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Almutairi N, Gopaldasani V, Hosseinzadeh H. Relationship Between Patient Activation and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Self-management and Clinical Outcomes in Saudi Arabian Primary Care Setting. Am J Health Promot 2024; 38:767-777. [PMID: 38146875 PMCID: PMC11308268 DOI: 10.1177/08901171231224889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) self-management is a comprehensive approach that individuals with T2DM employ to manage and control their condition. Patients' activation, "an individual's knowledge, skill, and confidence for managing their health and health care", has been used as a major driver of self-management. This study aimed to assess the relationship of patient activation with T2DM self-management and clinical outcomes. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS Patients with type T2DM who age 18-years and older. SETTING The primary care centers in Saudi Arabia. MEASURES Patient activation measure (PAM) and the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA). ANALYSIS Descriptive statistic, T-test, One-way ANOVA test, Chi-square test, and linear and logistic regressions were performed. RESULTS A total of 398 patients, mostly male (54.9%) with a mean age of 53.2 (±10.7) years old participated in the study. The participants' mean of Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was 8.4% (±1.7%) and most of them (74.5%) had an uncontrolled HbA1c level (>7% %). The mean patient activation score was 55.9 (±13.5). 24.4% were at [PA1], 26.7% at [PA2], 37.4% at [PA3], and 11.5% at [PA4]. Patient activation level was positively associated with better glycemic control and self-management behaviors including diet, physical activity, blood glucose self-testing, foot care, and smoking (P < .05) but not with adherence to medication. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a positive association between patient activation level and enhanced glycemic control and self-management behaviors and suggest that patient activation-informed self-management interventions are more likely to yield promising health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Almutairi
- School of Health & Society, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Public Health Sector, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vinod Gopaldasani
- School of Health & Society, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Al Ayed MY, Ababneh A, Alwin Robert A, Ahmed R, Al Ghofaili I, Al Saeed A, Al Dawish MA. Factors Associated With Self-Efficacy of Foot Self-Care Among Patients With Diabetes Attending a Tertiary Care Center in Saudi Arabia. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2023:15347346221148820. [PMID: 36597574 DOI: 10.1177/15347346221148820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Several reports have shown self-efficacy to be a reliable way of predicting foot self-care behavior in patients with diabetes. However, at a global level in general, and in Saudi Arabia in particular, investigation of the factors related to self-efficacy in executing foot self-care continues to remain inadequate. This study endeavors to identify the factors associated with the self-efficacy of foot self-care among patients with diabetes in Saudi Arabia. From a tertiary diabetes care center in Saudi Arabia, 175 patients with diabetes were selected to participate in this cross-sectional study. Employing the Arabic version of the Foot Care Confidence Scale (FCCS), the principal end results and the sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial independent variables were collected and assessed. From the total reported FCCS score, the mean was found to be 28.1 ± 8.2. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated 2 independent factors were positively associated with a higher reported FCCS score; being middle-aged (< 60 years old) (β=0.31, P< .01) and having a higher score on the Foot Care Outcome Expectations Scale (FCOES) (β=0.36, P< .01). In conclusion, patients with diabetes in Saudi Arabia have a mild level of self-efficacy to perform the needed foot self-care. Therefore, this has turned the spotlight on the young or middle-aged < 60-year-old Saudi population with diabetes as the target group, making them the priority for future self-efficacy promotion programs to upgrade the level of foot self-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musab Yousef Al Ayed
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, 37853Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Ababneh
- Faculty of Nursing, 59177Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Asirvatham Alwin Robert
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, 37853Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Ahmed
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, 37853Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Al Ghofaili
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, 37853Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulghani Al Saeed
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, 37853Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abdulaziz Al Dawish
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, 37853Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Chang SJ, Kim HJ, Lee KE, Yang E. Factors Associated With Diabetes Self-Care Behaviors of People With Visual Impairment: A Cross-Sectional Study. Sci Diabetes Self Manag Care 2022; 48:324-335. [PMID: 35915583 DOI: 10.1177/26350106221116023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to examine the factors associated with diabetes self-care behaviors (DSCB) in people with visual impairment (PVI), including demographics, disease-related characteristics, and psychosocial factors (self-efficacy, depression, and family support). METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Adults with visual impairment and diabetes were recruited online and through posting notices, and a total of 141 participants were included. Measurements were completed using email and telephone surveys. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to examine the factors associated with DSCB. RESULTS Higher self-efficacy and positive family support were significant predictors of better DSCB, whereas higher negative family support was a significant predictor of worse DSCB. Diabetes medication regimen was another major influencing factor on DSCB. However, depression was not associated with DSCB. CONCLUSION Diabetes interventions for the visually impaired should have strategies to improve vulnerable areas of diabetes self-care, such as blood glucose monitoring. Health care providers are needed to consider diabetes education programs focused on improving self-efficacy or include family members in interventions to promote DSCB in PVI. Further studies are required to understand the problems and solutions for diabetes self-care in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ju Chang
- College of Nursing & the Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Jung Kim
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Eun Lee
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunjin Yang
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Alathari BE, Nyakotey DA, Bawah AM, Lovegrove JA, Annan RA, Ellahi B, Vimaleswaran KS. Interactions between Vitamin D Genetic Risk and Dietary Factors on Metabolic Disease-Related Outcomes in Ghanaian Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:2763. [PMID: 35807945 PMCID: PMC9269445 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ghanaian population is experiencing an upsurge in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) due to rapid urbanization. Besides dietary factors, vitamin D-related genetic determinants have also been shown to contribute to the development of obesity and T2D. Hence, we aimed to examine the interactions between dietary factors and vitamin D-related genetic variants on obesity and T2D related outcomes in a Ghanaian population. Three hundred and two healthy Ghanaian adults (25-60 years old) from Oforikrom, Municipality in Kumasi, Ghana were randomly recruited and had genetic tests, dietary consumption analysis, and anthropometric and biochemical measurements of glucose, HbA1c, insulin, cholesterol, and triglycerides taken. A significant interaction was identified between vitamin D-GRS and fiber intake (g/day) on BMI (pinteraction = 0.020) where those who were consuming low fiber (≤16.19 g/d) and carrying more than two risk alleles for vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.01) had a significantly higher BMI. In addition, an interaction between vitamin D-GRS and fat intake (g/day) on HbA1c (total fat, pinteraction = 0.029) was found, where participants who had a lower total fat intake (≤36.5 g/d), despite carrying more than two risk alleles, had significantly lower HbA1c (p = 0.049). In summary, our study has identified novel gene-diet interactions of vitamin D-GRS with dietary fiber and fat intakes on metabolic traits in Ghanaian adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buthaina E. Alathari
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (B.E.A.); (J.A.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, P.O. Box 14281, AlFaiha 72853, Kuwait
| | - David A. Nyakotey
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Accra Road, Kumasi GH233, Ghana; (D.A.N.); (A.-M.B.); (R.A.A.)
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Abdul-Malik Bawah
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Accra Road, Kumasi GH233, Ghana; (D.A.N.); (A.-M.B.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Julie A. Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (B.E.A.); (J.A.L.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Reginald A. Annan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Accra Road, Kumasi GH233, Ghana; (D.A.N.); (A.-M.B.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Basma Ellahi
- Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of Chester, Riverside Campus, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK;
| | - Karani S. Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (B.E.A.); (J.A.L.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK
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Al-Ma'aitah OH, Demant D, Jakimowicz S, Perry L. Glycaemic control and its associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes in the Middle East and North Africa: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs 2022; 78:2257-2276. [PMID: 35621355 PMCID: PMC9541219 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Aims To examine the patient‐related factors that have been linked to glycaemic control in people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Middle Eastern countries. Design A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Data Sources A computerized search was conducted using the databases MEDLINE (via PubMed and Ovid), EMBASE, Scopus and CINAHL to identify peer‐reviewed articles published in English between 1 January 2010 and 21 May 2020. On 28 June 2021, the search was updated with the same keywords and databases; however, no further relevant studies were identified. Review Methods Extracted data were analysed using Review Manager 5.4. Results The final sample consisted of 54 articles with a total of 41,079 participants. Pooled data showed an increased risk of inadequate glycaemic control in smokers [OR = 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05, 1.52; p = .010], obese patients (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.54; p = .002), patients with elevated waist to hip ratio (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.26; p = .004) and longer disease duration (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.64, 2.48; p < .001). A lower risk of inadequate control was associated with physical activity (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.67; p < .001) and self‐management (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.82; p = .006). Conclusion These findings highlight the opportunity to address factors to improve glycaemic control. Further longitudinal studies are required to better understand these variations, to assess all predictors of glycaemic control in participants with type 2 diabetes, and to provide a strong basis for future measures to optimize glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odai Hamed Al-Ma'aitah
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel Demant
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Samantha Jakimowicz
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lin Perry
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia.,Prince of Wales Hospital, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
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Aljahdali AA, Bawazeer NM. Dietary patterns among Saudis with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Riyadh: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267977. [PMID: 35511886 PMCID: PMC9070904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated dietary patterns and their associations with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors in Saudi adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 297 participants (154 men and 143 women) with a mean age (standard deviation) of 54.0 (7.0) years were enrolled in the current study. Self-reported information on sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, eating behavior, and frequency of consumption was collected from all participants. Principal component analysis was used to determine dietary patterns. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine the associations between dietary patterns and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. We identified five dietary patterns: "Vegetables and olive oil," "Refined grains and sweets," "Dairy products and legumes," "Dates and beverages," and "Fruit." Age was inversely associated with the pattern "Refined grains and sweets" (β = -0.036, p <0.001). Females were more likely to have higher scores with the "Fruit" pattern (β = 0.410, p = 0.011). Smoking was associated with "Vegetables and olive oil" (β = 0.919, p = 0.001) and "Dates and beverages" (β = -0.947, p = 0.001) patterns. The level of physical activity was associated with "Dates and beverages" (β = 0.104, p = 0.048) and "Vegetables and olive oil" (β = -0.102, p = 0.048) patterns. The number of snacks consumed was associated with "Dates and beverages" pattern (β = -0.241, p = 0.005), and the frequency of meals eaten in fast food locations and restaurants per month was associated with "Vegetables and olive oil" pattern (β = -0.043, p = 0.034). Each dietary pattern was associated with different sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and eating behaviors. This study provides insights into the underlying nutritional habits of Saudi Arabian patients with T2DM. Future studies are necessary to assess these associations in representative samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Ali Aljahdali
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Nahla Mohammed Bawazeer
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Program, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Polenick CA, Lei L, Zhou AN, Birditt KS, Maust DT. Caregiver status and illness self-efficacy during the COVID-19 pandemic among older adults with chronic conditions. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:563-569. [PMID: 33749447 PMCID: PMC8455715 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1901260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Older adults providing unpaid care to a relative or friend during the COVID-19 pandemic may have diminished self-efficacy in managing their own chronic illness, especially in the context of more complex self-management. We evaluated whether adults aged 50 and older with caregiving roles are more likely to report reduced illness self-efficacy since the pandemic, and whether this link is exacerbated by a higher number of conditions. METHODS Participants (105 caregivers and 590 noncaregivers) residing in Michigan (82.6%) and 33 other U.S. states completed one online survey between May 14 and July 9, 2020. RESULTS Controlling for sociodemographic and health characteristics, stressors related to COVID-19, and behavioral and psychosocial changes since the pandemic, caregivers were more likely than noncaregivers to report reduced illness self-efficacy when they had a higher number of chronic conditions. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the importance of maintaining caregivers' self-care during the COVID-19 pandemic and in future public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A. Polenick
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104,Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Lianlian Lei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Annie N. Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kira S. Birditt
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104
| | - Donovan T. Maust
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Alsuliman MA, Alotaibi SA, Zhang Q, Durgampudi PK. A systematic review of factors associated with uncontrolled diabetes and meta-analysis of its prevalence in Saudi Arabia since 2006. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2021; 37:e3395. [PMID: 33448636 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to systematically review the literature for risk factors associated with poor glycaemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Saudi Arabia (SA) and conducts a meta-analysis of its prevalence. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, we searched the Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL Plus databases from May to November 2018. The search terms were T2DM, glycaemic control, and SA. The inclusion criteria include the following: observational studies which were conducted in T2DM patients in SA reporting prevalence or/and personal, psychological or behavioural predictors in papers published after 2006. Articles were assessed using a modified Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) tool. Studies included in the meta-analysis defined uncontrolled T2DM as glycated haemoglobin ≥7% (53 mmol/mol), and reported results were based on a random-effects model. Eighteen of the following articles (3 retrospective cohort studies, 1 case-control study, and 14 cross-sectional studies) were included. The quality of the studies (high: 2; moderate: 7, and low: 9) varied. The pooled prevalence of uncontrolled T2DM in SA was 77.7% (95% CI, 71.2-84.2). In the included studies, the most consistent predictors of poor glycaemic control were longer diabetes duration, lack of self-efficacy, and low knowledge of diabetes. However, significant variations in research designs were observed across the studies. A national diabetes prevention and treatment program is needed to lessen the burden of diabetes in SA. Future studies should address the personal, psychological, and behavioural factors of poor glycaemic control in SA at national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Alsuliman
- School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad A Alotaibi
- School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Department of Human Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Praveen K Durgampudi
- School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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Chen Z, Zhang C, Fan G. Interrelationship between Interpersonal Interaction Intensity and Health Self-Efficacy in People with Diabetes or Prediabetes on Online Diabetes Social Platforms: An In-Depth Survey in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155375. [PMID: 32722561 PMCID: PMC7432193 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The peer interaction-based online model has been influential in the recent development of diabetes management. This model "extends and innovates" the traditional mode of doctor-patient guidance, transforming it into a mode in which both doctor-patient guidance and patient-patient interaction coexist; this new mode has the added advantage of offering "extended continual intervention." This study contributes to research on extending diabetes management models by investigating how patients with diabetes or prediabetes interact in online health communities, focusing on the interrelationship between self-efficacy characteristics and online participation during patient-patient interactions. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants with diabetes of various severities completed an electronic questionnaire, which was formulated with a revised classical scale. The questionnaire was disseminated through diabetes online health communities. Its content covered the respondent's general condition, self-evaluation of their self-efficacy, and participation in online health communities, specifically with respect to factors such as the time spent in online information each day, the number of groups joined, and the extent of interaction in diabetes online health communities, etc. The main observation indicators were the participants' self-efficacy, their extent of online participation, and the characteristics of online health communities. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, linear trend estimation, and ordinal logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between the three indicators. Results: The self-efficacy scores ( x ¯ ± s) were 51.9 ± 9.12, and 59.1% of interviewed participants had self-efficacy scores greater than the mean. Overall, most participants (96%) considered online diabetes social platforms to be helpful. Groups differed with respect to interaction mode, which indicated that people with high self-efficacy tend to employ various modes of interaction. Participants with high self-efficacy were also more likely to live in cities (p < 0.05) and be married (p < 0.05) and tended to spend more time paying attention to group information (p < 0.05), spend more time viewing group information (p < 0.05), and have a greater degree of interaction with group members (p < 0.05). Information sources for the different grades of participants was primarily obtained from social media. Conclusion: Among people with diabetes, the frequency and intensity of online interaction might positively affect self-efficacy and, by implication, diabetes self-management. Diabetics with high self-efficacy also tend to have positive online interaction and adopt different ways of interaction. In addition, the diabetes information sources of the respondents mainly come from social networks, most of the respondents think that online social networking sites have a positive impact on diabetes self-management, which shows that social network plays an important role in diabetes information source of diabetics. However, the design of online health communities has room for improvement, specifically with respect to the provision of information that patients require. As an interesting side note, among people with diabetes or prediabetes, those who lived in urban area and were married, those who paid more attention to group information, and those who actively participated in interactions tended to have relatively high self-efficacy. The results suggest that people with diabetes have higher-quality self-care when they engage in online health community interactions; such benefits cannot be obtained from treatment in a hospital. In general, enhanced self-efficacy in people with diabetes enables them to more readily acquire diabetes-related knowledge. Online interaction with diabetics, who has the same experience, can not only get more information, but also have a sense of identity and belonging, which enhances self-efficacy and further urges them to actively participate in online interaction. Therefore, online health communities are an important supplement to the clinical treatment of diabetes mellitus and clinicians can take advantage of the educational function of online diabetes groups in their provision of tailored diabetes interventions and take into account the factors that affect the self-efficacy of diabetics (including the frequency and intensity of online interaction, age, marital status, residential area, etc.), to provide tailored diabetes interventions for diabetics. Such a use of online diabetes groups can strengthen diabetes self-management.
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Alhaiti AH, Senitan M, Dator WLT, Sankarapandian C, Baghdadi NA, JONES LK, Da Costa C, Lenon GB. Adherence of Type 2 Diabetic Patients to Self-Care Activity: Tertiary Care Setting in Saudi Arabia. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:4817637. [PMID: 33083495 PMCID: PMC7559229 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4817637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To analyse the prevalence of self-care practices in T2D patients in KSA. METHODS The study was conducted in King Fahad Medical City (KFMC) in Saudi Arabia, and 385 patients were selected as samples. Data were collected using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities-Arabic (SDSCA) and consisted of 14 items related to self-care activities of T2D patients related to management and control of disease and four other aspects related to education and advice from healthcare members regarding management of T2D. RESULTS The self-care attributes including adherence to medication commitment activities (M = 6.13, SD = 1.25) were the most practised of all the domains. Glucose monitoring (M = 4.15, SD = 2.42) and foot care (M = 3.28, SD = 1.69) were at an average level, and adherence to the diet plan and exercise was found to be at a poor level (M = 2.57, SD = 1.73 and M = 2.13, SD = 2.00) respectively. About 179 patients (74.3%) were found to be advised to follow a low-fat eating plan, and only 89 patients (36.9%) had received information concerning fruits and vegetables in their diet. More than 90% patients were found to be advised to strictly carry out exercise and blood sugar monitoring. CONCLUSION It was found that adherence to self-care activities including diet, exercise, and foot care was relatively poor while intake of medication was strictly followed. The education provided by healthcare providers related to self-management attributes was found to be significant and had positive effects on the overall health and well-being of T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Senitan
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wireen Leila T. Dator
- College of Nursing, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Cliff Da Costa
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - George Binh Lenon
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Victoria 3083, Australia
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