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Gomes PDC, Hin-Chu M, Rickard JJS, Goldberg Oppenheimer P. Advanced Tuneable Micronanoplatforms for Sensitive and Selective Multiplexed Spectroscopic Sensing via Electro-Hydrodynamic Surface Molecular Lithography. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306068. [PMID: 38225756 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Micro- and nanopatterning of materials, one of the cornerstones of emerging technologies, has transformed research capabilities in lab-on-a-chip diagnostics. Herein, a micro- and nanolithographic method is developed, enabling structuring materials at the submicron scale, which can, in turn, accelerate the development of miniaturized platform technologies and biomedical sensors. Underpinning it is the advanced electro-hydrodynamic surface molecular lithography, via inducing interfacial instabilities produces micro- and nanostructured substrates, uniquely integrated with synthetic surface recognition. This approach enables the manufacture of design patterns with tuneable feature sizes, which are functionalized via synthetic nanochemistry for highly sensitive, selective, rapid molecular sensing. The development of a high-precision piezoelectric lithographic rig enables reproducible substrate fabrication with optimum signal enhancement optimized for functionalization with capture molecules on each micro- and nanostructured array. This facilitates spatial separation, which during the spectroscopic sensing, enables multiplexed measurement of target molecules, establishing the detection at minute concentrations. Subsequently, this nano-plasmonic lab-on-a-chip combined with the unconventional computational classification algorithm and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, aimed to address the challenges associated with timely point-of-care detection of disease-indicative biomarkers, is utilized in validation assay for multiplex detection of traumatic brain injury indicative glycan biomarkers, demonstrating straightforward and cost-effective micro- and nanoplatforms for accurate detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo De Carvalho Gomes
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Nanomaterials Structures and Applications Laboratories, College of Engineering and, Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Martin Hin-Chu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Nanomaterials Structures and Applications Laboratories, College of Engineering and, Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Nanomaterials Structures and Applications Laboratories, College of Engineering and, Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, Institute of Translational Medicine, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK
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Katiyar D, Manish. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors Targeting Stress Markers. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:1877-1886. [PMID: 38279751 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073278547231210170007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION When the body experiences a change in its internal environment due to factors such as mood (euphoria, stress) and illness, it releases biomarkers in large quantities. These biomarkers are used for detecting a disease at its early stages. This involves the detection of insufficient quantities of biocomponents, which can be done by using nanomaterials, conventional materials, and biotechnology; thus, scientists can increase the sensitivity of electrochemical sensors. According to studies conducted in this area, electrochemical sensors have shown promise as a diagnostic tool due to their ability to identify and pinpoint illness biomarkers. The present review article was compiled to gather the latest information on electrochemical biosensors targeting stress markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors searched scholarly databases like ScienceDirect, Pubmed, Medline, and Scopus for information on electrochemical biosensors targeting stress markers. RESULTS In this article, we looked at the recent developments in electrochemical sensors for stress monitoring. Because of advances in nanomaterial and biomolecule processes, electrochemical biosensors have been developed with the sensitivity to detect several biomarkers in real-time in therapeutically relevant materials. CONCLUSION This biomarker sensor strategy can analyze various biofluids (sweat, plasma, urine, and saliva).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Katiyar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, 201206, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, ABES Engineering College, 19th KM Stone, NH-09 Ghaziabad, 201009, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Tokihiro JC, Tu WC, Berthier J, Lee JJ, Dostie AM, Khor JW, Eakman M, Theberge AB, Berthier E. Enhanced capillary pumping using open-channel capillary trees with integrated paper pads. PHYSICS OF FLUIDS (WOODBURY, N.Y. : 1994) 2023; 35:082120. [PMID: 37675268 PMCID: PMC10479884 DOI: 10.1063/5.0157801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The search for efficient capillary pumping has led to two main directions for investigation: first, assembly of capillary channels to provide high capillary pressures, and second, imbibition in absorbing fibers or paper pads. In the case of open microfluidics (i.e., channels where the top boundary of the fluid is in contact with air instead of a solid wall), the coupling between capillary channels and paper pads unites the two approaches and provides enhanced capillary pumping. In this work, we investigate the coupling of capillary trees-networks of channels mimicking the branches of a tree-with paper pads placed at the extremities of the channels, mimicking the small capillary networks of leaves. It is shown that high velocities and flow rates (7 mm/s or 13.1 μl/s) for more than 30 s using 50% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol, which has a 3-fold increase in viscosity in comparison to water; 6.5 mm/s or 12.1 μl/s for more than 55 s with pentanol, which has a 3.75-fold increase in viscosity in comparison to water; and >3.5 mm/s or 6.5 μl/s for more than 150 s with nonanol, which has a 11-fold increase in viscosity in comparison to water, can be reached in the root channel, enabling higher sustained flow rates than that of capillary trees alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie C. Tokihiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Wan-chen Tu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Jean Berthier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Jing J. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Ashley M. Dostie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Jian Wei Khor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Madeleine Eakman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | | | - Erwin Berthier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Aghajanloo B, Ejeian F, Frascella F, Marasso SL, Cocuzza M, Tehrani AF, Nasr Esfahani MH, Inglis DW. Pumpless deterministic lateral displacement separation using a paper capillary wick. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2106-2112. [PMID: 36943724 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00039g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) is a passive separation method that separates particles by hydrodynamic size. This label-free method is a promising technique for cell separation because of its high size resolution and insensitivity to flow rate. Development of capillary-driven microfluidic technologies allows microfluidic devices to be operated without any external power for fluid pumping, lowering their total cost and complexity. Herein, we develop and test a DLD-based particle and cell sorting method that is driven entirely by capillary pressure. We show microchip self-filling, flow focusing, flow stability, and capture of separated particles. We achieve separation efficiency of 92% for particle-particle separation and more than 99% efficiency for cell-particle separation. The high performance of driven flow and separation along with simplicity of the operation and setup make it a valuable candidate for point-of-care devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Aghajanloo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
- DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Fatemeh Ejeian
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Simone L Marasso
- DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
- CNR-IMEM, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Cocuzza
- DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
- CNR-IMEM, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - David W Inglis
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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Papamatthaiou S, Moschou D. Innovative Quantification of Critical Quality Attributes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1420:97-115. [PMID: 37258786 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30040-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Potency testing is an important part of the evaluation of cellular therapy products. In vitro quantification of identified quality-related biomarkers is a technique often used at the laboratory. Nonetheless, the limited stability of most cellular therapy products, the lot variability and the limited time within which to perform testing are currently hindering their widespread use. Fortunately, within the last two decades, the evolution of material technology and miniaturisation processes has enabled the research community to shift the spotlight of attention towards the Lab-on-Chip concept for diagnostic applications. Such devices enable portable, rapid, sensitive, automated and affordable biochemical analyses aiming to advance the healthcare services across a broad application spectrum. However, it could be argued that the aspirations on their affordability are far from being exceeded, mainly due to the lack of a practical manufacturing technology. The Lab-on-Printed Circuit Board (Lab-on-PCB) approach has demonstrated enormous potential for developing economical diagnostic platforms leveraging the advantage provided by economy of scale manufacturing of the long-standing PCB industry. The integration capabilities that the PCB platform introduces to the Lab-on-Chip concept concerning the electronics and microfluidics seem to be unique. In this chapter, we will be reviewing the progress of Lab-on-PCB prototypes quantifying within miniaturised microchips a range of critical quality attributes with potential in potency testing. We will focus on their technology and applications whilst addressing the potential of this approach in practical use and commercialisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Papamatthaiou
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (ToC3Bio) and Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Despina Moschou
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (ToC3Bio) and Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Luan X, Li X, Jiang J, Fan Y, Li M, Huang C, Zhang L, Zhao Y. A 3D Capillary-Driven Multi-Micropore Membrane-Based Trigger Valve for Multi-Step Biochemical Reaction. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:26. [PMID: 36671861 PMCID: PMC9855807 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) techniques based on microfluidic devices enabled rapid and accurate tests on-site, playing an increasingly important role in public health. As the critical component of capillary-driven microfluidic devices for POCT use, the capillary microfluidic valve could schedule multi-step biochemical operations, potentially being used for broader complex POCT tasks. However, owing to the reciprocal relationship between the capillary force and aperture in single-pore microchannels, it was challenging to achieve a high gating threshold and high operable liquid volume simultaneously with existing 2D capillary trigger valves. This paper proposed a 3D capillary-driven multi-microporous membrane-based trigger valve to address the issue. Taking advantage of the high gating threshold determined by micropores and the self-driven capillary channel, a 3D trigger valve composed of a microporous membrane for valving and a wedge-shaped capillary channel for flow pumping was implemented. Utilizing the capillary pinning effect of the multi-micropore membrane, the liquid above the membrane could be triggered by putting the drainage agent into the wedge-shaped capillary channel to wet the underside of the membrane, and it could also be cut off by taking away the agent. After theoretical analysis and performance characterizations, the 3D trigger valve performed a high gating threshold (above 1000 Pa) and high trigger efficiency with an operable liquid volume above 150 μL and a trigger-to-drain time below 6 s. Furthermore, the retention and trigger states of the valve could be switched for repeatable triggering for three cycles within 5 min. Finally, the microbead-based immunoreaction and live cell staining applications verified the valve's ability to perform multi-step operations. The above results showed that the proposed 3D trigger valve could be expected to play a part in wide-ranging POCT application scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Zhang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuang Li
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luan
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiahong Jiang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fan
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingxiao Li
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chengjun Huang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingqian Zhang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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Experiment—Simulation Comparison in Liquid Filling Process Driven by Capillarity. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13071098. [PMID: 35888915 PMCID: PMC9317646 DOI: 10.3390/mi13071098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This paper studies modifications made to the Bosanquet equation in order to fit the experimental observations of the liquid filling process in circular tubes that occurs by capillary force. It is reported that there is a significant difference between experimental observations and the results predicted by the Bosanquet equation; hence, it is reasonable to investigate these differences intensively. Here, we modified the Bosanquet equation such that it could consider more factors that contribute to the filling process. First, we introduced the air flowing out of the tube as the liquid inflow. Next, we considered the increase in hydraulic resistance due to the surface roughness of the inner tube. Finally, we further considered the advancing contact angle, which varies during the filling process. When these three factors were included, the modified Bosanquet equation was well correlated with the experimental results, and the R square—which indicates the fitting quality between the simulation and the experiment—significantly increased to above 0.99.
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Varady MJ, Mantooth BA. Unsaturated hemiwicking dynamics on surfaces with irregular roughness. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 604:104-112. [PMID: 34271485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.06.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Spreading of wetting liquids on rough surfaces can occur in a regime termed hemiwicking in which liquid advances ahead of the bulk liquid droplet front under the influence of capillary forces induced by the surface topography. When the surface topography is periodic as in the case for micropillar arrays, the wetting front is sharp and models describing the wetting dynamics can be derived directly from the periodic geometry. For materials with a highly irregular surface topography, the wetting front is diffuse and deriving analytical spreading model parameters directly from the surface topography is not generally possible. EXPERIMENTS In this work, a previously published model for liquid spreading on thin porous materials is modified to incorporate unsaturated spreading ahead of the bulk liquid droplet using Richards equation. The permeability, K, and capillary pressure, pc, of the liquid in the surface roughness are the primary model parameters describing the spreading dynamics in Richards equation. These are determined by fitting to one-dimensional spreading experiments of silicone oil on a polyurethane-based paint coating with roughness on the scale of microns. FINDINGS The resulting predictions of spreading dynamics for droplets with different initial sizes is good. It is also shown that reasonable model parameters can also be determined from the irregular surface topography by spatial filtering over 10 µm wavelength increments covering the range 10-500 µm. Approximate periodic micropillar arrays are defined from the filtered topography for each wavelength increment, enabling analytical estimates of the permeability and capillary pressure. Although using only the surface topography results in somewhat less accurate predictions, the savings in experimental and computational effort make it an attractive method for determining spreading model parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Varady
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, 8198 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5424, United States.
| | - Brent A Mantooth
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, 8198 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5424, United States
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Abstract
AbstractThis paper studies the efficiency of capillary pump analytically in circular, square and rectangular channels with results verified by experiment. The effect of liquid momentum is analyzed with respect to channel size and equations are developed to enable most efficient fluid pumping. It is found that the momentum term is negligible at channel cross-cut area < 0.1 mm2 while it has a significant contribution at > 0.3 mm2 region. The optimized equations show that the most efficient pumping and thereby the quickest liquid filling is accomplished in square shaped channel when compared with rectangular and circular channels. Generally, the longer the filling distance, or the longer the filling time, the larger the channel size is required after optimization, and vice versa. For the rectangular channel with channel height fixed, the channel width requirement to maximize the ability of capillary pump is obtained and discussed. Experimental verifications are conducted based on the measurement of filling distance versus time, and the simulation results are well correlated with the testing results. The equations developed in the paper provide a reference for the microfluidic channel design, such that the channel filling speed can be maximized.
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Perdigones F. Lab-on-PCB and Flow Driving: A Critical Review. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:175. [PMID: 33578984 PMCID: PMC7916810 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lab-on-PCB devices have been developed for many biomedical and biochemical applications. However, much work has to be done towards commercial applications. Even so, the research on devices of this kind is rapidly increasing. The reason for this lies in the great potential of lab-on-PCB devices to provide marketable devices. This review describes the active flow driving methods for lab-on-PCB devices, while commenting on their main characteristics. Among others, the methods described are the typical external impulsion devices, that is, syringe or peristaltic pumps; pressurized microchambers for precise displacement of liquid samples; electrowetting on dielectrics; and electroosmotic and phase-change-based flow driving, to name a few. In general, there is not a perfect method because all of them have drawbacks. The main problems with regard to marketable devices are the complex fabrication processes, the integration of many materials, the sealing process, and the use of many facilities for the PCB-chips. The larger the numbers of integrated sensors and actuators in the PCB-chip, the more complex the fabrication. In addition, the flow driving-integrated devices increase that difficulty. Moreover, the biological applications are demanding. They require transparency, biocompatibility, and specific ambient conditions. All the problems have to be solved when trying to reach repetitiveness and reliability, for both the fabrication process and the working of the lab-on-PCB, including the flow driving system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Perdigones
- Electronic Engineering Department, Higher Technical School of Engineering, University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain
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Kassanos P, Seichepine F, Kassanos I, Yang GZ. Development and Characterization of a PCB-Based Microfluidic YChannel . ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:5037-5040. [PMID: 33019118 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since the introduction of microfluidics in the 1990s, the community has investigated numerous methods for their fabrication. However, there is interest for their inexpensive rapid prototyping. PCB technology as a low-cost, massfabrication approach for the realization of sensors has attracted attention, while its use for microfluidics is also gaining ground. In this paper the development and characterization of a microfluidic Y-channel is presented. The proposed design and assembly process for realizing the device is described in detail and the flow rate and mixing within the microchannel are characterized, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed novel technology for lab-on-PCB devices.
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Narayanamurthy V, Jeroish ZE, Bhuvaneshwari KS, Bayat P, Premkumar R, Samsuri F, Yusoff MM. Advances in passively driven microfluidics and lab-on-chip devices: a comprehensive literature review and patent analysis. RSC Adv 2020; 10:11652-11680. [PMID: 35496619 PMCID: PMC9050787 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00263a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of passively driven microfluidic labs on chips has been increasing over the years. In the passive approach, the microfluids are usually driven and operated without any external actuators, fields, or power sources. Passive microfluidic techniques adopt osmosis, capillary action, surface tension, pressure, gravity-driven flow, hydrostatic flow, and vacuums to achieve fluid flow. There is a great need to explore labs on chips that are rapid, compact, portable, and easy to use. The evolution of these techniques is essential to meet current needs. Researchers have highlighted the vast potential in the field that needs to be explored to develop rapid passive labs on chips to suit market/researcher demands. A comprehensive review, along with patent analysis, is presented here, listing the latest advances in passive microfluidic techniques, along with the related mechanisms and applications. Different approaches employed in the passively driven microfluidics and LOC devices.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigneswaran Narayanamurthy
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering Technology
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology
- Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
- 76100 Durian Tunggal
- Malaysia
| | - Z. E. Jeroish
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Rajalakshmi Engineering College
- Chennai 602105
- India
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
| | - K. S. Bhuvaneshwari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Rajalakshmi Engineering College
- Chennai 602105
- India
- Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering
| | - Pouriya Bayat
- Department of Bioengineering
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada H3A 0E9
| | - R. Premkumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Rajalakshmi Engineering College
- Chennai 602105
- India
| | - Fahmi Samsuri
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
- University Malaysia Pahang
- Pekan 26600
- Malaysia
| | - Mashitah M. Yusoff
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology
- University Malaysia Pahang
- Kuantan 26300
- Malaysia
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Evans D, Papadimitriou KI, Vasilakis N, Pantelidis P, Kelleher P, Morgan H, Prodromakis T. A Novel Microfluidic Point-of-Care Biosensor System on Printed Circuit Board for Cytokine Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E4011. [PMID: 30453609 PMCID: PMC6264023 DOI: 10.3390/s18114011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Point of Care (PoC) diagnostics have been the subject of considerable research over the last few decades driven by the pressure to detect diseases quickly and effectively and reduce healthcare costs. Herein, we demonstrate a novel, fully integrated, microfluidic amperometric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) prototype using a commercial interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) as a model antibody binding system. Microfluidic assay chemistry was engineered to take place on Au-plated electrodes within an assay cell on a printed circuit board (PCB)-based biosensor system. The assay cell is linked to an electrochemical reporter cell comprising microfluidic architecture, Au working and counter electrodes and a Ag/AgCl reference electrode, all manufactured exclusively via standard commercial PCB fabrication processes. Assay chemistry has been optimised for microfluidic diffusion kinetics to function under continual flow. We characterised the electrode integrity of the developed platforms with reference to biological sampling and buffer composition and subsequently we demonstrated concentration-dependent measurements of H₂O₂ depletion as resolved by existing FDA-validated ELISA kits. Finally, we validated the assay technology in both buffer and serum and demonstrate limits of detection comparable to high-end commercial systems with the addition of full microfluidic assay architecture capable of returning diagnostic analyses in approximately eight minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Evans
- Nanoelectronics & Nanotechnology Research Group, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Konstantinos I Papadimitriou
- Nanoelectronics & Nanotechnology Research Group, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Nikolaos Vasilakis
- Nanoelectronics & Nanotechnology Research Group, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Panagiotis Pantelidis
- Centre for Immunology and Vaccinology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW10 9NH, UK.
- Infection and Immunity, North West London Pathology, Imperial College NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London W6 8RF, UK.
| | - Peter Kelleher
- Centre for Immunology and Vaccinology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW10 9NH, UK.
- Infection and Immunity, North West London Pathology, Imperial College NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London W6 8RF, UK.
| | - Hywel Morgan
- Nanoelectronics & Nanotechnology Research Group, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Themistoklis Prodromakis
- Zepler Institute for Photonics and Nanoelectronics, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Gong Y, Fan N, Yang X, Peng B, Jiang H. New advances in microfluidic flow cytometry. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:1212-1229. [PMID: 30242856 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, researchers are paying the increasing attention to the development of portable microfluidic diagnostic devices including microfluidic flow cytometry for the point-of-care testing. Microfluidic flow cytometry, where microfluidics and flow cytometry work together to realize novel functionalities on the microchip, provides a powerful tool for measuring the multiple characteristics of biological samples. The development of a portable, low-cost, and compact flow cytometer can benefit the health care in underserved areas such as Africa or Asia. In this article, we review recent advancements of microfluidics including sample pumping, focusing and sorting, novel detection approaches, and data analysis in the field of flow cytometry. The challenge of microfluidic flow cytometry is also examined briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Gong
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Na Fan
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xu Yang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Bei Peng
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Hai Jiang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
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