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Erdinest N, London N, Landau D, Barbara R, Barbara A, Naroo SA. Higher order aberrations in keratoconus. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:172. [PMID: 38594548 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-03118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Keratoconus is a progressive disorder of the cornea that causes thinning (Sedaghat et al. in Sci Rep 11(1):11971, 2021), ectasia, and irregular astigmatism, resulting in poor visual acuity that cannot be corrected with standard sphero-cylindrical spectacle lenses. One feature distinguishing keratoconic corneas is ocular aberrations, manifesting up to five or six times the amount of higher-order aberrations than a normal, healthy eye. These aberrations can cause visual disturbances even at the very early stages of the disease. METHODS In the past, a diagnosis was derived from clinical symptoms, but technological advances have revealed multiple pre-clinical features, allowing for the differentiation between keratoconic and normal eyes at a much earlier stage. These include anterior and posterior corneal surface elevations, the corneal pachymetry profile, corneal epithelial patterns, wavefront aberration metrics, and corneal biomechanics (Sedaghat et al. in Sci Rep 11(1):11971, 2021).This review discusses the aberrations associated with keratoconus, how to measure them, and treatment methods to minimize their negative influence. CONCLUSIONS Early diagnosis can lead to early treatment and may allow for arresting progression, thereby improving the long-term prognosis. With the acceleration of refractive surgery, it is important to identify patients with keratoconus, as they are usually contraindicated for refractive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Erdinest
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - David Landau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ramez Barbara
- Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Adel Barbara
- IVISION Cornea and Refractive Surgery Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shehzad A Naroo
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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Chay IW, Lin ST, Lim EWL, Heng WJ, Bin Ismail MA, Tan MCL, Zhao PSB, Nah GKM, Ang BCH. Higher order aberrations and visual function in a young Asian population of high myopes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14901. [PMID: 37151700 PMCID: PMC10161382 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine the associations between higher order aberrations (HOAs), visual performance, demographics, and ocular characteristics in a young Asian population with high myopia. Methods This was a retrospective review of military pre-enlistees conducted between March 2014 to September 2018. Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were tested under photopic, mesopic and simulated night conditions. Ocular, corneal and internal HOAs were measured with a Hartmann-Shack wavefront aberrometer (KR-1W, Topcon Co., Tokyo, Japan). Results 522 eyes of 263 consecutive subjects with severe high myopia (defined as spherical equivalent refraction [SER] ≤ -10.00D) in at least one eye, and high myopia (SER ≤ -6.00D) in the fellow eye, [mean (SD) SER -11.85 (2.03D)] were analysed. The mean (SD) age of subjects was 18.5 (1.6) years. Chinese eyes had significantly greater internal total HOA root-mean-square (RMS) compared to Malay eyes [mean difference (SD) 0.0246 (0.007) μm, p < 0.001). More negative SER was associated with greater ocular total HOA (p = 0.038), primary coma (p = 0.003) and tetrafoil (p = 0.025) RMS, as well as more positive ocular (p = 0.003) and internal primary spherical aberration (p = 0.009). Greater ocular total HOAs was associated with reduced visual acuity in simulated night conditions and low contrast, decreased contrast sensitivity under mesopic and simulated night conditions (all p < 0.05). Conclusions Greater HOAs were associated with Chinese ethnicity and more negative SER in a young Asian population with high myopia. Greater HOAs were associated with poorer visual performance in low luminance and reduced contrast conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac W. Chay
- Vision Performance Centre, Military Medicine Institute, Singapore Armed Forces Medical Corps, Singapore
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sheng Tong Lin
- DSO National Laboratories, Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Edmund WL. Lim
- Vision Performance Centre, Military Medicine Institute, Singapore Armed Forces Medical Corps, Singapore
| | - Wee Jin Heng
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | - Paul SB. Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Gerard KM. Nah
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health System, Singapore
- W Eye Clinic, Singapore
| | - Bryan CH. Ang
- Vision Performance Centre, Military Medicine Institute, Singapore Armed Forces Medical Corps, Singapore
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Woodlands Health Campus, Singapore
- Corresponding author. 11 Jln Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433.
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Theoretical Effect of Coma and Spherical Aberrations Translation on Refractive Error and Higher Order Aberrations. PHOTONICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics7040116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The purpose of the study is to present a simple theoretical account of the effect of translation of coma and spherical aberrations (SA) on refractive error and higher order aberrations. (2) Methods: A computer software algorithm was implemented based on previously published methods. The effect of translation (0 to +1 mm) was analyzed for SA (0 to +2 µm) and coma (0 to +2 µm) for a circular pupil of 6 mm, without any rotation or scaling effect. The relationship amongst Zernike representations of various aberrations was analyzed under the influence of translation. (3) Results: The translation of +0.40 µm of SA (C[4,0]) by +0.25 mm with a pupil diameter of 6mm resulted in induction of tilt (C[1,1]), −0.03D defocus (C[2,0]), +0.03D astigmatism (C[2,2]) and +0.21 µm coma (C[3,1]). The translation of +0.4 µm of coma (C[3,1]) by +0.25 mm with a pupil diameter of 6 mm resulted in induction of tilt (C[1,1]), −0.13D defocus (C[2,0]) and +0.13D astigmatism (C[2,2]). A theoretical quantitative relationship between SA, coma, astigmatism and defocus is presented under the influence of translation. (4) Conclusion: The results can act as a guide for the clinician, in order to readily assess theoretical impact of wavefront map translation from pupil center to the visual axis. The resultant refractive coupling has to be taken into consideration especially when treating eyes with an abnormal corneal shape and/or large pupil center to corneal vertex chord.
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Liang YL, Jia SB. Clinical application of accommodating intraocular lens. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:1028-1037. [PMID: 29977819 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.06.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review describes recent advances in application of accommodating intraocular lenses (AIOLs). Standard monofocal intraocular lenses (MIOLs) only correct distance vision, while AIOLs are designed to allow both good distance vision and near vision, which is achieved through the contraction and relaxation of ciliary muscles by providing transformation of the axial movement or curvature of the lens. Thus, AIOLs may be a better choice for those patients who demand a higher level of visual performance. Since techniques to analyze the performance of AIOLs have not been standardized, and there is a variety of both subjective and objective methods, it is hard to measure the performance of these intraocular lenses. By evaluating advantages and disadvantages of various AIOLs, and introducing techniques for measurement the performance postoperative, this paper can provide some relative information on choosing the type of AIOLs in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Ling Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Song-Bai Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
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Zhao PF, Li SM, Lu J, Song HM, Zhang J, Zhou YH, Wang NL. Effects of higher-order aberrations on contrast sensitivity in normal eyes of a large myopic population. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:1407-1411. [PMID: 28944201 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.09.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the relation between higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and contrast sensitivity (CS) in normal eyes among a population of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) candidates. METHODS In 6629 eyes of 3315 LASIK candidates, CS were measured under dark environment at the spatial frequencies of 1.5, 3, 6, 12 and 18 cycles per degree (c/d), respectively, using an Optec 6500 visual function tester. Meanwhile, ocular HOAs were measured for a 6.0 mm pupil with a Hartmann-Shack wavefront analyzer. RESULTS In the study, the subjects with an average spherical equivalent of -4.86±2.07 D were included. HOAs decreased from the third to the sixth order aberrations with predominant aberrations of third-order coma, trefoil and fourth-order spherical aberration. At low and moderate spatial frequencies, CS was negatively correlated with the third-order coma and trefoil aberrations, and decreased with increasing Z31, but increased with increasing Z3-3 and Z5-1. At high spatial frequencies, CS decreased with increasing Z3-3 and increased with increasing Z5-1. CONCLUSION At a large pupil size of 6.0 mm, the third-order aberrations, but not the total aberrations, are the main factors affecting CS. Vertical coma is negatively correlated with CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Zhao
- Ophthalmic Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shi-Ming Li
- Ophthalmic Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Baoding 100730, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hong-Min Song
- College of Applied Arts and Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Ophthalmic Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yue-Hua Zhou
- Ophthalmic Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ning-Li Wang
- Ophthalmic Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China
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Zhao J, Xiao F, Zhao H, Dai Y, Zhang Y. Effect of higher-order aberrations and intraocular scatter on contrast sensitivity measured with a single instrument. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:2138-2147. [PMID: 28736660 PMCID: PMC5516809 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.002138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and intraocular scatter lead to the degradation of image quality on the retina, and consequently deteriorate subjective visual performance. In this article, we modified an adaptive optics double-pass system to combine objective and subjective visual testing capabilities. Employing the modified DP system, we investigated the effects of HOAs and intraocular scatter on contrast sensitivity. Contrast sensitivity measurements were performed with HOAs either retained or corrected by adaptive optics, and with scatter either remaining at the natural eye-induced level or further enhanced by a set of three different scatter filters. Contrast sensitivity was found to be worse when HOAs were uncorrected or scatter increased. Quantitative analysis indicated that the joint effect of HOAs and scatter on contrast sensitivity was not a simple summation of each contributing factor, suggesting a potential compensatory mechanism between HOAs and intraocular scatter on contrast sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlei Zhao
- The Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- The Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- The Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- The Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
| | - Haoxin Zhao
- The Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- The Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
| | - Yun Dai
- The Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- The Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
| | - Yudong Zhang
- The Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- The Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
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Oberholzer M, Gillan WD, Rubin A. Higher order aberrations of the eye: Part two. AFRICAN VISION AND EYE HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.4102/aveh.v75i1.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is the second in a series of two articles, which provides a discussion of the factors that may possibly contribute to variable results when wavefront aberrations of the human eye are measured. Some of the factors discussed in this article are the influences that refractive errors (specifically myopia and astigmatism), pupil diameter, accommodation of the crystalline lens, age, mydiatric drops and the integrity of the tear film may have on these wavefront measurements. The first article in the series explained the general principles of higher order aberrations (HOAs), as well as HOAs of importance in the eye and the measuring apparatus used to measure HOAs of the eye.Keywords: wavefront aberrations; aberrometry
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Aspheric versus wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy: contralateral eye study. J Cataract Refract Surg 2015; 41:1441-7. [PMID: 26287882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2014.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the refractive, visual, and aberrometric outcomes between wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and aspheric PRK in myopic patients. SETTING Khatam-al-Anbia Eye Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. DESIGN Prospective randomized clinical trial. METHODS One eye of each patient was randomly assigned to excimer laser wavefront-guided PRK (Zyoptix) and the other eye to excimer laser aspheric PRK (Technolas 217z). The preoperative and 3-month and 6-month postoperative refractive errors, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and higher-order aberrations (HOAs) were compared between the groups. RESULTS Ninety-six eyes (48 patients) were enrolled. At the last postoperative visit, there were no between-group differences in uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) (P = .987) or corrected distance visual acuity (P = .416). The mean spherical equivalent was -0.076 diopter (D) ± 0.029 (SD) in the wavefront-guided group and -0.077 ± 0.075 D in the aspheric PRK group (P = .684). Postoperatively, the mean area under the log of contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) with and without glare testing improved over preoperative values (both P < .001). There was no statistically significant between-group difference in the AULCSF with glare (P = .903) or without glare (P = .978). Total HOAs increased after PRK in both groups, although aspheric PRK induced fewer HOAs than wavefront-guided PRK (P = .04). CONCLUSIONS Both PRK methods equally improved postoperative UDVA and contrast sensitivity. The HOAs increased after treatment with both methods; however, aspheric ablation induced statistically fewer HOAs than wavefront-guided ablation. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
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Kamiya K, Shimizu K, Iijima A, Kobashi H. Factors influencing contrast sensitivity function in myopic eyes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113562. [PMID: 25401751 PMCID: PMC4234649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the factors affecting the area under the log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) in healthy myopic eyes. Methods We retrospectively examined 201 eyes of 201 consecutive subjects (age, 31.8±7.4 years (mean ± standard deviation)) with myopic refractive errors of −1.25 to −8.25 diopters (D). From the contrast sensitivity data, the area under the log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) was calculated. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to assess the factors affecting the AULCSF. Results The mean AULSCF was 1.09±0.09 (0.89 to 1.55). Explanatory variables relevant to the AULCSF were, in order of influence, the objective scattering index (OSI) (p = 0.018, partial regression coefficient B = –0.032) and logMAR CDVA (p = 0.022, B = –0.209) (adjusted R2 = 0.231). No significant correlation was seen with other clinical factors such as gender, manifest refraction, pupil size, lens density, corneal HOAs, or ocular HOAs. Conclusions Although the great majority of the variance remains unexplained, eyes with lower OSI and better CDVA are more predisposed to show higher contrast sensitivity function. These results indicate that not only CDVA but also intraocular forward scattering may play some role in predicting the contrast sensitivity function in myopic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Kamiya
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kitasato School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kimiya Shimizu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kitasato School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ayaka Iijima
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kitasato School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Kobashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kitasato School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Zhang N, Yang XB, Zhang WQ, Liu LQ, Dong GJ, Chen TW, Liao M, Liao X. Relationship between higher-order aberrations and myopia progression in schoolchildren: a retrospective study. Int J Ophthalmol 2013; 6:295-9. [PMID: 23826521 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.03.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the relationship between higher-order aberration (HOA) and myopic progression in school children. METHODS Between April 23, 2011 and August 29, 2011 in the children's myopia outpatient clinic of the West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 148 eyes of 74 schoolchildren were reviewed. HOAs for a 6-mm pupil were measured with an aberrometer. Myopic progression rate was defined according to the change in spherical equivalent refraction (SER) divided by the time span (years). Subjects with myopic progression rate of ≥0.50 diopters (D) were classified as the 'fast' group and the subjects with myopic progression rate of <0.50D were classified as the 'slow' group. A retrospective study was conducted to compare HOA between the two groups, using root mean square (RMS) values and Zernike coefficients. RESULTS The RMS values of HOA (t=2.316, P=0.02), HOA without Z4 (0) (t=2.224, P=0.03), third-order aberrations (t'=2.62, P=0.01), and coma (t'=2.49, P=0.01) were significantly higher in the fast group than those in the slow group. The individual Zernike coefficients of Z3 (-1) (t=-2.072, P=0.04) and Z5 (1) (Z =-2.627, P=0.01) displayed statistically significant differences between the two groups. Significant correlations were found between the RMS values of HOA (r=0.193, P=0.019), RMS values of HOA without Z4 (0) (r=0.23, P =0.005), RMS values of coma (r=0.235, P=0.004), RMS values of third-order aberrations (r=0.243, P =0.003), and the progression rate. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence of a relationship between HOA and myopic progression. In a future prospective longitudinal study, we aim to verify whether HOA is a risk factor for myopic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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Contrast Sensitivity Evaluation in a Population-Based Study in Shahroud, Iran. Ophthalmology 2012; 119:541-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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