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Mahen MSK, Chowdhury MSR, Hossain H, Hossain MM, Islam MR, Rahman MM. Investigating the infection dynamics and molecular detection of Cryptosporidium in Buffaloes in Sylhet, Bangladesh. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2024; 52:101043. [PMID: 38880574 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis, a zoonotic infection impacting both livestock and humans, is inadequately understood in terms of its prevalence and transmission dynamics involving buffaloes in Bangladesh. This research, conducted in the Sylhet division, aimed to explore the prevalence and potential risk factors influencing Cryptosporidium spp. in the faecal samples of 392 buffaloes. Detection of the parasite utilized modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining, with molecular identification achieved through nested PCR (nPCR). The comprehensive analysis revealed 9.18% (36/392) prevalence at the individual animal level and 40.48% (17/42) at the herd level. Age-based analysis revealed fluctuating infection rates of Cryptosporidium spp. in buffaloes across distinct age brackets, with rates of 22.61% in those aged 0-6 months, 5.00% in those aged 6-12 months, and 1.03% in those aged 12-18 months. Diarrheic buffaloes showed a significantly (p < 0.001) higher infection rate (26.67%; 28/105) compared to non-diarrheic buffaloes (2.79%; 8/287). In risk factor analysis, binary logistic regression revealed that buffaloes aged 0-6 months were experiencing a likelihood that is 14.84 times higher to be affected by Cryptosporidium in contrast to their older counterparts (OR = 14.85; p = 0.02). Additionally, diarrhoeic buffaloes were found to be more susceptible to Cryptosporidium compared to healthy buffaloes (OR = 17.50; p < 0.001). A higher stocking density was associated with an increased likelihood of infection in buffaloes (OR = 11.20; p = 0.01). The results of this study emphasize the necessity for targeted interventions, considering factors like diarrheic condition and stocking density, to effectively manage and control cryptosporidiosis in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sayed Kyser Mahen
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahidur Rahman Chowdhury
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh.
| | - Hemayet Hossain
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Mukter Hossain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Mahfujur Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh.
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Dittoe DK, Anderson RC, Krueger NA, Harvey RB, Poole TL, Crippen TL, Callaway TR, Ricke SC. Campylobacter jejuni Response When Inoculated in Bovine In Vitro Fecal Microbial Consortia Incubations in the Presence of Metabolic Inhibitors. Pathogens 2023; 12:1391. [PMID: 38133276 PMCID: PMC10747647 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with the foodborne pathogen Campylobacter is the leading bacterial cause of human foodborne illness in the United States. The objectives of this experiment were to test the hypothesis that mixed microbial populations from the bovine rumen may be better at excluding Campylobacter than populations from freshly voided feces and to explore potential reasons as to why the rumen may be a less favorable environment for Campylobacter than feces. In an initial experiment, C. jejuni cultures inoculated without or with freshly collected bovine rumen fluid, bovine feces or their combination were cultured micro-aerobically for 48 h. Results revealed that C. jejuni grew at similar growth rates during the first 6 h of incubation regardless of whether inoculated with the rumen or fecal contents, with rates ranging from 0.178 to 0.222 h-1. However, C. jejuni counts (log10 colony-forming units/mL) at the end of the 48 h incubation were lowest in cultures inoculated with rumen fluid (5.73 log10 CFUs/mL), intermediate in cultures inoculated with feces or both feces and rumen fluid (7.16 and 6.36 log10 CFUs/mL) and highest in pure culture controls that had not been inoculated with the rumen or fecal contents (8.32 log10 CFUs/mL). In follow-up experiments intended to examine the potential effects of hydrogen and hydrogen-consuming methanogens on C. jejuni, freshly collected bovine feces, suspended in anaerobic buffer, were incubated anaerobically under either a 100% carbon dioxide or 50:50 carbon dioxide/hydrogen gas mix. While C. jejuni viability decreased <1 log10 CFUs/mL during incubation of the fecal suspensions, this did not differ whether under low or high hydrogen accumulations or whether the suspensions were treated without or with the mechanistically distinct methanogen inhibitors, 5 mM nitrate, 0.05 mM 2-bromosulfonate or 0.001 mM monensin. These results suggest that little if any competition between C. jejuni and hydrogen-consuming methanogens exists in the bovine intestine based on fecal incubations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana K. Dittoe
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA;
| | - Robin C. Anderson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (R.C.A.); (R.B.H.); (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.)
| | | | - Roger B. Harvey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (R.C.A.); (R.B.H.); (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.)
| | - Toni L. Poole
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (R.C.A.); (R.B.H.); (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.)
| | - Tawni L. Crippen
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (R.C.A.); (R.B.H.); (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.)
| | - Todd R. Callaway
- Ruminant Nutrition, Ruminant Microbiology, and Preharvest Food Safety, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Wang B, Xu J, Wang Y, Stirling E, Zhao K, Lu C, Tan X, Kong D, Yan Q, He Z, Ruan Y, Ma B. Tackling Soil ARG-Carrying Pathogens with Global-Scale Metagenomics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301980. [PMID: 37424042 PMCID: PMC10502870 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic overuse and the subsequent environmental contamination of residual antibiotics poses a public health crisis via an acceleration in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) through horizontal gene transfer. Although the occurrence, distribution, and driving factors of ARGs in soils have been widely investigated, little is known about the antibiotic resistance of soilborne pathogens at a global scale. To explore this gap, contigs from 1643 globally sourced metagnomes are assembled, yielding 407 ARG-carrying pathogens (APs) with at least one ARG; APs are detected in 1443 samples (sample detection rate of 87.8%). The richness of APs is greater in agricultural soils (with a median of 20) than in non-agricultural ecosystems. Agricultural soils possess a high prevalence of clinical APs affiliated with Escherichia, Enterobacter, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus. The APs detected in agricultural soils tend to coexist with multidrug resistance genes and bacA. A global map of soil AP richness is generated, where anthropogenic and climatic factors explained AP hot spots in East Asia, South Asia, and the eastern United States. The results herein advance this understanding of the global distribution of soil APs and determine regions prioritized to control soilborne APs worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhao Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and EnvironmentInstitute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental ScienceCollege of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and EnvironmentInstitute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental ScienceCollege of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Yiling Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and EnvironmentInstitute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental ScienceCollege of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Erinne Stirling
- Agriculture and FoodCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganizationAdelaide5064Australia
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaide5005Australia
| | - Kankan Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and EnvironmentInstitute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental ScienceCollege of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Caiyu Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and EnvironmentInstitute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental ScienceCollege of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Xiangfeng Tan
- Institute of Digital AgricultureZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021P. R. China
- Xianghu LaboratoryHangzhouZhejiang311200P. R. China
| | - Dedong Kong
- Institute of Digital AgricultureZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021P. R. China
- Xianghu LaboratoryHangzhouZhejiang311200P. R. China
| | - Qingyun Yan
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)Zhuhai519080P. R. China
| | - Zhili He
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)Zhuhai519080P. R. China
| | - Yunjie Ruan
- Institute of Agricultural Bio‐Environmental EngineeringCollege of Bio‐SystemsEngineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
- The Rural Development AcademyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Bin Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and EnvironmentInstitute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental ScienceCollege of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
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