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OUP accepted manuscript. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Fedorca A, Ciocirlan E, Pasca C, Fedorca M, Gridan A, Ionescu G. Genetic structure of Eurasian beaver in Romania: insights after two decades from the reintroduction. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-021-01546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOnce exploited for fur, meat, and extracting the yellowish exudate called castoreum, the Eurasian beaver disappeared from Romania during the eighteenth century. After, the reintroductions carried out two decades ago are currently thriving in the Danube River basin. Using nine nSSR markers, we analysed samples from 98 individuals, and we found no genetic substructure, suggesting high dispersal and gene flow capabilities. The stepwise mutation model (SMM) indicated the existence of a recent genetic bottleneck, though the Eurasian beaver retains high levels of genetic diversity and population growth facilitated variation in nSSR loci. A fine-scale spatial correlation in females was detected, contrasting with males’ dispersal on longer distances. While the movement and establishment of individuals’ new territories were made under natural predation pressure, the mix following natural expansion improved the fitness and could contribute to a higher genetic diversity than the source population. With any reintroduction, a focus on capturing individuals from various geographic origins, as well as securing many and suitable founding individuals (adults, subadults, and juveniles) with mixed origins, could secure the post-genetic bottleneck recovery and higher genetic diversity. Beyond this conservation success, future management strategies should consider building a National Action Plan (NAP) for the species, including a permanent genetic monitoring programme for Eurasian beaver.
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Rosell F, Kniha D, Haviar M. Dogs can scent-match individual Eurasian beavers from their anal gland secretion. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Rosell
- F. Rosell , D. Kniha M. Haviar, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, Dept of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, Univ. of South-Eastern Norway, NO-3800 Bø i Telemark, Norway
| | - David Kniha
- F. Rosell , D. Kniha M. Haviar, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, Dept of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, Univ. of South-Eastern Norway, NO-3800 Bø i Telemark, Norway
| | - Milan Haviar
- F. Rosell , D. Kniha M. Haviar, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, Dept of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, Univ. of South-Eastern Norway, NO-3800 Bø i Telemark, Norway
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Recolonizing lost habitat—how European beavers (Castor fiber) return to south-western Germany. MAMMAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-018-0360-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Syrůčková A, Saveljev AP, Frosch C, Durka W, Savelyev AA, Munclinger P. Genetic relationships within colonies suggest genetic monogamy in the Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber). MAMMAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-015-0219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Biedrzycka A, Konior M, Babik W, Świsłocka M, Ratkiewicz M. Admixture of two phylogeographic lineages of the Eurasian beaver in Poland. Mamm Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Senn H, Ogden R, Frosch C, Syrůčková A, Campbell-Palmer R, Munclinger P, Durka W, Kraus RHS, Saveljev AP, Nowak C, Stubbe A, Stubbe M, Michaux J, Lavrov V, Samiya R, Ulevicius A, Rosell F. Nuclear and mitochondrial genetic structure in the Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) - implications for future reintroductions. Evol Appl 2014; 7:645-62. [PMID: 25067948 PMCID: PMC4105916 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many reintroduction projects for conservation fail, and there are a large number of factors that may contribute to failure. Genetic analysis can be used to help stack the odds of a reintroduction in favour of success, by conducting assessment of source populations to evaluate the possibility of inbreeding and outbreeding depression and by conducting postrelease monitoring. In this study, we use a panel of 306 SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) markers and 487-489 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA control region sequence data to examine 321 individuals from possible source populations of the Eurasian beaver for a reintroduction to Scotland. We use this information to reassess the phylogenetic history of the Eurasian beavers, to examine the genetic legacy of past reintroductions on the Eurasian landmass and to assess the future power of the genetic markers to conduct ongoing monitoring via parentage analysis and individual identification. We demonstrate the capacity of medium density genetic data (hundreds of SNPs) to provide information suitable for applied conservation and discuss the difficulty of balancing the need for high genetic diversity against phylogenetic best fit when choosing source population(s) for reintroduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Senn
- WildGenes Laboratory, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rob Ogden
- WildGenes Laboratory, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christiane Frosch
- Conservation Genetics Group, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt Gelnhausen, Germany
| | - Alena Syrůčková
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Pavel Munclinger
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Walter Durka
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ Halle, Germany
| | - Robert H S Kraus
- Conservation Genetics Group, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt Gelnhausen, Germany
| | - Alexander P Saveljev
- Russian Research Institute of Game Management and Fur Farming, Russian Academy of Sciences Kirov, Russia
| | - Carsten Nowak
- Conservation Genetics Group, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt Gelnhausen, Germany
| | - Annegret Stubbe
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Institut für Biologie Bereich Zoologie/Molekulare Ökologie Hoher Weg 4 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Michael Stubbe
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Institut für Biologie Domplatz 4 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Johan Michaux
- Conservation Genetics Unit, Institute of Botany (Bat. 22), University of Liège (Sart Tilman) Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Ravchig Samiya
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology and Biotechnology, National University of Mongolia Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Alius Ulevicius
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Frank Rosell
- Telemark University College, Department of Environmental Sciences Telemark, Norway
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Frosch C, Kraus RHS, Angst C, Allgöwer R, Michaux J, Teubner J, Nowak C. The genetic legacy of multiple beaver reintroductions in Central Europe. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97619. [PMID: 24827835 PMCID: PMC4020922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The comeback of the Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) throughout western and central Europe is considered a major conservation success. Traditionally, several subspecies are recognised by morphology and mitochondrial haplotype, each linked to a relict population. During various reintroduction programs in the 20th century, beavers from multiple source localities were released and now form viable populations. These programs differed in their reintroduction strategies, i.e., using pure subspecies vs. mixed source populations. This inhomogeneity in management actions generated ongoing debates regarding the origin of present beaver populations and appropriate management plans for the future. By sequencing of the mitochondrial control region and microsatellite genotyping of 235 beaver individuals from five selected regions in Germany, Switzerland, Luxembourg, and Belgium we show that beavers from at least four source origins currently form admixed, genetically diverse populations that spread across the study region. While regional occurrences of invasive North American beavers (n = 20) were found, all but one C. fiber bore the mitochondrial haplotype of the autochthonous western Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU). Considering this, as well as the viability of admixed populations and the fact that the fusion of different lineages is already progressing in all studied regions, we argue that admixture between different beaver source populations should be generally accepted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Frosch
- Conservation Genetics Group, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Gelnhausen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Robert H. S. Kraus
- Conservation Genetics Group, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Gelnhausen, Germany
| | - Christof Angst
- Centre Suisse de Cartographie de la Faune (CSCF), Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Johan Michaux
- Unité de Recherches Zoogéographiques, Institut de Zoologie, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jana Teubner
- Naturschutzstation Zippelsförde, Zippelsförde, Germany
| | - Carsten Nowak
- Conservation Genetics Group, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Gelnhausen, Germany
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Senn H, Ogden R, Cezard T, Gharbi K, Iqbal Z, Johnson E, Kamps-Hughes N, Rosell F, McEwing R. Reference-free SNP discovery for the Eurasian beaver from restriction site-associated DNA paired-end data. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:3141-50. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Senn
- WildGenes Laboratory; Royal Zoological Society of Scotland; Edinburgh, EH12 6TS UK
| | - Rob Ogden
- WildGenes Laboratory; Royal Zoological Society of Scotland; Edinburgh, EH12 6TS UK
| | - Timothee Cezard
- The GenePool; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh, EH9 3JT UK
| | - Karim Gharbi
- The GenePool; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh, EH9 3JT UK
| | - Zamin Iqbal
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics; University of Oxford, OX3 7BN; Oxford UK
| | - Eric Johnson
- The Institute of Molecular Biology; 297 Klamath Hall, 1229 University of Oregon; Eugene OR 97403-1229 USA
| | - Nick Kamps-Hughes
- The Institute of Molecular Biology; 297 Klamath Hall, 1229 University of Oregon; Eugene OR 97403-1229 USA
| | - Frank Rosell
- Department of Environmental and Health Studies; Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Telemark University College; 3800 Bø i Telemark Norway
| | - Ross McEwing
- WildGenes Laboratory; Royal Zoological Society of Scotland; Edinburgh, EH12 6TS UK
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