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Cichy A, Stanicka A, Żbikowska E. Each coin has 2 sides: a positive role of alien Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Grey, 1843) snails in reducing the infection of native lymnaeids with trematodes. Curr Zool 2024; 70:262-269. [PMID: 38726247 PMCID: PMC11078042 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The change in the distribution of organisms in freshwater ecosystems due to natural or manmade processes raises the question of the impact of alien species on local communities. Although most studies indicate a negative effect, the positive one is more difficult to discern, especially in multispecies systems, including hosts and parasites. The purpose of the study was to check whether the presence of an alien host, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, reduces the intensity of Echinoparyphium aconiatum metacercariae in a native host, Radix spp. We additionally tested the impact of water temperature and the biomass of the alien host on the dilution effect. We experimentally studied (1) the lifespan of echinostome cercariae in different temperatures, (2) the infectivity of cercariae toward the alien host and native host, and (3) the impact of different biomass of the alien host on the intensity of metacercariae in the native host. We found that cercarial survival and infectivity were temperature dependent. However, cercarial survival decreased with increasing temperature, contrary to cercarial infectivity. Echinostome cercariae entered the renal cavity of both the native host and alien host, and successfully transformed into metacercariae. The number of metacercariae in the native host decreased with the increasing biomass of the alien host. Our results indicate that lymnaeids may benefit from the co-occurrence with P. antipodarum, as the presence of additional hosts of different origins may reduce the prevalence of parasites in native communities. However, the scale of the dilution effect depends not only on the increased spectrum of susceptible hosts but also on the other variables of the environment, including water temperature and host density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cichy
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Stanicka
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Żbikowska
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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2
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Davidovich N, Yasur-Landau D, Behar A, Pretto T, Scholz T. Invasive parasites and global change: Evidence for the recent and rapid spillover of a potential pathogen of tilapias with a complex, three-host life cycle. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18831. [PMID: 37674833 PMCID: PMC10477445 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions pose a serious threat to local flora and fauna and have negative impacts on ecosystems. Invasive parasites can also cause severe losses in aquaculture. In this article, we provide evidence of the recent spillover of an African parasite with a complex, three-host life cycle that has rapidly and successfully established itself in the Middle East, most likely due to the recent migration of its final hosts (great cormorant) from Africa. This case of parasite introduction into a country with intensive aquaculture is also important from an economic point of view, since large (up to 2 cm long) larvae of this parasite, the cyclophyllidean tapeworm Amirthalingamia macracantha (Cestoda) localised in the liver, can be pathogenic to their fish hosts, including farmed and wild fish, as shown by our histopathological examination of heavily infected fish. Since its first detection in Israel in November 2020, the parasite has spread rapidly and is currently found in both migratory (great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo) and non-migratory birds (pygmy cormorant, Microcarbo pygmaeus), as well as in fish intermediate hosts, including farmed tilapia in several farms in Israel and wild cichlids. There are numerous examples of the spillover of introduced parasites, including those that parasitise fish of commercial importance, but have a direct life cycle or use only a single intermediate host. Tilapines are the second most important group of farmed fish in the world after carps and are produced mainly in Southeast Asia, Central and South America. The global spread of great cormorants and the early evidence that pygmy cormorant may also harbour A. macracantha pose the risk of further spread of this invasive parasite to other countries and areas. In addition, global warming and reductions in foraging and resting areas near these waters may allow the parasite to complete its life cycle in new hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Davidovich
- Israeli Veterinary Services and Animal Health, Fish Health, Bet Dagan, 5025001, Israel
| | - Daniel Yasur-Landau
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Division of Parasitology, Bet Dagan, 5025001, Israel
| | - Adi Behar
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Division of Parasitology, Bet Dagan, 5025001, Israel
| | - Tobia Pretto
- Pretto, Tobia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Tomáš Scholz
- Scholz, Tomáš, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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3
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Wagener C, du Plessis M, Measey J. Invasive Amphibian Gut Microbiota and Functions Shift Differentially in an Expanding Population but Remain Conserved Across Established Populations. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 84:1042-1054. [PMID: 34735604 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01896-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Studies of laboratory animals demonstrate extensive variation of host gut microbiomes and their functional capabilities across populations, but how does anthropogenic change impact the microbiomes of non-model species? The anthropogenic movement of species to novel environments can drastically alter animals' microbiomes; however, factors that shape invasive species gut microbiota during introduction remain relatively unexplored. Through 16S amplicon sequencing on guttural toad (Sclerophrys gutturalis) faecal samples, we determine that residence time does not impact microbiome variation between source and introduced populations. The youngest population (~ 20 years in Cape Town) has the most distinct microbiome and associated functional capabilities, whereas longer residence times (~ 100 years in Réunion and Mauritius) produce less divergent microbial compositional, phylogenetic, and predicted functional diversity and differential abundance from source populations (Durban). Additionally, we show extensive variation of microbial and functional diversity, as well as differential abundance patterns in an expanding introduced population (Cape Town) between core and periphery sites. Contrasting previous studies, we suggest that introduction pathways might be an important factor impacting host microbial divergence. These findings also imply that the microbiome can diverge in accordance with host population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Wagener
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - Morne du Plessis
- Zoological Research, Foundational Research and Services, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - John Measey
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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4
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Okamura B, Gruhl A, De Baets K. Evolutionary transitions of parasites between freshwater and marine environments. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:345-356. [PMID: 35604852 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary transitions of organisms between environments have long fascinated biologists but attention has focused almost exclusively on free-living organisms and challenges to achieve such transitions. This bias requires addressing because parasites are a major component of biodiversity. We address this imbalance by focusing on transitions of parasitic animals between marine and freshwater environments. We highlight parasite traits and processes that may influence transition likelihood (e.g. transmission mode, life cycle, host use), and consider mechanisms and directions of transitions. Evidence for transitions in deep time and at present are described, and transitions in our changing world are considered. We propose that environmental transitions may be facilitated for endoparasites because hosts reduce exposure to physiologically challenging environments and argue that adoption of an endoparasitic lifestyle entails an equivalent transitioning process as organisms switch from living in one environment (e.g. freshwater, seawater, or air) to living symbiotically within hosts. Environmental transitions of parasites have repeatedly resulted in novel forms and diversification, contributing to the tree of life. Recognising the potential processes underlying present-day and future environmental transitions is crucial in view of our changing world and the current biodiversity crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Okamura
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kenneth De Baets
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
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5
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Cheng C, Holyoak M, Xu L, Li J, Liu W, Stenseth NC, Zhang Z. Host and geographic barriers shape the competition, coexistence, and extinction patterns of influenza A (H1N1) viruses. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8732. [PMID: 35356566 PMCID: PMC8938227 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza virus mutates and spreads rapidly, making it suitable for studying evolutionary and ecological processes. The ecological factors and processes by which different lineages of influenza compete or coexist within hosts through time and across geographical space are poorly known. We hypothesized that competition would be stronger for influenza viruses infecting the same host compared to different hosts (the Host Barrier Hypothesis), and for those with a higher cross‐region transmission intensity (the Geographic Barrier Hypothesis). Using available sequences of the influenza A (H1N1) virus in GenBank, we identified six lineages, twelve clades, and several replacement events. We found that human‐hosted lineages had a higher cross‐region transmission intensity than swine‐hosted lineages. Co‐occurrence probabilities of lineages infecting the same host were lower than those infecting different hosts, and human‐hosted lineages had lower co‐occurrence probabilities and genetic diversity than swine‐hosted lineages. These results show that H1N1 lineages infecting the same host or with high cross‐region transmission rates experienced stronger competition and extinction pressures than those infecting different hosts or with low cross‐region transmission. Our study highlights how host and geographic barriers shape the competition, extinction, and coexistence patterns of H1N1 lineages and clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management on Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Marcel Holyoak
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California Davis California USA
| | - Lei Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Savaid Medical School University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Savaid Medical School University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Nils Chr. Stenseth
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES) Department of Biosciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management on Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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6
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Pike CL, Ramirez IE, Anchundia DJ, Fessl B, Heimpel GE, Causton CE. Behavior of the Avian Parasite Philornis downsi (Diptera: Muscidae) in and Near Host Nests in the Galapagos Islands. JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR 2021; 34:296-311. [PMID: 35153376 PMCID: PMC8813692 DOI: 10.1007/s10905-021-09789-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The Avian Vampire Fly, Philornis downsi, has invaded the Galapagos Islands, where it causes high mortality of endemic and native landbird species, including most species of Darwin's finches. Control methods are under development, but key information is missing about the reproductive biology of P. downsi and the behavior of flies in and near nests of their hosts. We used external and internal nest cameras to record the behavior of P. downsi adults within and outside nests of the Galapagos Flycatcher, Myiarchus magnirostris, throughout all stages of the nesting cycle. These recordings showed that P. downsi visited flycatcher nests throughout the day with higher fly activity during the nestling phase during vespertine hours. The observations also revealed that multiple P. downsi individuals can visit nests concurrently, and that there are some interactions among these flies within the nest. Fly visitation to nests occurred significantly more often while parent birds were away from the nest than in the nest, and this timing appears to be a strategy to avoid predation by parent birds. We report fly mating behavior outside the nest but not in the nest cavity. We discuss the relevance of these findings for the adaptive forces shaping P. downsi life history strategies as well as rearing and control measures. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10905-021-09789-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L. Pike
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz Ecuador
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Vienna Austria
| | | | - David J. Anchundia
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz Ecuador
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Vienna Austria
| | - Birgit Fessl
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz Ecuador
| | | | - Charlotte E. Causton
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz Ecuador
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7
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Towards a more healthy conservation paradigm: integrating disease and molecular ecology to aid biological conservation †. J Genet 2021. [PMID: 33622992 PMCID: PMC7371965 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-020-01225-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parasites, and the diseases they cause, are important from an ecological and evolutionary perspective because they can negatively affect host fitness and can regulate host populations. Consequently, conservation biology has long recognized the vital role that parasites can play in the process of species endangerment and recovery. However, we are only beginning to understand how deeply parasites are embedded in ecological systems, and there is a growing recognition of the important ways in which parasites affect ecosystem structure and function. Thus, there is an urgent need to revisit how parasites are viewed from a conservation perspective and broaden the role that disease ecology plays in conservation-related research and outcomes. This review broadly focusses on the role that disease ecology can play in biological conservation. Our review specifically emphasizes on how the integration of tools and analytical approaches associated with both disease and molecular ecology can be leveraged to aid conservation biology. Our review first concentrates on disease-mediated extinctions and wildlife epidemics. We then focus on elucidating how host–parasite interactions has improved our understanding of the eco-evolutionary dynamics affecting hosts at the individual, population, community and ecosystem scales. We believe that the role of parasites as drivers and indicators of ecosystem health is especially an exciting area of research that has the potential to fundamentally alter our view of parasites and their role in biological conservation. The review concludes with a broad overview of the current and potential applications of modern genomic tools in disease ecology to aid biological conservation.
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8
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Cucco M, Alessandria G, Bissacco M, Carpegna F, Fasola M, Gagliardi A, Gola L, Volponi S, Pellegrino I. The spreading of the invasive sacred ibis in Italy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:86. [PMID: 33420080 PMCID: PMC7794294 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79137-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The spreading of invasive species in new continents can vary from slow and limited diffusion to fast colonisations over vast new areas. We studied the sacred ibis Threskiornis aethiopicus along a 31-year period, from 1989 to 2019, with particular attention to the first area of release in NW Italy. We collected data on species distribution through observations by citizen science projects, population density by transects with distance method, breeding censuses at colonies, and post breeding censuses at roosts. The birds counted at winter roosts in NW Italy increased from a few tens up to 10,880 individuals in 2019. Sacred ibises started breeding in 1989, with a single nest in north-western Italy. The number of breeders remained very low until 2006, when both overwintering and breeding sacred ibises started to increase exponentially and expand their range throughout northern Italy with isolated breeding cases in central Italy. In 2019, the number of nests had increased to 1249 nests in 31 colonies. In NW Italy, the density of foraging birds averaged 3.9 ind./km2 in winter and 1.5 ind./km2 in the breeding period, with a mean size of the foraging groups of 8.9 and 2.1 birds respectively. Direct field observations and species distribution models (SDM) showed that foraging habitats were mainly rice fields and wetlands. A SDM applied to the whole Italian peninsula plus Sardinia and Sicily showed that the variables best related to the SDM were land class (rice fields and wetlands), altitude, and the temperature seasonality. The areas favourable for species expansion encompass all the plains of Northern Italy, and several areas of Tuscany, Latium, Sardinia, and Apulia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cucco
- University of Piemonte Orientale, DISIT, viale Michel 11, 15100, Alessandria, Italy.
| | | | - Marta Bissacco
- University of Piemonte Orientale, DISIT, viale Michel 11, 15100, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Franco Carpegna
- GPSO, Museo di Storia Naturale, 12022, Carmagnola, TO, Italy
| | - Mauro Fasola
- University of Pavia, DEES, via Ferrata 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Laura Gola
- Parco del Po, piazza Giovanni XXIII 6, 15048, Valenza, AL, Italy
| | - Stefano Volponi
- ISPRA, via Ca' Fornacetta 9, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Irene Pellegrino
- University of Piemonte Orientale, DISIT, viale Michel 11, 15100, Alessandria, Italy
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9
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Hidden invasion and niche contraction revealed by herbaria specimens in the fungal complex causing oak powdery mildew in Europe. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDeciphering the dynamics involved in past microbial invasions has proven difficult due to the inconspicuous nature of microbes and their still poorly known diversity and biogeography. Here we focus on powdery mildew, a common disease of oaks which emerged in Europe at the beginning of the twentieth century and for which three closely related Erysiphe species are mainly involved. The study of herbaria samples combined with an experimental approach of interactions between Erysiphe species led us to revisit the history of this multiple invasion. Contrary to what was previously thought, herbaria sample analyses very strongly suggested that the currently dominant species, E. alphitoides, was not the species which caused the first outbreaks and was described as a new species at that time. Instead, E. quercicola was shown to be present since the early dates of disease reports and to be widespread all over Europe in the beginning of the twentieth century. E. alphitoides spread and became progressively dominant during the second half of the twentieth century while E. quercicola was constrained to the southern part of its initial range, corresponding to its current distribution. A competition experiment provided a potential explanation of this over-invasion by demonstrating that E. alphitoides had a slight advantage over E. quercicola by its ability to infect leaves during a longer period during shoot development. Our study is exemplary of invasions with complexes of functionally similar species, emphasizing that subtle differences in the biology of the species, rather than strong competitive effects may explain patterns of over-invasion and niche contraction.
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11
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Paap T, Wingfield MJ, Burgess TI, Hulbert JM, Santini A. Harmonising the fields of invasion science and forest pathology. NEOBIOTA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.62.52991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Invasive alien species are widely recognised as significant drivers of global environmental change, with far reaching ecological and socio-economic impacts. The trend of continuous increases in first records, with no apparent sign of saturation, is consistent across all taxonomic groups. However, taxonomic biases exist in the extent to which invasion processes have been studied. Invasive forest pathogens have caused, and they continue to result in dramatic damage to natural forests and woody ecosystems, yet their impacts are substantially underrepresented in the invasion science literature. Conversely, most studies of forest pathogens have been undertaken in the absence of a connection to the frameworks developed and used to study biological invasions. We believe this is, in part, a consequence of the mechanistic approach of the discipline of forest pathology; one that has been inherited from the broader discipline of plant pathology. Rather than investigating the origins of, and the processes driving the arrival of invasive microorganisms, the focus of pathologists is generally to investigate specific interactions between hosts and pathogens, with an emphasis on controlling the resulting disease problems. In contrast, central to the field of invasion science, which finds its roots in ecology, is the development and testing of general concepts and frameworks. The lack of knowledge of microbial biodiversity and ecology, speciation and geographic origin present challenges in understanding invasive forest pathogens under existing frameworks, and there is a need to address this shortfall. Advances in molecular technologies such as gene and genome sequencing and metagenomics studies have increased the “visibility” of microorganisms. We consider whether these technologies are being adequately applied to address the gaps between forest pathology and invasion science. We also interrogate the extent to which the two fields stand to gain by becoming more closely linked.
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12
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Association between temporal patterns in helminth assemblages and successful range expansion of exotic Mus musculus domesticus in Senegal. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Trypanosomatids Detected in the Invasive Avian Parasite Philornis downsi (Diptera: Muscidae) in the Galapagos Islands. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11070422. [PMID: 32659927 PMCID: PMC7411904 DOI: 10.3390/insects11070422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alien insect species may present a multifaceted threat to ecosystems into which they are introduced. In addition to the direct damage they may cause, they may also bring novel diseases and parasites and/or have the capacity to vector microorganisms that are already established in the ecosystem and are causing harm. Damage caused by ectoparasitic larvae of the invasive fly, Philornisdownsi (Dodge and Aitken) to nestlings of endemic birds in the Galapagos Islands is well documented, but nothing is known about whether this fly is itself associated with parasites or pathogens. In this study, diagnostic molecular methods indicated the presence of insect trypanosomatids in P. downsi; to our knowledge, this is the first record of insect trypanosomatids associated with Philornis species. Phylogenetic estimates and evolutionary distances indicate these species are most closely related to the Crithidia and Blastocrithidia genera, which are not currently reported in the Galapagos Islands. The prevalence of trypanosomatids indicates either P. downsi arrived with its own parasites or that it is a highly suitable host for trypanosomatids already found in the Galapagos Islands, or both. We recommend further studies to determine the origin of the trypanosomatid infections to better evaluate threats to endemic fauna of the Galapagos Islands.
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14
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Lohr JN, Haag CR. Parasite-driven replacement of a sexual by a closely related asexual taxon in nature. Ecology 2020; 101:e03105. [PMID: 32452541 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Asexual species are thought to suffer more from coevolving parasites than related sexuals. Yet a variety of studies do not find the patterns predicted by theory. Here, to shine light on this conundrum, we investigate one such case of an asexual advantage in the presence of parasites. We follow the frequency dynamics of sexual and asexual Daphnia pulex in a natural pond that was initially dominated by sexuals. Coinciding with an epidemic of a microsporidian parasite infecting both sexuals and asexuals, the pond was rapidly taken over by the initially rare asexuals. With experiments comparing multiple sexual and asexual clones from across the local metapopulation, we confirm that asexuals are less susceptible and also suffer less from the parasite once infected. These results are consistent with the parasite-driven, ecological replacement of dominant sexuals by closely related, but more resistant asexuals, ultimately leading to the extinction of the formerly superior sexual competitor. Our study is one of the clearest examples from nature, backed up by experimental verification, showing a parasite-mediated reversal of competition dynamics. The experiments show that, across the metapopulation, asexuals have an advantage in the presence of parasites. In this metapopulation, asexuals are relatively rare, likely due to their recent invasion. While we cannot rule out other reasons for the observed patterns, the results are consistent with a temporary parasite-mediated advantage of asexuals due to the fact that they are rare, which is an underappreciated aspect of the Red Queen Hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Lohr
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Tvärminne Zoological Station, J.A. Palménin tie 260, 10900, Hanko, Finland.,Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Institute of Healthy Ageing, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph R Haag
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Tvärminne Zoological Station, J.A. Palménin tie 260, 10900, Hanko, Finland.,CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, 1919, route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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15
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Schoeman AL, Joubert TL, du Preez LH, Svitin R. Xenopus laevis as UberXL for nematodes. AFRICAN ZOOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2019.1681295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anneke L Schoeman
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Tracy-Lee Joubert
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Louis H du Preez
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Roman Svitin
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa
- Department of Invertebrate Fauna and Systematics, II Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, Kyiv, Ukraine
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16
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Repeated reduction in parasite diversity in invasive populations of Xenopus laevis: a global experiment in enemy release. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1902-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Robinson CV, Garcia de Leaniz C, James J, Cable J, Orozco‐terWengel P, Consuegra S. Genetic diversity and parasite facilitated establishment of the invasive signal crayfish ( Pacifastacus leniusculus) in Great Britain. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:9181-9191. [PMID: 30377493 PMCID: PMC6194297 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful establishment of non-native species is strongly influenced, among other factors, by the genetic variation of founding populations, which can be enhanced by multiple introductions through admixture. Coexisting pathogens can also facilitate the establishment of non-native species by detrimentally impacting on the native fauna acting as novel weapons. The signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) is a highly invasive species, which has caused mass declines of native crayfish in Europe through displacement and transmission of the oomycete Aphanomyces astaci (crayfish plague), which is typically lethal to native European crayfish. However, whether Aphanomyces astaci may have facilitated the invasion of the signal crayfish is not known. We estimated the genetic diversity at microsatellite DNA loci, effective population size, and potential origins of seven infected and noninfected signal crayfish populations in Europe and one founder population in North America. Approximate Bayesian computation analysis and population structuring suggested multiple host introductions from diverse source populations, as well as higher heterozygosity among infected than uninfected populations, which could reflect a fitness advantage. Low effective population size, moderate heterozygosity, and lack of isolation by distance suggest that some invasive signal crayfish populations may not be fully established or that their genetic diversity may have been reduced by eradication attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joanna James
- Cardiff UniversityCardiffWalesUK
- Environment AgencyBramptonUK
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18
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Mendoza-Franco EF, Caspeta-Mandujano JM, Osorio MT. Ecto- and endo-parasitic monogeneans (Platyhelminthes) on cultured freshwater exotic fish species in the state of Morelos, South-Central Mexico. Zookeys 2018:1-12. [PMID: 30100781 PMCID: PMC6072834 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.776.26149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
An extensive parasitological study of 365 freshwater exotic fish specimens belonging to 13 species of seven families (Cichlidae, Cyprinidae, Osphronemidae, Pangasidae, Poeciliidae, Characidae, and Loricariidae) collected from 31 Aquaculture Production Units (APU) from Central Mexico revealed the occurrence of 29 ecto- and endo-parasitic monogeneans found on gills and stomachs: Cichlidogyrussclerosus, C.thurstonae, C.tilapiae, Cichlidogyrus sp. 1, Cichlidogyrus sp. 2, Enterogyruscoronatus, E.malmbergi, Gusseviaspiralocirra, Sciadicleithrumiphthimum, Sciadicleithrum sp., Scutogyruslongicornis (all Dactylogyridae), Gyrodactyluscichlidarum, and G.yacatli (Gyrodactylidae) on Oreochromisniloticus, Pterophyllumscalare and Hemichromis sp. (Cichlidae); Dactylogyrusbaueri, D.formosus, D.intermedius, D.vastator, D.extensus, Dactylogyrus sp. (all Dactylogyridae), and G.kobayashii on Carassiusauratus, Cyprinuscarpio and Ctenopharyngodonidella (Cyprinidae); Trianchoratusacleithrium and T.trichogasterium (Dactylogyridae) on Trichogastertrichopterus (Osphronemidae); Thaparocleiduscaecus, T.siamensis (Dactylogyridae), and Dactylogyridae sp. on Pangasianodonhypophthalmus (Pangasidae); G.poeciliae on Poeciliareticulata (Poeciliidae); Diaphorocleidusarmillatus (Dactylogyridae) on Gymnocorymbusternetzy (Characidae); Unilatusunilatus (Dactylogyridae) and Gyrodactylidae sp. on Hypostomus sp. (Loricariidae). The paramount importance of the establishment of these monogeneans due to the importation/exportation of non-native ornamental and other exotic host fish species cultured for food in Mexico is briefly discussed. Quarantine is recommended for all transferred host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar F Mendoza-Franco
- Instituto de Ecología, Pesquerías y Oceanografía del Golfo de México (EPOMEX), Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Campeche, México Universidad Autónoma de Campeche Campeche Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Caspeta-Mandujano
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Morelos Mexico
| | - Marina Tapia Osorio
- Centro Nacional de Servicios de Constatación en Salud Animal Jiutepec, Morelos, México Centro Nacional de Servicios de Constatación en Salud Animal Jiutepec Morelos Mexico
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19
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Marzal A, Møller AP, Espinoza K, Morales S, Luján-Vega C, Cárdenas-Callirgos JM, Mendo L, Álvarez-Barrientos A, González-Blázquez M, García-Longoria L, de Lope F, Mendoza C, Iannacone J, Magallanes S. Variation in malaria infection and immune defence in invasive and endemic house sparrows. Anim Conserv 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Marzal
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology and Zoology; University of Extremadura; Badajoz Spain
| | - A. P. Møller
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution; Université Paris-Sud; CNRS; AgroParisTech; Université Paris-Saclay; Orsay Cedex France
| | - K. Espinoza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Universidad Científica del Sur; Villa Peru
| | - S. Morales
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Universidad Científica del Sur; Villa Peru
- Department of Animal and Public Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; San Borja Peru
| | - C. Luján-Vega
- Global Health Initiative; Wabash College; Crawfordsville Indiana USA
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Group; University of California; Davis USA
| | | | - L. Mendo
- Área de Gestión de fauna Silvestre; Autoridad Regional Ambiental; Gobierno Regional de San Martín; Tarapoto Perú
| | - A. Álvarez-Barrientos
- Servicio de Técnicas Aplicadas a las Biociencias; Universidad de Extremadura; Badajoz Spain
| | - M. González-Blázquez
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology and Zoology; University of Extremadura; Badajoz Spain
| | - L. García-Longoria
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology and Zoology; University of Extremadura; Badajoz Spain
| | - F. de Lope
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology and Zoology; University of Extremadura; Badajoz Spain
| | - C. Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínico Moraleslab SAC; Morales San Martín Perú
| | - J. Iannacone
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Biodiversidad Animal; Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal; El Agustino; Lima Perú
- Laboratorio de Parasitología; Universidad Ricardo Palma; Santiago de Surco; Lima Perú
| | - S. Magallanes
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology and Zoology; University of Extremadura; Badajoz Spain
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Costa APL, Takemoto RM, Vitule JRS. Metazoan parasites of Micropterus salmoides (Lacépède 1802) (Perciformes, Centrarchidae): a review with evidences of spillover and spillback. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:1671-1681. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Meeus I, Pisman M, Smagghe G, Piot N. Interaction effects of different drivers of wild bee decline and their influence on host-pathogen dynamics. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 26:136-141. [PMID: 29764653 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Wild bee decline is a multi-factorial problem, yet it is crucial to understand the impact of a single driver. Hereto the interaction effects of wild bee decline with multiple natural and anthropogenic stressors need to be clear. This is also true for the driver 'pathogens', as stressor induced disturbances of natural host-pathogen dynamics can unbalance settled virulence equilibria. Invasive species, bee domestication, habitat loss, climate changes and insecticides are recognized drivers of wild bee decline, but all influence host-pathogen dynamics as well. Many wild bee pathogens have multiple hosts, which relaxes the host-density limitation of virulence evolution. In conclusion, disturbances of bee-pathogen dynamics can be compared to a game of Russian roulette.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Meeus
- Department of Crop Protection, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Matti Pisman
- Department of Crop Protection, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Crop Protection, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niels Piot
- Department of Crop Protection, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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22
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Fessl B, Heimpel GE, Causton CE. Invasion of an Avian Nest Parasite, Philornis downsi, to the Galapagos Islands: Colonization History, Adaptations to Novel Ecosystems, and Conservation Challenges. DISEASE ECOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-65909-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Lagrue C. Impacts of crustacean invasions on parasite dynamics in aquatic ecosystems: A plea for parasite-focused studies. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2017; 6:364-374. [PMID: 30951574 PMCID: PMC5715223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
While there is considerable interest in, and good evidence for, the role that parasites play in biological invasions, the potential parallel effects of species introduction on parasite dynamics have clearly received less attention. Indeed, much effort has been focused on how parasites can facilitate or limit invasions, and positively or negatively impact native host species and recipient communities. Contrastingly, the potential consequences of biological invasions for the diversity and dynamics of both native and introduced parasites have been and are still mainly overlooked, although successful invasion by non-native host species may have large, contrasting and unpredictable effects on parasites. This review looks at the links between biological invasions and pathogens, and particularly at crustacean invasions in aquatic ecosystems and their potential effects on native and invasive parasites, and discusses what often remains unknown even from well-documented systems. Aquatic crustaceans are hosts to many parasites and are often invasive. Published studies show that crustacean invasion can have highly contrasting effects on parasite dynamics, even when invasive host and parasite species are phylogenetically close to their native counterparts. These effects seem to be dependent on multiple factors such as host suitability, parasite life-cycle or host-specific resistance to parasitic manipulation. Furthermore, introduced hosts can have drastically contrasting effects on parasite standing crop and transmission, two parameters that should be independently assessed before drawing any conclusion on the potential effects of novel hosts on parasites and the key processes influencing disease dynamics following biological invasions. I conclude by calling for greater recognition of biological invasions' effects on parasite dynamics, more parasite-focused studies and suggest some potential ways to assess these effects.
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24
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25
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Galipaud M, Bollache L, Lagrue C. Variations in infection levels and parasite-induced mortality among sympatric cryptic lineages of native amphipods and a congeneric invasive species: Are native hosts always losing? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2017; 6:439-447. [PMID: 30951566 PMCID: PMC5715213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Shared parasites can strongly influence the outcome of competition between congeneric, sympatric hosts, and thus host population dynamics. Parasite-mediated competition is commonly hypothesized as an important factor in biological invasion success; invasive species often experience lower infection levels and/or parasite-induced mortality than native congeneric hosts. However, variation in infection levels among sympatric hosts can be due to contrasting abilities to avoid infection or different parasite-induced mortality rates following infection. Low parasite infection levels in a specific host can be due to either factor but have drastically different implications in interaction outcomes between sympatric hosts. We assessed acanthocephalan infection levels (prevalence and abundance) among cryptic molecular taxonomic units (MOTU) of the native G. pulex/G. fossarum species complex from multiple populations where they occur in sympatry. We concomitantly estimated the same parameters in the invasive Gammarus roeseli commonly found in sympatry with G. pulex/G. fossarum MOTUs. We then tested for potential differences in parasite-induced mortality among these alternative hosts. As expected, the invasive G. roeseli showed relatively low infection level and was not subject to parasite-induced mortality. We also found that both acanthocephalan infection levels and parasite-induced mortality varied greatly among cryptic MOTUs of the native amphipods. Contrary to expectations, some native MOTUs displayed levels of resistance to their local parasites similar to those observed in the invasive G. roeseli. Overall, cryptic diversity in native amphipods coupled with high levels of variability in infection levels and parasite-induced mortality documented here may strongly influence inter-MOTU interactions and native population dynamics as well as invasion success and population dynamics of the congeneric invasive G. roeseli. Parasite-mediated competition is an important factor in interspecific interactions. Acanthocephalan infection levels in native and invasive amphipods were assessed. Native amphipods also comprised sympatric, cryptic lineages. Infection levels and host mortality varied greatly among native cryptic host lineages. Some native amphipod lineages were also as resistant to parasites as invasive hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Galipaud
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Bielefeld University, Konsequenz 45, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Loïc Bollache
- UMR 6249 Chrono-environment, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Clément Lagrue
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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26
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Solarz W, Najberek K. Alien Parasites May Survive Even if Their Original Hosts Do Not. ECOHEALTH 2017; 14:3-4. [PMID: 27198231 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-016-1128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Solarz
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Kamil Najberek
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
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27
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Burgess TI, Crous CJ, Slippers B, Hantula J, Wingfield MJ. Tree invasions and biosecurity: eco-evolutionary dynamics of hitchhiking fungi. AOB PLANTS 2017; 8:plw076. [PMID: 27821517 PMCID: PMC5206332 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plw076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
When non-native plants reach novel environments, they typically arrive with hidden microbiomes. In general, most of these hitchhikers remain on their co-evolved hosts, some contribute to the invasiveness of their hosts, and a small number can undergo host shifts and move onto native hosts. Invasion success can vary depending upon the different categories of fungal associates. When an invader tree relies on a fungal mutualism to survive in the new environment, there is a fundamentally lower likelihood of either the tree, or the fungus, establishing novel associations. In contrast, parasitic hitchhikers could merely use their host plants to move through the landscape and to become established on new hosts (host shifts). Evidence suggests the frequency of these host shifts is low and depends upon the fungal functional group. However, epidemics caused by invasive pathogens in native ecosystems have occurred globally. Thus, elucidating the potential for hidden non-native fungi to form novel host associations in a new environment is important for biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Treena I Burgess
- Centre of Phytophthora Science and Management, School of Veterinary and Life Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Casparus J Crous
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
- Present address: Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Lisbon 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Bernard Slippers
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Jarkko Hantula
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Natural Resources and Bioproduction Unit, Vantaa 01300, Finland
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Centre of Phytophthora Science and Management, School of Veterinary and Life Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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28
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Zenni RD, Dickie IA, Wingfield MJ, Hirsch H, Crous CJ, Meyerson LA, Burgess TI, Zimmermann TG, Klock MM, Siemann E, Erfmeier A, Aragon R, Montti L, Le Roux JJ. Evolutionary dynamics of tree invasions: complementing the unified framework for biological invasions. AOB PLANTS 2016; 9:plw085. [PMID: 28039118 PMCID: PMC5391705 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plw085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary processes greatly impact the outcomes of biological invasions. An extensive body of research suggests that invasive populations often undergo phenotypic and ecological divergence from their native sources. Evolution also operates at different and distinct stages during the invasion process. Thus, it is important to incorporate evolutionary change into frameworks of biological invasions because it allows us to conceptualize how these processes may facilitate or hinder invasion success. Here, we review such processes, with an emphasis on tree invasions, and place them in the context of the unified framework for biological invasions. The processes and mechanisms described are pre-introduction evolutionary history, sampling effect, founder effect, genotype-by-environment interactions, admixture, hybridization, polyploidization, rapid evolution, epigenetics, and second-genomes. For the last, we propose that co-evolved symbionts, both beneficial and harmful, which are closely physiologically associated with invasive species, contain critical genetic traits that affect the evolutionary dynamics of biological invasions. By understanding the mechanisms underlying invasion success, researchers will be better equipped to predict, understand, and manage biological invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Dudeque Zenni
- Setor de Ecologia, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Caixa Postal 3037, CEP 37200-000 - Lavras-MG - Brazil
| | - Ian A Dickie
- Bio-protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Forestry & Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Heidi Hirsch
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Casparus J Crous
- Forestry & Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Laura A Meyerson
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Treena I Burgess
- Forestry & Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150 Australia
| | - Thalita G Zimmermann
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Metha M Klock
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Evan Siemann
- Biosciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Roxana Aragon
- Instituto de Ecologia Regional, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, CONICET. Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Lia Montti
- Instituto de Ecologia Regional, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, CONICET. Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Johannes J Le Roux
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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29
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Crous CJ, Burgess TI, Le Roux JJ, Richardson DM, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ. Ecological disequilibrium drives insect pest and pathogen accumulation in non-native trees. AOB PLANTS 2016; 9:plw081. [PMID: 28013250 PMCID: PMC5499825 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plw081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Non-native trees have become dominant components of many landscapes, including urban ecosystems, commercial forestry plantations, fruit orchards, and as invasives in natural ecosystems. Often, these trees have been separated from their natural enemies (i.e. insects and pathogens) leading to ecological disequilibrium, that is, the immediate breakdown of historically co-evolved interactions once introduced into novel environments. Long-established, non-native tree plantations provide useful experiments to explore the dimensions of such ecological disequilibria. We quantify the status quo of non-native insect pests and pathogens catching up with their tree hosts (planted Acacia, Eucalyptus and Pinus species) in South Africa, and examine which native South African enemy species utilise these trees as hosts. Interestingly, pines, with no confamilial relatives in South Africa and the longest residence time (almost two centuries), have acquired only one highly polyphagous native pathogen. This is in contrast to acacias and eucalypts, both with many native and confamilial relatives in South Africa that have acquired more native pathogens. These patterns support the known role of phylogenetic relatedness of non-native and native floras in influencing the likelihood of pathogen shifts between them. This relationship, however, does not seem to hold for native insects. Native insects appear far more likely to expand their feeding habits onto non-native tree hosts than are native pathogens, although they are generally less damaging. The ecological disequilibrium conditions of non-native trees are deeply rooted in the eco-evolutionary experience of the host plant, co-evolved natural enemies, and native organisms from the introduced range. We should expect considerable spatial and temporal variation in ecological disequilibrium conditions among non-native taxa, which can be significantly influenced by biosecurity and management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casparus J Crous
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
- Present address: Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Treena I Burgess
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
- Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Johannes J Le Roux
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - David M Richardson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Bernard Slippers
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
- Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
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Abstract
We assessed the prevalence of alien species as a driver of recent extinctions in five major taxa (plants, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals), using data from the IUCN Red List. Our results show that alien species are the second most common threat associated with species that have gone completely extinct from these taxa since AD 1500. Aliens are the most common threat associated with extinctions in three of the five taxa analysed, and for vertebrate extinctions overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Bellard
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Darwin Building, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Phillip Cassey
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Tim M Blackburn
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Darwin Building, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Evans T, Kumschick S, Blackburn TM. Application of the Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) to a global assessment of alien bird impacts. DIVERS DISTRIB 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Evans
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research; Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Sabrina Kumschick
- Department of Botany and Zoology; Centre for Invasion Biology; Stellenbosch University; Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 South Africa
- Invasive Species Programme; South African National Biodiversity Institute; Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens; Claremont 7735 South Africa
| | - Tim M. Blackburn
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research; Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
- Institute of Zoology; ZSL; Regent’s Park; London NW1 4RY UK
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