up new opportunities in terms of application techniques and affordable effective doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Moisan
- KOPPERT B.V. Agronomical Development AGD. Veilingweg 14, 2651 BE, Berkel en Rodenrijs, the Netherlands.
| | - Olga Kostenko
- KOPPERT B.V. Agronomical Development AGD. Veilingweg 14, 2651 BE, Berkel en Rodenrijs, the Netherlands
| | - Magda Galeano
- KOPPERT Spain, Research Center (R&D Dpt). 470 nb, Paraje Piedra Roda, 04738 Vícar (Almería), Spain
| | - Roxina Soler
- KOPPERT B.V. Agronomical Development AGD. Veilingweg 14, 2651 BE, Berkel en Rodenrijs, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd van der Ent
- KOPPERT B.V. Agronomical Development AGD. Veilingweg 14, 2651 BE, Berkel en Rodenrijs, the Netherlands
| | - Ivan Hiltpold
- Agroscope, Entomology and Nematology Group, Route de Duillier 60, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
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Krömmelbein C, Xie X, Seifert J, Konieczny R, Friebe S, Käs J, Riedel S, Mayr SG. Electron beam treated injectable agarose/alginate beads prepared by electrospraying. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:120024. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kotliarevski L, Cohen R, Ramakrishnan J, Wu S, Mani KA, Amar-Feldbaum R, Yaakov N, Zelinger E, Belausov E, Shapiro-Ilan D, Glazer I, Ment D, Mechrez G. Individual Coating of Entomopathogenic Nematodes with Titania (TiO 2) Nanoparticles Based on Oil-in-Water Pickering Emulsion: A New Formulation for Biopesticides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13518-13527. [PMID: 36226658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a new eco-friendly formulation of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) based on individual coating of EPNs with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) and mineral oil via oil-in-water Pickering emulsions. Mineral oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by amine-functionalized titanium dioxide (TiO2-NH2) particles were prepared. 40:60 and 50:50 oil-water volume ratios using 2 wt % TiO2-NH2 particles were found to be the most stable emulsions with a droplet size suitable for the formulation and were further studied for their toxicity against the incorporated EPNs. Carboxyfluorescein was covalently bonded to TiO2-NH2 NPs, and the resulting composite was observed via fluorescence confocal microscopy. The dry coating was evaluated using SEM and confocal microscopy, which showed significant nematode coverage by the particles and oil. The final formulation was biocompatible with the studied EPNs, where the viability of the EPNs in the formulation was equivalent to control aqueous suspension after 120 days. Finally, yields of nematodes from infected Galleria mellonella cadavers collected for 150 days showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) using the tested emulsions compared to the control containing nematodes in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya Kotliarevski
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon Letzion7505101, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Raz Cohen
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon Letzion7505101, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Jayashree Ramakrishnan
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot7610001, Israel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon Letzion7505101, Israel
| | - Shaohui Wu
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 120 Cedar St, Athens, Georgia30602, United States
| | - Karthik Ananth Mani
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon Letzion7505101, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Reut Amar-Feldbaum
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon Letzion7505101, Israel
| | - Noga Yaakov
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon Letzion7505101, Israel
| | - Einat Zelinger
- The Interdepartmental Equipment Unit, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon Letzion7505101, Israel
| | - David Shapiro-Ilan
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 21 Dunbar Rd., Byron, Georgia 31008, United States
| | - Itamar Glazer
- Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Entomology and Nematology, Gluska Zharia, 9, Bet-Dagan50250, Israel
| | - Dana Ment
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon Letzion7505101, Israel
| | - Guy Mechrez
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon Letzion7505101, Israel
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