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Sato Y, Tanaka Y, Suetsugu T, Takaha R, Ojio H, Hatanaka Y, Imai T, Okumura N, Matsuhashi N, Takahashi T, Kato H, Yoshida K. Three-step operation for esophago-left bronchial fistula with respiratory failure after esophagectomy: a case report with literature review. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:467. [PMID: 34906075 PMCID: PMC8672548 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-02051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of esophago-bronchial fistula after esophagectomy and reconstruction using a posterior mediastinal gastric tube remains a rare complication associated with a high rate of mortality. CASE PRESENTATION A 63-year-old man with esophageal cancer underwent a thoracoscopic esophagectomy with two-field lymph node dissection and reconstruction via a gastric tube through the posterior mediastinal route. Postoperatively, the patient developed extensive pyothorax in the right lung due to port site bleeding and hematoma infection. Four months after surgery, he developed an esophago-left bronchial fistula due to ischemia of the cervical esophagus and severe reflux esophagitis at the site of the anastomosis. Because of respiratory failure due to the esophago-bronchial fistula and the history of extensive right pyothorax, right thoracotomy and left one-lung ventilation were thought to be impossible, so we decided to perform the surgery in three-step systematically. First, we inserted a decompression catheter and feeding tube into the gastric tube as a gastrostomy and expected neovascularization to develop from the wall of the gastric tube through the anastomosis after this procedure. Second, 14 months after esophagectomy, we constructed an esophagostomy after confirming blood flow in the distal side of the cervical esophagus via gastric tube using intraoperative indocyanine green-guided blood flow evaluation. In the final step, we closed the esophagostomy and performed a cervical esophago-jejunal anastomosis to restore esophageal continuity using a pedicle jejunum in a Roux-en-Y anastomosis via a subcutaneous route. CONCLUSION This three-step operation can be an effective procedure for patients with esophago-left bronchial fistula after esophagectomy, especially those with respiratory failure and difficulty in undergoing right thoracotomy with left one-lung ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Sato
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan.
| | - Tomonari Suetsugu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Ritsuki Takaha
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ojio
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Yuji Hatanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Takeharu Imai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Naoki Okumura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Matsuhashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Takao Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Kato
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
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Endoluminal Vacuum Therapy for Definitive Management of an Esophagobronchial Fistula. Ann Thorac Surg 2021; 113:669-673. [PMID: 34391698 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endoluminal vacuum (EVAC) therapy has gained popularity as a minimally invasive option for contained esophageal leaks. EVAC therapy may be useful for esophagogastric anastomotic leak fistulizing to the airway. DESCRIPTION The following describes EVAC therapy of an esophagobronchial fistula with video depicting the conduct of the procedure including technical tips. Video and photo evidence of progression and ultimate resolution are included. EVALUATION Sponge exchanges were completed every 3 to 4 days. EVAC therapy was administered via a transnasal approach. In the presented case, a total of 11 exchanges over 6 weeks were required. EVAC sponge placement was transitioned from intracavitary to endoluminal for the final four treatments. All but 4 exchanges were able to be completed at the bedside in a monitored setting with sedation. CONCLUSIONS Definitive EVAC therapy of an esophageal leak that has fistulized to a main airway is rare and challenging clinical problem. Definitive EVAC therapy for esophageal anastomotic leak with esophagobronchial fistula is a feasible option in select cases.
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Okamoto K, Ninomiya I, Fujiwara Y, Mochizuki I, Aoki T, Yamaguchi T, Terai S, Nakanuma S, Kinoshita J, Makino I, Nakamura K, Miyashita T, Tajima H, Takamura H, Fushida S, Ohta T. Use of esophageal stent for the treatment of postoperative gastrointestinal-airway fistula after esophagectomy. Esophagus 2019; 16:413-417. [PMID: 31062120 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-019-00673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A gastrointestinal-airway fistula (GAF) after esophagectomy is a very serious postoperative complication that can cause severe respiratory complications due to digestive juice inflow. Generally, GAF is managed by invasive surgical treatment; less-invasive treatment has yet to be established. We performed esophageal stent placement (ESP) in three cases of GAF after esophagectomy. We assessed the usefulness of ESP through our clinical experience. All GAFs were successfully managed by ESP procedures. After the procedure, the stent positioning and expansion were appropriately evaluated by radiological assessments over time. The stent was removed after endoscopic confirmation of fistula closure on days 8, 23, and 71. Only one patient with a long-term indwelling stent developed a manageable secondary gastrobronchial fistula as a procedure-related complication. In conclusion, ESP was shown to be a less-invasive and effective therapeutic modality for the treatment of GAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Itasu Ninomiya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Yuta Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Ichitaro Mochizuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Aoki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Takahisa Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Shiro Terai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakanuma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Jun Kinoshita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Isamu Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Keishi Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Miyashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Tajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Sachio Fushida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohta
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
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Balakrishnan A, Tapias L, Wright CD, Lanuti MX, Gaissert HA, Mathisen DJ, Muniappan A. Surgical Management of Post-Esophagectomy Tracheo-Bronchial-Esophageal Fistula. Ann Thorac Surg 2018; 106:1640-1646. [PMID: 30171850 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-esophagectomy tracheo-bronchial-esophageal fistula (PETEF) most often develops after anastomotic disruption or gastric conduit necrosis. Ideal surgical management and outcomes for this complication are uncertain. METHODS A retrospective review of 11 patients undergoing surgical repair of PETEF was performed. RESULTS The median time between esophagectomy and surgical repair of PETEF was 61 days (range, 7 days to 28 years). Anastomotic leak or gastric conduit necrosis was responsible for PETEF in 6 patients (54.5%), whereas other causes were erosion of a tracheal appliance (n = 2), gastric conduit staple line erosion (n = 1), anastomotic stricture dilation (n = 1), and recurrent esophageal cancer (n = 1). Membranous airway defects were repaired primarily and buttressed with muscle or omental flaps in 8 patients (72.7%), whereas two (18.2%) were repaired with bio-prosthetic patches and one (9.1%) was repaired with a sleeve resection of the bronchus. Anastomotic and neo-esophageal conduit defects were repaired primarily in 3 patients (27.3%), whereas 7 patients (63.6%) underwent conduit take-down and esophageal or pharyngeal diversion, and 1 patient (9.1%) underwent simultaneous fistula repair and colon interposition. Two patients (18.2%) had recurrent fistulas, with 1 patient dying after second fistula closure and the other was discharged with no further attempt at repair. Three patients (27.3%) died postoperatively. Only 3 patients (27.3%) resumed an oral diet after fistula repair. CONCLUSIONS Surgical treatment is effective for most patients undergoing operative repair of PETEF, notwithstanding a considerable risk of postoperative morbidity and death. Although fistula repair is life saving and prevents further respiratory deterioration, return to oral alimentation is not ensured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Balakrishnan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leonidas Tapias
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cameron D Wright
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael X Lanuti
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Henning A Gaissert
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas J Mathisen
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ashok Muniappan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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