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Naganuma H, Ishida H, Uno A, Nagai H, Kuroda H, Ogawa M. Diagnostic problems in two-dimensional shear wave elastography of the liver. World J Radiol 2020; 12:76-86. [PMID: 32549956 PMCID: PMC7288776 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v12.i5.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) is used in the clinical setting for observation of the liver. Unfortunately, a wide spectrum of artifactual images are frequently encountered in 2D-SWE, the precise mechanisms of which remain incompletely understood. This review was designed to present many of the artifactual images seen in 2D-SWE of the liver and to analyze them by computer simulation models that support clinical observations. Our computer simulations yielded the following suggestions: (1) When performing 2D-SWE in patients with chronic hepatic disease, especially liver cirrhosis, it is recommended to measure shear wave values through the least irregular hepatic surface; (2) The most useful 2D-SWE in patients with focal lesion will detect lesions that are poorly visible on B-mode ultrasound and will differentiate true tumors from pseudo-tumors (e.g., irregular fatty change); and (3) Measurement of shear wave values in the area posterior to a focal lesion must be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Naganuma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokote Municipal Hospital, Yokote 0138602, Akita, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ishida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita Red Cross Hospital, Kamikitatesaruta 0101495, Akita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Uno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oomori Municipal Hospital, Yokote 0130525, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagai
- New Generation Imaging Laboratory, Tokyo 1680065, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Kuroda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 0200023, Iwate, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nihon University Hospital, Chiyoda 1018309, Tokyo, Japan
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Naganuma H, Ishida H, Nagai H, Ogawa M, Ohyama Y. Range-ambiguity artifact in abdominal ultrasound. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2019; 46:317-324. [PMID: 30888535 DOI: 10.1007/s10396-019-00938-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Range-ambiguity artifacts (RAAs) are an erroneous mapping of returning echoes into a composite picture. The purpose of this review was to illustrate the mechanism of RAAs and to present the diagnostic problems caused by RAAs. RAA features differ slightly from organ to organ. At the level of the urinary bladder, RAAs take the form of a cloud-like, ill-demarcated, immobile, echogenic area, and the depth of the echogenic area differs depending on the pulse repetition frequency (PRF). This form is referred to as "static RAA" in this review. There are two key ultrasound characteristics of RAAs at the level of the liver: (a) the depth of RAAs change according to the PRF, and (b) RAAs move in accordance with the cardiac cycle. This form is referred to as "mobile RAA" in this review. At the level of the gallbladder, RAAs take the form of fine echogenic lines in the gallbladder. This phenomenon is actually a combination of two phenomena: a ring-down artifact and RAA. This form is referred to as "complex RAA (searchlight phenomenon)" in this review. The easiest way to reduce RAAs is to change the image depth. Sufficient knowledge of RAAs can prevent misdiagnosis of erroneously displayed returning echoes as real pathologic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Naganuma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokote Municipal Hospital, 5-31 Negishi-cho, Yokote, Akita, 013-8602, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Ishida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita Red Cross Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Ohyama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Akita Kousei Medical Hospital, Akita, Japan
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Oglat AA, Matjafri MZ, Suardi N, Oqlat MA, Abdelrahman MA, Oqlat AA, Farhat OF, Alkhateb BN, Abdalrheem R, Ahmad MS, Abujazar MYM. Chemical Items Used for Preparing Tissue-Mimicking Material of Wall-Less Flow Phantom for Doppler Ultrasound Imaging. J Med Ultrasound 2018; 26:123-127. [PMID: 30283197 PMCID: PMC6159330 DOI: 10.4103/jmu.jmu_13_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The wall-less flow phantoms with recognized acoustic features (attenuation and speed of sound), interior properties, and dimensions of tissue were prepared, calibrated, and characterized of Doppler ultrasound scanning demands tissue-mimicking materials (TMMs). TMM phantoms are commercially available and ready-made for medical ultrasound applications. Furthermore, the commercial TMM phantoms are proper for ultrasound purpose or estimation of diagnostic imaging techniques according to the chemical materials used for its preparation. However, preparing a desirable TMM for wall-less flow phantom using a specific chemical material according to the specific applications is required for different flow. In this review, TMM and wall-less flow phantoms prepared using different chemical materials and methods were described. The chemical materials used in Doppler ultrasound TMM and wall-less flow phantoms fabricated over the previous decades were of high interest in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar A. Oglat
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Science, School of Physics, Univirsti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - M. Z. Matjafri
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Science, School of Physics, Univirsti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nursakinah Suardi
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Science, School of Physics, Univirsti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad A. Oqlat
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Ahmad A. Oqlat
- Department of Emergency, Faculty of Medicine, JUST, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar F. Farhat
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Science, School of Physics, Univirsti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Raed Abdalrheem
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Science, School of Physics, Univirsti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Muntaser S. Ahmad
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Science, School of Physics, Univirsti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Y. M. Abujazar
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Science, School of Physics, Univirsti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Oglat AA, Matjafri MZ, Suardi N, Abdelrahman MA, Oqlat MA, Oqlat AA. A New Scatter Particle and Mixture Fluid for Preparing Blood Mimicking Fluid for Wall-Less Flow Phantom. J Med Ultrasound 2018; 26:134-142. [PMID: 30283199 PMCID: PMC6159322 DOI: 10.4103/jmu.jmu_7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the blood flow and detection of the issues related to it by medical ultrasound, it is extremely important to have suitable blood mimicking fluid (BMF) to be used in vitro and to have a movable or portable Doppler flow phantom to use it as a standardizing tool. As known, the main drawbacks of the currently commercial BMF used in the research studies are high in cost and the long time needed for preparation, which is at least 5-7 h. Moreover, there are only two common scatter particles using in BMF as suspension materials such as nylon (Orgasol) and polystyrene. Thus, we need to prepare BMF with both a new mixture fluid and new scatter particle to be as a reflecting factor of ultrasonic waves, for evaluating the speed of sound of the blood flow in the same method like in the research study of ultrasound with relatively low-cost and less consuming time of preparation. However, both the acoustical and physical features of the Doppler flow phantom components (BMF and tissue mimicking material) must correspond the features of the human tissues to make the examination significance. In addition, the BMF must also represent the hemodynamic features of real human blood. METHODS In this experiment, a new adequate ternary mixture liquid for preparation of BMF applied and suspended with a new scatter particle material, this scatter particle material called poly (4-methylstyrene), it used to be adequate with the mixture density and for saving neutrally buoyant. This BMF was prepared for use in the test objects or Doppler flow phantom. The poly (4-methylstyrene) particles were applied for suspension in a mixture liquid or fluid based on three items, which were distilled water, propylene glycol (PG), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) (200 Mw). The diameter of poly (4-methylstyrene) particles is 3-8 μm, which determined by specific sieve in a unit of μm, and the density is 1.040 g/ml. RESULTS Speed of sound, viscosity, density, Backscatter power and attenuation features of mixture fluid or liquid which used for preparing a BMF were measured, discussed, and agreed with draft International Electrotechnical Commission values. CONCLUSIONS There are three various types of ternary items of mixture fluid (water, PG, and PEG [200 Mw]), and a new type of scatter particle material poly (4-methylstyrene) was utilized for preparing the BMF. The scatter particles and mixture fluid prepared and measured at a temperature that simulates the body temperature 37°C. Moreover, one of the advantages of this new blood that is being cheaper than the commercially available BMF products because the PG and the polyethylene glycol (200 Mw) are much cheaper and more available than glycerol and the Dextran that used usually. In addition, new BMF needs less time for preparation compared to the commercial one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar A Oglat
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Science, School of Physics, Univirsti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - M Z Matjafri
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Science, School of Physics, Univirsti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nursakinah Suardi
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Science, School of Physics, Univirsti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohammad A Oqlat
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmad A Oqlat
- Department of Emergency, Faculty of Medicine, JUST, Irbid, Jordan
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Oglat AA, Suardi N, Matjafri MZ, Oqlat MA, Abdelrahman MA, Oqlat AA. A Review of Suspension-Scattered Particles Used in Blood-Mimicking Fluid for Doppler Ultrasound Imaging. J Med Ultrasound 2018; 26:68-76. [PMID: 30065522 PMCID: PMC6029209 DOI: 10.4103/jmu.jmu_1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Doppler ultrasound imaging system description and calibration need blood-mimicking fluids (BMFs) for the test target of medical ultrasound diagnostic tools, with known interior features and acoustic and physical properties of this fluid (BMF). Physical and acoustical properties determined in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard are specified as constant values, the materials used in the BMF preparation should have values similar to the IEC standard values. However, BMF is ready-made commercially from a field of medical usage, which may not be appropriate in the layout of ultrasound system or for an estimate of novel imaging mechanism. It is often eligible to have the capability to make sound properties and mimic blood arrangement for specific applications. In this review, sufficient BMF materials, liquids, and measures are described which have been generated by utilizing diverse operation mechanism and materials that have sculptured a range of biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar A. Oglat
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Science, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nursakinah Suardi
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Science, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - M. Z. Matjafri
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Science, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad A. Oqlat
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Ahmad A. Oqlat
- Department of Emergency, Faculty of Medicine, JUST, Irbid, Jordan
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Ohno H, Ishida H, Komatsuda T, Matsuda A, Watanabe T. Asymptomatic emphysematous cholecystitis. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2009; 36:153-6. [PMID: 27277229 DOI: 10.1007/s10396-009-0223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Emphysematous cholecystitis (EC) is a life-threatening complication of acute cholecystitis. Its clinical manifestations are usually vague, but asymptomatic cases are very rare. We present such a case with an emphasis on sonographic (US) findings. In this case, detection of gas echoes in the gallbladder wall and the surrounding hepatic tissue led us to an appropriate treatment. US is now the technique of first choice for diagnosing gallbladder diseases, and knowledge of US findings encountered in this case can help prevent a hazardous delay in emergent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Ohno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Red Cross Hospital, 222-1 Naeshirozawa, Saruta, Kamikitate, Akita, 010-1495, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Ishida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Red Cross Hospital, 222-1 Naeshirozawa, Saruta, Kamikitate, Akita, 010-1495, Japan
| | - Tomoya Komatsuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Red Cross Hospital, 222-1 Naeshirozawa, Saruta, Kamikitate, Akita, 010-1495, Japan
| | - Akina Matsuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Red Cross Hospital, 222-1 Naeshirozawa, Saruta, Kamikitate, Akita, 010-1495, Japan
| | - Takako Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Red Cross Hospital, 222-1 Naeshirozawa, Saruta, Kamikitate, Akita, 010-1495, Japan
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