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Yang HK, Park SH, Lee HJ, Kim SY, Gye HJ, Kim SY, Shin SY, Lim KH. Self-Reported Findings of the Korean Intermittent Exotropia Multicenter Study Questionnaire. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024; 38:194-202. [PMID: 38584440 PMCID: PMC11175978 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2023.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine subjective symptoms and medical history of patients with intermittent exotropia in a large study population. METHODS The Korean Intermittent Exotropia Multicenter Study (KIEMS) is a nationwide, observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study conducted by the Korean Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus including 5,385 patients with intermittent exotropia. Subjective symptoms and medical history of patients with intermittent exotropia were extracted by a comprehensive survey based on a self-administered questionnaire according to the study protocol of the KIEMS. RESULTS The mean age of symptom onset was 5.5 years. The most common symptom reported in patients with intermittent exotropia was photophobia (52.1%), followed by diplopia at near fixation (7.3%) and distance fixation (6.2%). Preterm birth was found in 8.8%, and 4.1% had perinatal complications. A family history of strabismus was present in 14.9%, and 5.5% of patients had a family member who underwent strabismus surgery. CONCLUSIONS The KIEMS is one of the largest clinical studies on intermittent exotropia. Intermittent exotropia frequently caused photophobia and diplopia, and patients with a family history was not uncommon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kyung Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam,
Korea
| | - Shin Hae Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Haeng-Jin Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jeonbuk National University College of Medicine, Jeonju,
Korea
| | - Sook-Young Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu,
Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Gye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nune Eye Hospital, Seoul,
Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan,
Korea
| | - Sun Young Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Key Hwan Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
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Fang C, Wu Y, peng T, Wang C, Lou J, Xu M, Bao J, Chen C, Yu X. Reading speed in school-age children with intermittent exotropia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9423. [PMID: 35676393 PMCID: PMC9177830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13293-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Reading speed in intermittent exotropia (IXT) children has been minimally examined. This study assessed reading speed in school-age children with IXT and determined clinical characteristics of IXT that impacted their reading ability. We compared the reading speed of 63 school-age (10–14 years) children with IXT to 44 age-matched normal counterparts. In addition, the correlation between reading speed and clinical characteristics of IXT were evaluated. The reading speed in children with IXT was 231 ± 51 CPM, while reading speed in normal counterparts was 257 ± 33 CPM. Age, gender were found to be factors associated with reading speed in children with IXT. After adjusting for the age and gender, we found a significant correlation between the LogTNO and reading speed in IXT group based on a generalized linear model (p = 0.014). These data show that reading speed was slower in school-age children with IXT assessed with the International Reading Speed Texts. When age and gender were adjusted, poor stereo function at near was found to be related with a slower reading speed.
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Kim DH, Baek SH, Choi HY, Choi DG, Lee DC, Lee SY, Lim HW, Lim HT, Ryu WY, Yang HK, Lim KH. An Overview of the Korean Intermittent Exotropia Multicenter Study by the Korean Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 35:355-359. [PMID: 34237205 PMCID: PMC8521330 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2021.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Korean Intermittent Exotropia Multicenter Study (KIEMS), which was initiated by the Korean Association of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, is a collaborative multicenter study on intermittent exotropia in Korea. The KIEMS was designed to provide comprehensive information, including subjective and objective findings of intermittent exotropia in a large study population. A total of 65 strabismus specialists in 53 institutions contributed to this study, which, to date, is one of the largest clinical studies on intermittent exotropia. In this article, we provide a detailed methodology of the KIEMS to help future investigations that may use the KIEMS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hee Kim
- Strabismus & Pediatric Ophthalmology Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Baek
- Strabismus & Pediatric Ophthalmology Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Young Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University, School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Dong Gyu Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Cheol Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keimyung University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Se-Youp Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keimyung University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Han Woong Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Taek Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Yeol Ryu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Key Hwan Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim JS, Choi MY. A Comparison of Reading Speeds of Intermittent Exotropia and Normal Children. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2020.61.7.784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mishra S, Kim YS, Intarasirisawat J, Kwon YT, Lee Y, Mahmood M, Lim HR, Herbert R, Yu KJ, Ang CS, Yeo WH. Soft, wireless periocular wearable electronics for real-time detection of eye vergence in a virtual reality toward mobile eye therapies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay1729. [PMID: 32201718 PMCID: PMC7069716 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in electronic packaging and image processing techniques have opened the possibility for optics-based portable eye tracking approaches, but technical and safety hurdles limit safe implementation toward wearable applications. Here, we introduce a fully wearable, wireless soft electronic system that offers a portable, highly sensitive tracking of eye movements (vergence) via the combination of skin-conformal sensors and a virtual reality system. Advancement of material processing and printing technologies based on aerosol jet printing enables reliable manufacturing of skin-like sensors, while the flexible hybrid circuit based on elastomer and chip integration allows comfortable integration with a user's head. Analytical and computational study of a data classification algorithm provides a highly accurate tool for real-time detection and classification of ocular motions. In vivo demonstration with 14 human subjects captures the potential of the wearable electronics as a portable therapy system, whose minimized form factor facilitates seamless interplay with traditional wearable hardware.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saswat Mishra
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Yun-Soung Kim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Jittrapol Intarasirisawat
- School of Engineering and Digital Arts, Jennison Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NT, UK
| | - Young-Tae Kwon
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Yongkuk Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260, USA
| | - Musa Mahmood
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Hyo-Ryoung Lim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Robert Herbert
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Ki Jun Yu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chee Siang Ang
- School of Engineering and Digital Arts, Jennison Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NT, UK
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Flexible Wearable Electronics Advance Research Program, Institute for Materials, and Neural Engineering Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Park N, Park B, Oh M, Moon S, Kim M. A quantitative analysis method for comitant exotropia using video-oculography with alternate cover. BMC Ophthalmol 2018; 18:80. [PMID: 29566654 PMCID: PMC5863817 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-018-0747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a quantitative analysis method for comitant exotropia using video-oculography (VOG) with alternate cover. Methods Thirty-four subjects with comitant exotropia were included. Two independent ophthalmologists measured the angle of ocular deviation using the alternate prism cover test (APCT). The video files and data of changes in ocular deviation during the alternate cover test were obtained using VOG. To verify the accuracy of VOG, the value obtained using VOG and the angle of a rotating model eye were compared, and a new linear equation was subsequently derived using these data. The calculated values obtained using VOG were compared with those obtained using the APCT. Results Rotation of the model eye and the values obtained using VOG demonstrated excellent positive correlation (R = 1.000; p < 0.001). A simple linear regression model was obtained: rotation of the model eye = 0.978 × value obtained using VOG for a model eye – 0.549. The 95% limit of agreement for inter-observer variability was ±4.63 prism diopters (PD) for APCT and that for test-retest variability was ±3.56 PD for the VOG test. The results of APCT and calculated VOG test demonstrated a strong positive correlation. Bland-Altman plots revealed no overall tendency for the calculated values obtained from VOG to differ from those obtained using APCT. Conclusions VOG with alternate cover is a non-invasive and accurate tool for quantitatively measuring and recording ocular deviation. In particular, it is independent of the proficiency of the examiner and, can therefore, be useful in the absence of skilled personnel. Trial registration ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT03119311, Date of registration: 04/17/2017, Date of enrolment of the first participant to the trial: 04/25/2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nohae Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 75 Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Byunggun Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 75 Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyuk Moon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 75 Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myungmi Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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