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Akrami S, Ekrami A, Jahangirimehr F, Yousefi Avarvand A. High prevalence of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying integron and exoA, exoS, and exoU genes isolated from burn patients in Ahvaz, southwest Iran: A retrospective study. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2164. [PMID: 38903659 PMCID: PMC11187163 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa as an opportunistic pathogen produces several virulence factors. This study evaluated the relative frequency of exoenzymes (exo) A, U and S genes and integron classes (I, II, and III) among multi-drug-resistant clinical P. aeruginosa isolates from burn patients in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran. Methods In this cross-sectional study P. aeruginosa isolates were recovered from 355 wound samples. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was done by disk agar diffusion method on Muller-Hinton agar according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. MDR isolates were defined if they showed simultaneous resistance to 3 antibiotics. Extensively drug-resistant was defined as nonsusceptibility to at least one agent in all but two or fewer antimicrobial categories. The presence of class I, II, and III integrons and virulence genes was determined using a PCR assay on extracted DNA. Results Overall, 145 clinical P. aeruginosa isolates were confirmed with biochemical and PCR tests. Overall, 35% (52/145) of the isolates were taken from males and 64% (93/145) from female hospitalized burn patients. The highest resistance rates of P. aeruginosa isolates to antibiotics were related to piperacillin 59% (n = 86/145) and piperacillin-tazobactam 57% (n = 83/145). A total of 100% of isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. MDR and XDR P. aeruginosa had a frequency of 60% and 29%, respectively. The prevalence of integron classes I, II, and III in P. aeruginosa was 60%, 7.58%, and 3.44%, respectively. IntI was more common in MDR and XDR P. aeruginosa isolates. In addition, 70(48%) of P. aeruginosa isolates did not harbor integron genes. Besides, exoA, exoS, and exoU in P. aeruginosa had a frequency of 55%, 55%, and 56%, respectively. Conclusion It was found that P. aeruginosa as a potent pathogen with strong virulence factors and high antibiotic resistance in the health community can cause refractory diseases in burn patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sousan Akrami
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical SciencesAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Alireza Ekrami
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical SciencesAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | | | - Arshid Yousefi Avarvand
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical SciencesAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research InstituteAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
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Bishoyi AK, Mahapatra M, Paidesetty SK, Padhy RN. Design, molecular docking, and antimicrobial assessment of newly synthesized phytochemical thymol Mannich base derivatives. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hassan S, Semen Y, Josep D, Gabriel E, Kingsley O, Calista S. Antimicrobial susceptibility in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media in a North-Central secondary health facility in Nigeria. INDIAN JOURNAL OF OTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_91_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Genetically Diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Respect to Their Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019; 71:1300-1308. [PMID: 31750169 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-018-1358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) pathogen that exhibits multiple resistances to antibiotics with increasing frequency, making patient treatment more difficult. The aim of the study is to ascertain the genetically diversity of this clinically isolated P. aeruginosa with inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. All 25 P. aeruginosa were isolated from CSOM patients by taking their ear swabs and culturing on blood agar and MacConkey agar. All strains were identified with morphological characters and biochemical testing. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. ISSR was used to study the genetic diversity of P. aeruginosa. Clinically CSOM isolated 25 P. aeruginosa were 88% Ciprofloxacin resistant and similarly resistant to other antibiotics were documented. The study has been made using ISSR marker to find out the genomic relation among the strains/populations of P. aeruginosa. The result was shown that maximum similarity (80%) was between S-11 and S-13 and minimum (28.2%) was between S-4 and S-16 with an average similarity of 53.2%. The dendogram showed a distinct separation in between all the strains/populations of P. aeruginosa. The strains/populations were broken up into two main clusters in which small one bear two strains/populations (S-4 and S-9) and another cluster have another 23 strains/populations. These 23 strains were also separated to form subcluster by having different range of small clades. The genetically diversity of pathogenic P. aeruginosa present in CSOM at our hospital indicates the coexistence different strains due to different antibiotic sensitivity patterns. The conventional culture and sensitivity methods are time consuming whereas in PCR, it will detect within 4-6 h for effective antibiotic. Basing upon the banding pattern with ISSR primers, clinicians can prescribe the effective antibiotics accordingly for CSOM patients in the same day.
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Chandra Sahu M, Swain SK. Surveillance of antibiotic sensitivity pattern in chronic suppurative otitis media of an Indian teaching hospital. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019; 5:88-94. [PMID: 31334487 PMCID: PMC6617225 DOI: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a common problem in worldwide and untreated CSOM leads to fatal complications like facial nerve paralysis, lateral sinus thrombosis, labyrinthitis, meningitis and brain abscess in developing country like India. OBJECTIVE To isolate causative bacteria and antibiotic sensitivity pattern for CSOM and to know the prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) and Metallobetalactamases (MBL) in CSOM patients. METHODS A total of 500 ear swabs of clinical suspected CSOM patients were cultured on specific cultured medium and identified the bacteria with conventional methods. Then all the identified bacteria were subjected with specific antibiotics by the Kirby-Bauer's method to know the resistance pattern of antibiotics. ESBL and MBL strains were detected by double disc diffusion test. RESULTS A total of 384 bacteria were isolated from 500 CSOM patients, among them 86 P. aeruginosa (22.40%), 112 Staphylococcus aureus (29.17%), 53 A. baumannii (13.80%), 32 E. aerogenes (18%), 26 C. freundii (6.77%), 24 K. oxytoca (6.25%), 23 P. vulgaris (5.99%), 18 K. pneumoniae (4.69%) and 10 P. mirabilis (2.60%) identified with conventional methods. From antibiotic disc diffusion methods 74.22% ESBL strains and 9.90% MBL strains were documented. Multidrug resistant strains of P. aeruginosa (86/384,22.40%) were more prevalent than those of S. aureus (112/384,29.17%) and other bacteria in ear discharges. Imipenem and vancomicin could control to gram negative bacteria and gram positive bacteria respectively. CONCLUSION Continuous and periodic evaluation of microbiological profile and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of bacterial is essential for optimum management of CSOM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Chandra Sahu
- IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha “O” Anusandhan University, K8, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Swain
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha “O” Anusandhan University, K8, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
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Kumar MS, Das AP. Molecular identification of multi drug resistant bacteria from urinary tract infected urine samples. Microb Pathog 2016; 98:37-44. [PMID: 27354209 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are of great concern in both developing and developed countries all over the world. Even though the infections are more common in women and children, they are at a considerable rate in men and of all ages. The uropathogens causing the infections are spread through various routes. The treatment generally recommended by the physicians is antibiotic usage. But, most of the uropathogens have evolved antibiotic resistance mechanisms. This makes the present situation hectic in control and prevention of UTIs. The present study aims to illustrate the multidrug resistance patterns among isolated bacterial strains from infected urine samples in Odisha state, India. Four bacterial strains were isolated and identified as Proteus sp. SK3, Pseudomonas sp. ADMK77, Proteus sp. BLKB2 and Enterobacter hormaechei strain CW-3 by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Phylogenetc analysis indicated the strains belong to three various genera namely, Proteus, Pseudomonas and Enterobacter. The evolutionary timeline of the bacteria was studied by constructing phylogenetic trees by Neighborhood Joining method. The presence of ESBL gene and biofilm forming capability were studied for the four strains. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates were studied toward the commonly recommended antibiotics. Both the Proteus strains were found commonly susceptible to aminoglycoside and sulphonamide groups. Pseudomonas strain was found to be susceptible to cephems, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. Enterobacter sp was found to be resistant to almost all antibiotic groups and susceptible to only sulphonamides group. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the bacteria help in choosing the empirical antibiotic treatment for UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Kumar
- Bioengineering & Biomineral Processing Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Khandagiri Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - A P Das
- Bioengineering & Biomineral Processing Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Khandagiri Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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Mishra MP, Sarangi R, Padhy RN. Prevalence of multidrug resistant uropathogenic bacteria in pediatric patients of a tertiary care hospital in eastern India. J Infect Public Health 2016; 9:308-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Mishra MP, Debata NK, Padhy RN. Surveillance of multidrug resistant uropathogenic bacteria in hospitalized patients in Indian. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 3:315-24. [PMID: 23620859 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To record surveillance, antibiotic resistance of uropathogens of hospitalized patients over a period of 18 months. METHODS Urine samples from wards and cabins were used for isolating urinary tract infection (UTI)-causing bacteria that were cultured on suitable selective media and identified by biochemical tests; and their antibiograms were ascertained by Kirby-Bauer's disc diffusion method, in each 6-month interval of the study period, using 18 antibiotics of five different classes. RESULTS From wards and cabins, 1 245 samples were collected, from which 996 strains of bacteria belonging to 11 species were isolated, during April 2011 to September 2012. Two Gram-positive, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), and nine Gram-negative bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii, Citrobacter sp., Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated. Both S. aureus and E. faecalis were vancomycin resistant, and resistant-strains of all pathogens increased in each 6-month period of study. Particularly, all Gram-negatives were resistant to nitrofurantoin and co-trimoxazole, the most preferred antibiotics of empiric therapy for UTI. CONCLUSIONS Antibiograms of 11 UTI-causing bacteria recorded in this study indicated moderately higher numbers of strains resistant to each antibiotic studied, generating the fear of precipitating fervent episodes in public health particularly with bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and S. aureus. Moreover, vancomycin resistance in strains of S. aureus and E. faecalis is a matter of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monali Priyadarsini Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, IMS & Sum Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
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Dubey D, Rath S, Sahu MC, Rout S, Debata NK, Padhy RN. A report on infection dynamics of inducible clindamycin resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a teaching hospital in India. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 3:148-53. [PMID: 23593595 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the infection of hospital- and community-acquired "erythromycin-induced clindamycin resistant" strains or D-test positives of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (with and without methicillin resistance) in a hospital. METHODS Strains of S. aureus isolated from clinical specimens were subjected to D-test and antibiotic profiling. RESULTS Of the total 278 isolates, 140 (50.35%) were D-test positives and the rest were D-test negatives. Further, of 140 (100%) positives, 87 (62.14%) and 53 (37.85%) strains were from males and females, respectively. Of 140 (100%) positives, 117 (83.57%) were methicillin resistant S. aureus and 23 (16.42%) were methicillin sensitive S. aureus; of 140 strains, 103 (73.57%) strains from persons with and 37 (26.42%) were without related infections; of 140 strains, 91 (65%) and 49 (35%) were from hospital- and community-acquired samples, respectively. In 140 strains, 118 (84.28%) with comorbidities and 22 (15.71%) without comorbidities cases were recorded; similarly, persons with prior antibiotic uses contributed 108 (77.14%) and without 32 (22.85%) positive strains. These binary data of surveillance were analyzed by a univariate analysis. It was evident that the prior antibiotic uses and comorbidities due to other ailments were the determinative factors in D-test positivity, corroborated by low P values, P=0.001 1 and 0.002 4, respectively. All isolates (278) were resistant to 17 antibiotics of nine groups, in varying degrees; the minimum of 28% resistance for vancomycin and the maximum of 97% resistance for gentamicin were recorded. Further, of 278 strains, only 42 (15.1%) strains were resistant constitutively to both antibiotics, erythromycin resistant and clindamycin resistant, while 45 (16.2%) strains were constitutively sensitive to both antibiotics (erythromycin sensitive and clindamycin sensitive). Further, of the rest 191 (68.7%) strains were with erythromycin resistant and clindamycin resistant, of which only 140 (50.35%) strains were D-test positives, while the rest 51 (18.34%) strains were D-test negatives. CONCLUSIONS In view of high prevalence of D-test positive S. aureus strains, and equally high prevalence of multidrug resistant strains both in community and hospital sectors, undertaking of D-test may be routinely conducted for suppurative infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Dubey
- Microbiology Department, IMS & Sum Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
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Monograph: In vitro efficacy of 30 ethnomedicinal plants used by Indian aborigines against 6 multidrug resistant Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Dubey D, Patnaik R, Ghosh G, Padhy RN. In Vitro Antibacterial Activity, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz. Leaf Extract and Host Toxicity Testing With In Vitro Cultured Lymphocytes From Human Umbilical Cord Blood. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2014; 5:298-312. [PMID: 25389517 PMCID: PMC4225590 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrp.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To locate a plant with suitable phytochemicals for use as antimicrobial agents to control multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria as a complementary medicine, without host toxicity as monitored through cultured lymphocytes from human umbilical cord blood. Methods The methanol crude leaf extract of the plant Woodfordia fruticosa was subjected to antimicrobial assay in vitro with nine pathogenic MDR bacteria from clinical samples. This was followed by bioassay-guided fractionation with seven non-polar to polar solvents, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the n-butanol fraction, and monitoring of the host toxicity of the leaf extract with in vitro grown lymphocytes from human umbilical cord blood. Results The leaf extract of W. fruticosa had a controlling capacity for MDR bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of the n-butanol fraction were < 1.89 mg/mL extract and 9.63 mg/mL extract, respectively. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry spectrum of the n-butanol fraction confirmed the presence of 13 peaks of different compounds with retention times of 9.11 minutes, 9.72 minutes, 10.13 minutes, 10.78 minutes, 12.37 minutes, 12.93 minutes, 18.16 minutes, 21.74 minutes, 21.84 minutes, 5.96 minutes, 12.93 minutes, 24.70 minutes, and 25.76 minutes. The six leading compounds were: diethyl phthalate: IUPAC name: diethyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate; 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl) phenol: IUPAC name: 5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylphenol; (E )-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-diene-1-thiol: IUPAC name: (2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-diene-1-thiol; 2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-, (E,E ): IUPAC name: 2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol; 3,7,11-trimethyl-, (E,E); 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl) phenol: IUPAC name: 2-methoxy-4-[(1E)-prop-1-en-1-yl]phenol; hexadecanoic acid: IUPAC name: hexadecanoic acid. Conclusion The presence of antimicrobial compounds that are therapeutically potent against MDR bacteria was confirmed in W. fruticosa. The crude leaf extract showed no host toxicity with human lymphocytes; the n-butanol fraction of the extract was the most suitable bioactive fraction. The terpenes isolated were: 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl) phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl) phenol, 2,6-octadien-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-(E)-2,6-octadienal, 3,7-dimethylcyclohexanol, and cyclohexanol, 2-methylene-5-(1-methylethenyl) which were reported to have specifically antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Dubey
- Department of Botany and Biotechnology, B.J.B. Autonomous College, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Central Research Laboratory, IMS & Sum Hospital Medical College, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rajashree Patnaik
- Central Research Laboratory, IMS & Sum Hospital Medical College, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rabindra N. Padhy
- Central Research Laboratory, IMS & Sum Hospital Medical College, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Corresponding author.
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Rath S, Padhy RN. Prevalence of two multidrug-resistant Klebsiella species in an Indian teaching hospital and adjoining community. J Infect Public Health 2014; 7:496-507. [PMID: 24996691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria Klebsiella oxytoca and Klebsiella pneumoniae produce the extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and cephalosporinase enzymes and are the major causes of hospital acquired (HA) infections and epidemics in non-hygienic communities in the majority of developing countries. METHODS The prevalence of multidrug resistance among 445 strains of K. oxytoca and K. pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples of patients with gastrointestinal infections over a period of 42 months in the hospital was recorded, along with the sensitivity patterns to 23 antibiotics, including third-generation cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone antibiotics, using the disk-diffusion method. RESULTS Of 175 K. oxytoca isolates, 143 were ESBL positive and 117 were fluoroquinolone resistant. Of 270 K. pneumoniae isolates, 200 were ESBL positive and 195 were independently fluoroquinolone resistant. The HA samples yielded more isolates than the community acquired (CA) samples for each species. The K. oxytoca strains were resistant to cefepime, gatifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, levofloxacin and imipenem, whereas the K. pneumoniae strains were highly resistant to ampicillin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, ofloxacin, amoxyclav, ceftazidime, cefepime, cefixime, piperacillin and imipenem. The ESBL-producing and fluoroquinolone-resistant K. pneumoniae strains were more prevalent than the K. oxytoca strains in the HA/CA samples. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of the third-generation cephalosporins: cefotaxime and ceftazidime and the fluoroquinolones: ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin against both species of Klebsiella confirmed the resistance in the current/coveted treatment options. CONCLUSIONS Patients with other bacterial infections had a relatively higher probability of infection with ESBL-producing and fluoroquinolone-resistant Klebsiella strains. The data presented here highlight the alarming state of Klebsiella infection dynamics in the hospital and adjoining communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakti Rath
- Department of Botany, B.J.B. Autonomous College, Bhubaneswar 751014, Odisha, India; Central Research Laboratory, IMS and Sum Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Rabindra N Padhy
- Department of Botany, B.J.B. Autonomous College, Bhubaneswar 751014, Odisha, India; Central Research Laboratory, IMS and Sum Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India.
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Monitoring in vitro antibacterial efficacy of 26 Indian spices against multidrug resistant urinary tract infecting bacteria. Integr Med Res 2014; 3:133-141. [PMID: 28664089 PMCID: PMC5481744 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To screen methanolic extracts of 26 commonly used Indian spices against nine species of uropathogenic bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), isolated from clinical samples of a tertiary care hospital for antibacterial activity. METHODS Bacterial strains were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing by Kirby-Bauer's disc diffusion method. Monitoring antibacterial potentiality of spice extracts was done by the agar-well diffusion method with multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of nine uropathogens. RESULTS The Gram-positive (GP) bacteria E. faecalis and S. aureus were resistant to 16 of the 21 antibiotics used. Among the Gram-negative (GN) bacteria, resistant patterns were A. baumannii and E. aerogenes to 12, C. freundii to 14, E. coli to 12, K. pneumoniae to 10, P. mirabilis to 11, and P. aeruginosa to 15 antibiotics of the 18 antibiotics used. The most effective 15 spices, having at least 25-29 mm as the size of the zone of inhibition, were Allium cepa, Brassica juncea, Cinnamomum tamala, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Coriandrum sativum, Cuminum cyminum, Curcuma longa, Mentha spicata, Murraya koenigii, Nigella sativa, Papaver somniferum, Piper nigrum, S. aromaticum, Trachyspermum ammi, and Trigonella foenum for at least one of the GP or GN MDR bacterial strains used. Moderate control capacity was registered by nine spices, Curcuma amada, Foeniculum vulgare, Illicium verum, Mentha spicata, Papaver somniferum, Syzygium aromaticum, Trachyspermum ammi, Trigonella foenum, and Zingiber officinale. However, the best two spices for controlling all the pathogens used were C. zeylanicum and C. longa, with the highest value of 29 mm as the inhibition zone size. CONCLUSION The most effective and unique 16 spice plants recorded for the in vitro control of MDR uropathogens could further be pursued for the development of complementary and supplementary medicine against MDR bacteria.
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Rath S, Dubey D, Sahu MC, Debata NK, Padhy RN. Surveillance of ESBL producing multidrug resistant Escherichia coli in a teaching hospital in India. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Sahu MC, Patnaik R, Padhy RN. In vitro combinational efficacy of ceftriaxone and leaf extract of Combretum albidum G. Don against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and host-toxicity testing with lymphocytes from human cord blood. J Acute Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacme.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rath S, Padhy RN. Monitoring in vitro efficacy of Holarrhena antidysenterica against multidrug resistant enteropathogenic bacteria. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60415-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Nayak N, Lenka RK, Padhy RN. Surveillance of multidrug resistant suppurative infection causing bacteria in hospitalized patients in an Indian tertiary care hospital. JOURNAL OF ACUTE DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-6189(14)60033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Mishra MP, Padhy RN. In Vitro antibacterial efficacy of 21 Indian timber-yielding plants against multidrug-resistant bacteria causing urinary tract infection. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2013; 4:347-57. [PMID: 24524024 PMCID: PMC3922103 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrp.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To screen methanolic leaf extracts of 21 timber-yielding plants for antibacterial activity against nine species of uropathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical samples of a hospital (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). METHODS Bacterial strains were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity tests by the Kirby-Bauer's disc diffusion method. The antibacterial potentiality of leaf extracts was monitored by the agar-well diffusion method with multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of nine uropathogens. RESULTS Two Gram-positive isolates, E. faecalis and S. aureus, were resistant to 14 of the 18 antibiotics used. Gram-negative isolates A. baumannii, C. freundii, E. aerogenes, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, and P. aeruginosa were resistant to 10, 12, 9, 11, 11, 10, and 11 antibiotics, respectively, of the 14 antibiotics used. Methanolic leaf extracts of Anogeissus acuminata had the maximum zone of inhibition size-29 mm against S. aureus and 28 mm against E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa. Cassia tora had 29 mm as the zone of inhibition size for E. faecalis, E. aerogenes, and P. aeruginosa. Based on the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values, the most effective 10 plants against uropathogens could be arranged in decreasing order as follows: C. tora > A. acuminata > Schleichera oleosa > Pterocarpus santalinus > Eugenia jambolana > Bridelia retusa > Mimusops elengi > Stereospermum kunthianum > Tectona grandis > Anthocephalus cadamba. The following eight plants had moderate control capacity: Artocarpus heterophyllus, Azadirachta indica, Dalbergia latifolia, Eucalyptus citriodora, Gmelina arborea, Pongamia pinnata, Pterocarpus marsupium, and Shorea robusta. E. coli, followed by A. baumannii, C. freundii, E. aerogenes, P. mirabilis, and P. aeruginosa were controlled by higher amounts/levels of leaf extracts. Phytochemicals of all plants were qualitatively estimated. CONCLUSIONS A majority of timber-yielding plants studied had in vitro control capacity against MDR uropathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monali P. Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, IMS and Sum Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Rabindra N. Padhy
- Central Research Laboratory, IMS and Sum Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
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Rath S, Padhy RN. Monitoring in vitro antibacterial efficacy of Terminalia alata Heyne ex. Roth, against MDR enteropathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical samples. J Acute Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacme.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Dubey D, Padhy RN. Antibacterial activity of Lantana camara L. against multidrug resistant pathogens from ICU patients of a teaching hospital. J Herb Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Dubey D, Rath S, Sahu MC, Pattnaik L, Debata NK, Padhy RN. Surveillance of infection status of drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an Indian teaching hospital. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(13)60057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sahu MC, Padhy RN. In vitro antibacterial potency of Butea monosperma Lam. against 12 clinically isolated multidrug resistant bacteria. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(13)60044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nayak N, Rath S, Mishra MP, Ghosh G, Padhy RN. Antibacterial activity of the terrestrial fern Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw. against multidrug resistant enteric- and uro-pathogenic bacteria. JOURNAL OF ACUTE DISEASE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-6189(13)60142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Detection of metallo β-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a neonatal septicemia. JOURNAL OF ACUTE DISEASE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-6189(13)60104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Dubey D, Padhy RN. Surveillance of multidrug resistance of two Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria in a teaching hospital and in vitro efficacy of 30 ethnomedicinal plants used by an aborigine of India. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(12)60060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sahu MC, Debata NK, Padhy RN. Antibacterial activity of Argemone mexicana L. against multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated from clinical samples. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Rath S, Dubey D, Sahu MC, Debata NK, Padhy RN. Surveillance of multidrug resistance of 6 uropathogens in a teaching hospital and in vitro control by 25 ethnomedicinal plants used by an aborigine of India. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Surveillance of multidrug resistance of 10 enteropathogens in a teaching hospital and in vitro efficacy of 25 ethnomedicinal plants used by an Indian aborigine. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(12)60178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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