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Clauss M, Tschuor A, Codron D, Hummel J. Reticular contraction frequency and ruminal gas dome development in goats do not differ between grass and browse diets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 106:1208-1215. [PMID: 34791696 PMCID: PMC9788097 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In investigations of differences between ruminant species feeding on browse or grass, it is often unclear whether observed differences are animal- or forage-specific. Ruminant species have been classified as 'moose-type', with little rumen content stratification, or 'cattle-type' with a distinct rumen contents stratification, including a gas layer. To which extent putative differences in forestomach motility are involved in these patterns is unknown. Using sonography, we investigated the frequency of reticular contractions and the stratification of rumen contents in goats fed exclusively on grass hay (n = 6) or dried browse (n = 5) directly after feeding, and after another 6 and 12 h with no access to feed. The frequency of reticular contractions decreased from immediately after feeding (1.8 ± 0.3 min-1 ) to 6 h afterwards (1.2 ± 0.2 min-1 ) and then remained constant, with no difference between diets. A gas dome became more visible over time, but neither its incidence nor its extent differed between diets. The results are in accord with classifying goats as 'cattle-type' in terms of their digestive physiology, and they add to a growing body of evidence that differences in digestive physiology between ruminant species are more due to species characteristics than different kinds of ingested forages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and WildlifeVetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Andreas Tschuor
- Clinic for RuminantsVetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland,Present address:
Buhnstrasse 3Zürich8052Switzerland
| | - Daryl Codron
- Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
| | - Jürgen Hummel
- Department of Animal SciencesUniversity GoettingenGöttingenGermany
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Przybyło M, Flaga J, Clauss M, Szczepanik K, Miltko R, Bełżecki G, Kowalski ZM, Górka P. Increased intake of mono- and disaccharides by Reeves's muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi). Effect on gastrointestinal tract structure and function and blood parameters. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 106:922-938. [PMID: 35587535 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an increased mono- and disaccharide (MD) intake on selected functions and structure of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and selected blood parameters in Reeves's muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi), a small browsing ruminant. Eighteen male muntjacs were fed diets consisting of lucerne (ad libitum), a high fibre pellet (100 g/day) and wheat bran (30 g/day) without (MD0) or with addition of 10 or 20 g of glucose, fructose and sucrose mixture/day (MD10 and MD20, respectively) for 14 days. MD dosages were set to increase intake of these saccharides by 25% and 50% relative to MD0, which resulted in a range of water-soluble carbohydrate content in the consumed dry matter from 7% to 12%. Compared to MD0 animals, MD20 animals had a lower dry matter intake, a higher MD concentrations in the reticulorumen (RR), abomasal and small intestinal digesta, higher ruminal butyrate concentration, higher SGLT1 expression in the epithelium of proximal jejunum, higher plasma glucose, lower RR tissue weight but greater caecal tissue weight (p ≤ 0.05), and had or tended to have shorter papillae and lower mucosa surface area in the Atrium ruminis (by 44%; p = 0.02 and p = 0.10, respectively); MD10 animals tended to have higher MD concentrations in the abomasal and small intestinal digesta (p ≤ 0.10), and a higher amylolytic activity (p = 0.02) as well as a tendency to lower xylanolytic activity in the RR digesta (p = 0.06). MD supplementation did not affect ruminal pH. In conclusion, low to moderate increase of MD intake increased MD concentrations in the RR, abomasal and intestinal digesta, and SGLT1 expression in intestinal epithelium, suggesting incomplete fermentation of those saccharides in the RR. MD supplementation dose-dependently affects structure of GIT in Reeves's muntjac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Przybyło
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Flaga
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcus Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kinga Szczepanik
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Renata Miltko
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bełżecki
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Zygmunt M Kowalski
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Górka
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
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Ricci S, Sandfort R, Pinior B, Mann E, Wetzels SU, Stalder G. Impact of supplemental winter feeding on ruminal microbiota of roe deer Capreolus capreolus. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ricci
- S. Ricci and G. Stalder ✉ , Res. Inst. of Wildlife Ecology, Dept of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Univ. of Veterinary Medicine, Austria, Savoyenstraße 1, AU-1160 Vienna, Austria. SR also at: Univ. of Camerino, Ca
| | - Robin Sandfort
- R. Sandfort, Inst. of Wildlife Biology and Game Management, Univ. of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beate Pinior
- B. Pinior, Inst. for Veterinary Public Health, Dept for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Univ. of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Evelyne Mann
- E. Mann and S. U. Wetzels, Inst. of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Dept for Farm Animal and Public Health in Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie U. Wetzels
- E. Mann and S. U. Wetzels, Inst. of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Dept for Farm Animal and Public Health in Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabrielle Stalder
- S. Ricci and G. Stalder ✉ , Res. Inst. of Wildlife Ecology, Dept of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Univ. of Veterinary Medicine, Austria, Savoyenstraße 1, AU-1160 Vienna, Austria. SR also at: Univ. of Camerino, Ca
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Fležar U, Costa B, Bordjan D, Jerina K, Krofel M. Free food for everyone: artificial feeding of brown bears provides food for many non-target species. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-018-1237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tahas SA, Hetzel U, Altenbrunner-Martinek B, Martin Jurado O, Hammer S, Arif A, Hatt JM, Clauss M. Microanatomy of the digestive tract, hooves and some visceral organs of addax antelope (Addax nasomaculatus) following a concentrate or forage feeding regime. Anat Histol Embryol 2018. [PMID: 29520834 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Subacute ruminal acidosis is a common disease in captive non-domesticated ruminants and is mainly diagnosed by rumen fluid pH and rumen histology. Furthermore, differences in ruminant gastrointestinal histology have been hypothesized to correlate with the browser-grazer continuum. Twelve surplus addax antelope (Addax nasomaculatus) were divided into two groups, fed either their usual diet, consisting of a concentrate feed with a limited amount of hay, or a diet of unlimited hay only, for 3 months. After culling, descriptive and morphometric histology and pH measurements were compared between groups. Significant variations in cellular subpopulations were noted between groups, with roughage-fed individuals presenting primarily with balloon cells of the Stratum corneum and living layer cell vacuolization, whereas parakeratosis and intermediate-type cells were more frequent in the concentrate-fed group. Lesions typical of subacute ruminal acidosis were significantly more pronounced in concentrate-fed individuals. Ruminal pH measurements did not differ significantly, but were more consistent in forage-fed individuals, indicating a more stable reticuloruminal environment. The results indicate that ruminal histology may be more appropriate in assessing ruminal health compared to a single post-mortem pH measurement. It is proposed that Stratum corneum balloon cells may indicate cell maturation and not, as previously assumed, hyperfunction. Concentrate-fed individuals scored higher on the presence of inflammatory cells on hoof corium histology. The study further emphasizes the adaptability of ruminant digestive tract microanatomy in adult animals even after a short period of time and the positive effects an increased roughage diet may have in populations of captive grazing ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Tahas
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - U Hetzel
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - O Martin Jurado
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Hammer
- Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation, Doha, Qatar
| | - A Arif
- Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation, Doha, Qatar
| | - J-M Hatt
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Ossi F, Gaillard JM, Hebblewhite M, Morellet N, Ranc N, Sandfort R, Kroeschel M, Kjellander P, Mysterud A, Linnell JDC, Heurich M, Soennichsen L, Sustr P, Berger A, Rocca M, Urbano F, Cagnacci F. Plastic response by a small cervid to supplemental feeding in winter across a wide environmental gradient. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ossi
- Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology Department; IASMA Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach; Via Mach 1 38010 San Michele all'Adige Trentino Italy
- UMR CNRS 5558 “Biometrie et Biologie Evolutive”; Université Claude Bernard Lyon1; Bat G. Mendel 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex France
| | - Jean-Michel Gaillard
- UMR CNRS 5558 “Biometrie et Biologie Evolutive”; Université Claude Bernard Lyon1; Bat G. Mendel 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex France
| | - Mark Hebblewhite
- Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology Department; IASMA Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach; Via Mach 1 38010 San Michele all'Adige Trentino Italy
- Wildlife Biology Program; Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences; University of Montana; Missoula Montana 59812 USA
| | - Nicolas Morellet
- UR35 Comportement et Écologie de la Faune Sauvage; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA); B.P. 52627 F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - Nathan Ranc
- Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology Department; IASMA Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach; Via Mach 1 38010 San Michele all'Adige Trentino Italy
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; 26 Oxford Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
| | - Robin Sandfort
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research; Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game Management; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna; Gregor-Mendel Straße 33 A-1180 Vienna Austria
| | - Max Kroeschel
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Wildlife Management; University of Freiburg; Fahnenbergplatz 79085 Freiburg Germany
- Forest Research Institute of Baden-Wuerttemberg; Wonnhaldestraße 4 79100 Freiburg Germany
| | - Petter Kjellander
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station; Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Science (SLU); SE-73091 Riddarhyttan Sweden
| | - Atle Mysterud
- Department of Bioscience; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis; University of Oslo; P.O. Box 1066, Blindern NO-0316 Oslo Norway
| | - John D. C. Linnell
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA); P.O. Box 5685, Sluppen NO-7485 Trondheim Norway
| | - Marco Heurich
- Department of Conservation and Research; Bavarian Forest National Park; Freyunger Straße 2 94481 Grafenau Germany
- Chair of Wildlife Biology Ecology and Wildlife Management; University of Freiburg; Fahnenbergplatz 79085 Freiburg Germany
| | - Leif Soennichsen
- Mammal Research Institute; Waszkiewicza 1 17-230 Bialowieza Poland
| | - Pavel Sustr
- Department of Biodiversity Research; Global Change Research Centre; Belidla 986/4a Brno 60300 Czech Republic
| | - Anne Berger
- Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW); Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17 10315 Berlin Germany
| | - Michele Rocca
- Trentino Hunting Association; Via Guardini 41 38121 Trento Italy
| | | | - Francesca Cagnacci
- Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology Department; IASMA Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach; Via Mach 1 38010 San Michele all'Adige Trentino Italy
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; 26 Oxford Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
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Sauer C, Clauss M, Bertelsen MF, Weisbjerg MR, Lund P. Rumen content stratification in the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 203:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Clauss M, Fritz J, Tschuor A, Braun U, Hummel J, Codron D. Dry matter and digesta particle size gradients along the goat digestive tract on grass and browse diets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:61-69. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Clauss
- Vetsuisse Faculty; Clinic for Zoo Animals; Exotic Pets and Wildlife; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - J. Fritz
- Vetsuisse Faculty; Clinic for Zoo Animals; Exotic Pets and Wildlife; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - A. Tschuor
- Vetsuisse Faculty; Department of Farm Animals; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - U. Braun
- Vetsuisse Faculty; Department of Farm Animals; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - J. Hummel
- Department of Animal Sciences; Ruminant Nutrition; University of Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - D. Codron
- Florisbad Quaternary Research; National Museum; Bloemfontein South Africa
- Centre for Environmental Management; University of the Free State; Bloemfontein South Africa
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Gattiker C, Espie I, Kotze A, Lane EP, Codron D, Clauss M. Diet and diet-related disorders in captive ruminants at the national zoological gardens of South Africa. Zoo Biol 2014; 33:426-32. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gattiker
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Ian Espie
- National Zoological Gardens of South Africa; Pretoria South Africa
| | - Antoinette Kotze
- National Zoological Gardens of South Africa; Pretoria South Africa
- Genetics Department; University of the Free State; Bloemfontein South Africa
| | - Emily P. Lane
- National Zoological Gardens of South Africa; Pretoria South Africa
| | - Daryl Codron
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Florisbad Quaternary Research; National Museum; Bloemfontein South Africa
| | - Marcus Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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