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Schauer I, Banner A, Madersbacher S, Anegg O. Knowledge on the male reproductive tract and testicular cancer among adolescents in Austria. Andrology 2024; 12:109-114. [PMID: 37147893 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Testicular cancer is the most frequent malignant tumour among young adults. Therefore, regular self-examination for early detection is recommended by all guidelines. The fact that the knowledge of young adults living in Austria on this important topic is unknown, prompted the current investigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS To evaluate the knowledge on anatomy and function of the male reproductive tract and of testicular cancer in particular a German questionnaire recently developed by Anheuser et al. (Urologe 2019;58:1331-1337) was applied. This 4-page questionnaire contains mainly multiple-choice questions. This questionnaire was distributed in three different schools to male and female students in the 11th and 12th school level. RESULTS A total of 337 students (mean age: 17.3 years; male: n = 183; female: n = 154) completed the questionnaire. In a simple pictogramm, 63% were able to correctly identify the prostate, 87% the testis and 64% the epididymis. Half of the students (49.3%) could describe the function of the testis. The question regarding the age peak of testicular cancer was correctly answered by 81%, yet 18% believed that testicular cancer is caused by the sexual contact. The purpose of the testicular self-examination was correctly answered by only 54.9% with a higher rate for women (67.5% vs. 44.3%, p = 0.001). With a theoretical maximal score of 15, the students reached a mean overall of 10.4 with no sex difference (p > 0.05). Differences were noted for the school type: the highest score was present in the Gymnasium (11.2), followed by the Realgymnasium (10.8) and the HTL (9.8; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This survey demonstrates relevant knowledge deficits of young adults regarding the male reproductive tract, testicular cancer and self-examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Schauer
- Department of Urology, Klinik Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Banner
- Department of Urology, Klinik Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Madersbacher
- Department of Urology, Klinik Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Urology, Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Anegg
- Department of Urology, Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria
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Karlsson O, Hagberg O, Nielsen K, Paoli J, Ingvar Å. Difference in Sun Exposure Habits Between Individuals with High and Low Risk of Skin Cancer. Dermatol Pract Concept 2021; 11:e2021090. [PMID: 34631260 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1104a90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skin cancer incidence is rapidly increasing. The main risk factor, sun exposure, can be modified. Informational campaigns can be effective in raising skin cancer awareness and target the high-risk population. Still, sun exposure habits in people at high risk of skin cancer are not well-known. Objective To investigate if and how sun exposure habits differ between low-risk and high-risk individuals. Methods During the Swedish Euromelanoma campaign of 2018, questionnaires were collected containing information regarding sun exposure habits and risk factors for skin cancer. Data on 4,141 participants was used to investigate the association between risk factors and sun exposure habits. Results A fair skin type and a previous history of skin cancer were significantly associated with enhanced sun protective behavior. Family history of skin cancer, childhood sunburns and the presence of large/atypical nevi had no effect on sun exposure habits. Going on sunny holidays were particularly unaffected by being at high risk of skin cancer. Conclusion Individuals at high risk of developing skin cancer showed suboptimal sun exposure habits and harmful traveling behaviors. We suggest that future skin cancer campaigns inform on accurate sun protection behavior during sunny holidays and associated risk factors. Risk factors such as childhood sunburns, numerous common and large/atypical nevi, as well as family history of skin cancer seem to be less recognized by the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Karlsson
- Department of Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hagberg
- Institution of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kari Nielsen
- Department of Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Division of Dermatology, Lund University, Sweden
| | - John Paoli
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa Ingvar
- Department of Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Division of Dermatology, Lund University, Sweden
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Walji LT, Murchie P, Lip G, Speirs V, Iversen L. Exploring the influence of rural residence on uptake of organized cancer screening - A systematic review of international literature. Cancer Epidemiol 2021; 74:101995. [PMID: 34416545 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.101995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lower screening uptake could impact cancer survival in rural areas. This systematic review sought studies comparing rural/urban uptake of colorectal, cervical and breast cancer screening in high income countries. Relevant studies (n = 50) were identified systematically by searching Medline, EMBASE and CINAHL. Narrative synthesis found that screening uptake for all three cancers was generally lower in rural areas. In meta-analysis, colorectal cancer screening uptake (OR 0.66, 95 % CI = 0.50-0.87, I2 = 85 %) was significantly lower for rural dwellers than their urban counterparts. The meta-analysis found no relationship between uptake of breast cancer screening and rural versus urban residency (OR 0.93, 95 % CI = 0.80-1.09, I2 = 86 %). However, it is important to note the limitation of the significant statistical heterogeneity found which demonstrates the lack of consistency between the few studies eligible for inclusion in the meta-analyses. Cancer screening uptake is apparently lower for rural dwellers which may contribute to poorer survival. National screening programmes should consider geography in planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren T Walji
- Academic Primary Care, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Peter Murchie
- Academic Primary Care, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Gerald Lip
- North East Scotland Breast Screening Programme, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Valerie Speirs
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lisa Iversen
- Academic Primary Care, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
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So WKW, Choi KC, Tang WPY, Lee PCW, Shiu ATY, Ho SSM, Chan HYL, Lam WWT, Goggins WB, Chan CWH. Uptake of prostate cancer screening and associated factors among Chinese men aged 50 or more: a population-based survey. Cancer Biol Med 2014; 11:56-63. [PMID: 24738039 PMCID: PMC3969801 DOI: 10.7497/j.issn.2095-3941.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the uptake rate of prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing among Hong Kong Chinese males aged 50 or above, and identify factors associated with the likelihood of undergoing a PSA test. Methods A population-based telephone survey was conducted in Hong Kong in 2007. The survey covered demographic information, perceived health status, use of complementary therapy, cancer screening behavior, perceived susceptibility to cancer and family history of cancer. Descriptive statistics, percentages and logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results A total of 1,002 men aged 50 or above took part in the study (response rate =67%), and the uptake rate of PSA testing was found to be 10%. Employment status, use of complementary therapy, perceiving regular visits to a doctor as good for health and the recommendations of health professionals were significant factors associated with PSA testing. Conclusion The uptake rate of PSA testing in the study population was very low. Among all the factors identified, recommendations from health professionals had the strongest association with the uptake of PSA testing, and they should therefore take an active role in educating this population about cancer prevention and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie K W So
- 1 The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Department of Community Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 3 The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai Chow Choi
- 1 The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Department of Community Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 3 The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Winnie P Y Tang
- 1 The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Department of Community Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 3 The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul C W Lee
- 1 The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Department of Community Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 3 The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ann T Y Shiu
- 1 The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Department of Community Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 3 The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Simone S M Ho
- 1 The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Department of Community Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 3 The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Helen Y L Chan
- 1 The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Department of Community Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 3 The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wendy W T Lam
- 1 The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Department of Community Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 3 The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - William B Goggins
- 1 The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Department of Community Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 3 The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Carmen W H Chan
- 1 The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Department of Community Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 3 The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Rat C, Quereux G, Riviere C, Clouet S, Senand R, Volteau C, Dreno B, Nguyen JM. Targeted melanoma prevention intervention: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Ann Fam Med 2014; 12:21-8. [PMID: 24445100 PMCID: PMC3896535 DOI: 10.1370/afm.1600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeted interventions to reduce the risk and increase the early detection of melanoma have the potential to save lives. We aimed to assess the effect of such an intervention on patient prevention behavior. METHODS We conducted a pilot clustered randomized controlled trial, comparing a targeted screening and education intervention with a conventional information-based campaign in 20 private surgeries in western France. In the intervention group, 10 general practitioners identified patients at elevated risk for melanoma with a validated assessment tool, the Self-Assessment Melanoma Risk Score (SAMScore), examined their skin, and counseled them using information leaflets. In the control group, 10 general practitioners displayed a poster and the leaflets in their waiting room and examined patients' skin at their own discretion. The main outcome measures were sunbathing and skin self-examinations among patients at elevated risk, assessed 5 months later with a questionnaire. RESULTS Analyses were based on 173 patients. Compared with control patients, intervention patients were more likely to remember the campaign (81.4% vs 50.0%, P = .0001) and to correctly identify their elevated risk of melanoma (71.1% vs 42.1%, P = .001). Furthermore, intervention patients had higher levels of prevention behaviors: they were less likely to sunbathe in the summer (24.7% vs 40.8%, P = .048) and more likely to have performed skin self-examinations in the past year (52.6% vs 36.8%, P = .029). The intervention was not associated with any clear adverse effects, although there were trends whereby intervention patients were more likely to worry about melanoma and to consult their general practitioner again about the disease. CONCLUSIONS The combination of use of the SAMScore and general practitioner examination and counseling during consultations is an efficient way to promote patient behaviors that may reduce melanoma risk. Extending the duration of follow-up and demonstrating an impact on morbidity and mortality remain major issues for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Rat
- Department of General Practice, Faculty of Medicine of Nantes, France
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Laing KA, Bramwell SP, McNeill A, Corr BD, Lam TBL. Prostate cancer in Scotland: does geography matter? An analysis of incidence, disease characteristics and survival between urban and rural areas. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL UROLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/2051415813512303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this article is to identify whether there is a difference in survival from prostate cancer in urban and rural areas of Scotland and to identify potential inequalities in incidence, disease characteristics and the treatment of prostate cancer between these areas. Subjects/patients and methods: A retrospective cohort study was undertaken. Retrospective analysis of data from Information Services Division and regional cancer databases from 2005 to 2010 was performed. A comparison of NHS Highland & Western Isles as the rural group with NHS Lothian as the urban group was made. Data were collected on patient and disease characteristics, first treatment and mortality. Non-parametric continuous data were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical data were assessed using a two-tailed Z test. The p value for statistical significance was set at < 0.05. Results: The incidence of prostate cancer was higher in rural areas. Rural patients were older at diagnosis ( p < 0.0001), presented with higher risk disease ( p < 0.0001) and underwent less curative treatment ( p < 0.0001). There was potentially poorer survival in rural areas. Conclusions: Men living in rural areas of Scotland present with more aggressive prostate cancer and may have poorer survival. This could be due to high levels of PSA testing in urban areas, therefore further studies are needed to identify patterns of PSA testing in Scotland. These inequalities will be highlighted to the Scottish Government to inform the ‘Detect Cancer Early’ campaign for its second phase in 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alan McNeill
- Urology Department, Western General Hospital, UK
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Kautzky-Willer A. Editorial: Sex- and gender-based medicine: a challenging field of research. Wien Med Wochenschr 2011; 161:105-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10354-011-0894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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