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Hu Z, Wei Q, Zhang H, Tang W, Kou Y, Sun Y, Dai Z, Zheng X. Advances in FePt-involved nano-system design and application for bioeffect and biosafety. J Mater Chem B 2021; 10:339-357. [PMID: 34951441 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02221k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development and wide application of nanomaterial-involved theranostic agents have drawn surging attention for improving the living standard of humankind and healthcare conditions. In this review, recent developments in the design, synthesis, biocompatibility evaluation and potential nanomedicine applications of FePt-involved nano-systems are summarized, especially for cancer theranostic and biological molecule detection. The in vivo multi-model imaging capability is discussed in detail, including magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. Furthermore, we highlight the significant achievements of various FePt-involved nanotherapeutics for cancer treatment, such as drug delivery, chemodynamic therapy, photodynamic therapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. In addition, a series of FePt-involved nanocomposites are also applied for biological molecule detection, such as H2O2, glucose and naked-eye detection of cancer cells. Ultimately, we also summarize the challenges and prospects of FePt-involved nano-systems in nanocatalytic medicine. This review is expected to give a general pattern for the development of FePt-involved nano-systems in the field of nanocatalytic medicine and analytical determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunfu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, Linyi University, Linyi, China. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P. R. China
| | - Qiulian Wei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, Linyi University, Linyi, China. .,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, Linyi University, Linyi, China.
| | - Weina Tang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, Linyi University, Linyi, China.
| | - Yunkai Kou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, Linyi University, Linyi, China.
| | - Yunqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, Linyi University, Linyi, China.
| | - Zhichao Dai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, Linyi University, Linyi, China.
| | - Xiuwen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, Linyi University, Linyi, China.
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2
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Liu Y, Wu PC, Guo S, Chou PT, Deng C, Chou SW, Yuan Z, Liu TM. Low-toxicity FePt nanoparticles for the targeted and enhanced diagnosis of breast tumors using few centimeters deep whole-body photoacoustic imaging. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2020; 19:100179. [PMID: 32322488 PMCID: PMC7168769 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2020.100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A considerable amount of early breast tumors grown at a depth over 2 cm in breast tissues. With high near-infrared absorption of iron-platinum (FePt) nanoparticles, we achieved few centimeters deep photoacoustic (PA) imaging for the diagnosis of breast tumors. The imaging depth can extend over 5 cm in chicken breast tissues at the low laser energy density of 20 mJ/cm2 (≤ ANSI safety limit). After anti-VEGFR conjugation and the tail-vein injection, we validated their targeting on tumor sites by the confocal microscopy and PA imaging. Using a home-made whole-body in vivo PA imaging, we found that the nanoparticles were rapidly cleared away from the site of the tumor and majorly metabolized through the liver. These results validated the clinical potential of the FePt nanoparticles in the low-toxicity PA theragnosis of early breast cancer and showed the capacity of our whole-body PA imaging technique on monitoring the dynamic biodistribution of nanoparticles in the living body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Liu
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Pei-Chun Wu
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chuxia Deng
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Shang-Wei Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Corresponding author at: Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Tzu-Ming Liu
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Corresponding authors.
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3
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Roberts PR, Jani AB, Packianathan S, Albert A, Bhandari R, Vijayakumar S. Upcoming imaging concepts and their impact on treatment planning and treatment response in radiation oncology. Radiat Oncol 2018; 13:146. [PMID: 30103786 PMCID: PMC6088418 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-018-1091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For 2018, the American Cancer Society estimated that there would be approximately 1.7 million new diagnoses of cancer and about 609,640 cancer-related deaths in the United States. By 2030 these numbers are anticipated to exceed a staggering 21 million annual diagnoses and 13 million cancer-related deaths. The three primary therapeutic modalities for cancer treatments are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Individually or in combination, these treatment modalities have provided and continue to provide curative and palliative care to the myriad victims of cancer. Today, CT-based treatment planning is the primary means through which conventional photon radiation therapy is planned. Although CT remains the primary treatment planning modality, the field of radiation oncology is moving beyond the sole use of CT scans to define treatment targets and organs at risk. Complementary tissue scans, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron electron emission (PET) scans, have all improved a physician’s ability to more specifically identify target tissues, and in some cases, international guidelines have even been issued. Moreover, efforts to combine PET and MR to define solid tumors for radiotherapy planning and treatment evaluation are also gaining traction. Keeping these advances in mind, we present brief overviews of other up-and-coming key imaging concepts that appear promising for initial treatment target definition or treatment response from radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Russell Roberts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 350 Woodrow Wilson Drive Suite 1600, Jackson, MS, 39213, USA
| | - Ashesh B Jani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Satyaseelan Packianathan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 350 Woodrow Wilson Drive Suite 1600, Jackson, MS, 39213, USA
| | - Ashley Albert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 350 Woodrow Wilson Drive Suite 1600, Jackson, MS, 39213, USA
| | - Rahul Bhandari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 350 Woodrow Wilson Drive Suite 1600, Jackson, MS, 39213, USA
| | - Srinivasan Vijayakumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 350 Woodrow Wilson Drive Suite 1600, Jackson, MS, 39213, USA.
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Ehlerding EB, Grodzinski P, Cai W, Liu CH. Big Potential from Small Agents: Nanoparticles for Imaging-Based Companion Diagnostics. ACS NANO 2018; 12:2106-2121. [PMID: 29462554 PMCID: PMC5878691 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b07252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The importance of medical imaging in the diagnosis and monitoring of cancer cannot be overstated. As personalized cancer treatments are gaining popularity, a need for more advanced imaging techniques has grown significantly. Nanoparticles are uniquely suited to fill this void, not only as imaging contrast agents but also as companion diagnostics. This review provides an overview of many ways nanoparticle imaging agents have contributed to cancer imaging, both preclinically and in the clinic, as well as charting future directions in companion diagnostics. We conclude that, while nanoparticle-based imaging agents are not without considerable scientific and developmental challenges, they enable enhanced imaging in nearly every modality, hold potential as in vivo companion diagnostics, and offer precise cancer treatment and maximize intervention efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B. Ehlerding
- Office of Cancer Nanotechnology Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Piotr Grodzinski
- Office of Cancer Nanotechnology Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Christina H. Liu
- Office of Cancer Nanotechnology Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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Abstract
Molecular imaging allows for the visualization of changes at the cellular level in diseases such as cancer. A successful molecular imaging agent must rely on disease-selective targets and ligands that specifically interact with those targets. Unfortunately, the translation of novel target-specific ligands into the clinic has been frustratingly slow with limitations including the complex design and screening approaches for ligand identification, as well as their subsequent optimization into useful imaging agents. This review focuses on combinatorial library approaches towards addressing these two challenges, with particular focus on phage display and one-bead one-compound (OBOC) libraries. Both of these peptide-based techniques have proven successful in identifying new ligands for cancer-specific targets and some of the success stories will be highlighted. New developments in screening methodology and sequencing technology have pushed the bounds of phage display and OBOC even further, allowing for even faster and more robust discovery of novel ligands. The combination of multiple high-throughput technologies will not only allow for more accurate identification, but also faster affinity maturation, while overall streamlining the process of translating novel ligands into clinical imaging agents.
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Liu R, Li X, Xiao W, Lam KS. Tumor-targeting peptides from combinatorial libraries. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 110-111:13-37. [PMID: 27210583 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major and leading causes of death worldwide. Two of the greatest challenges in fighting cancer are early detection and effective treatments with no or minimum side effects. Widespread use of targeted therapies and molecular imaging in clinics requires high affinity, tumor-specific agents as effective targeting vehicles to deliver therapeutics and imaging probes to the primary or metastatic tumor sites. Combinatorial libraries such as phage-display and one-bead one-compound (OBOC) peptide libraries are powerful approaches in discovering tumor-targeting peptides. This review gives an overview of different combinatorial library technologies that have been used for the discovery of tumor-targeting peptides. Examples of tumor-targeting peptides identified from each combinatorial library method will be discussed. Published tumor-targeting peptide ligands and their applications will also be summarized by the combinatorial library methods and their corresponding binding receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Xiaocen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Wenwu Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Kit S Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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7
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Jalili NA, Muscarello M, Gaharwar AK. Nanoengineered thermoresponsive magnetic hydrogels for biomedical applications. Bioeng Transl Med 2016; 1:297-305. [PMID: 29313018 PMCID: PMC5689536 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
“Smart” hydrogels are part of an emerging class of biomaterials that respond to multiple external stimuli. A range of thermoresponsive magnetic hydrogels is currently being developed for on‐demand delivery of biomolecules for a range of biomedical applications, including therapeutic drug delivery, bioimaging, and regenerative engineering. In this review article, we explore different types of magnetic nanoparticles and thermoresponsive polymers used to fabricate these smart nanoengineered hydrogels. We highlight some of the emerging applications of these stimuli‐responsive hydrogels for biomedical applications. Finally, we capture the growing trend of these smart nanoengineered hydrogels and will identify promising new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima A Jalili
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77843
| | - Madyson Muscarello
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77843
| | - Akhilesh K Gaharwar
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77843.,Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77843.,Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77843
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8
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Chetty IJ, Martel MK, Jaffray DA, Benedict SH, Hahn SM, Berbeco R, Deye J, Jeraj R, Kavanagh B, Krishnan S, Lee N, Low DA, Mankoff D, Marks LB, Ollendorf D, Paganetti H, Ross B, Siochi RAC, Timmerman RD, Wong JW. Technology for Innovation in Radiation Oncology. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 93:485-92. [PMID: 26460989 PMCID: PMC4610140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is an effective, personalized cancer treatment that has benefited from technological advances associated with the growing ability to identify and target tumors with accuracy and precision. Given that these advances have played a central role in the success of radiation therapy as a major component of comprehensive cancer care, the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO), the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM), and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) sponsored a workshop entitled "Technology for Innovation in Radiation Oncology," which took place at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland, on June 13 and 14, 2013. The purpose of this workshop was to discuss emerging technology for the field and to recognize areas for greater research investment. Expert clinicians and scientists discussed innovative technology in radiation oncology, in particular as to how these technologies are being developed and translated to clinical practice in the face of current and future challenges and opportunities. Technologies encompassed topics in functional imaging, treatment devices, nanotechnology, and information technology. The technical, quality, and safety performance of these technologies were also considered. A major theme of the workshop was the growing importance of innovation in the domain of process automation and oncology informatics. The technologically advanced nature of radiation therapy treatments predisposes radiation oncology research teams to take on informatics research initiatives. In addition, the discussion on technology development was balanced with a parallel conversation regarding the need for evidence of efficacy and effectiveness. The linkage between the need for evidence and the efforts in informatics research was clearly identified as synergistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrin J Chetty
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Mary K Martel
- Department of Radiation Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - David A Jaffray
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Medical Biophysics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Stanley H Benedict
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California - Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Stephen M Hahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ross Berbeco
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James Deye
- Radiation Research Programs, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert Jeraj
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Brian Kavanagh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nancy Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Daniel A Low
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - David Mankoff
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lawrence B Marks
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Daniel Ollendorf
- Institute for Clinical and Economic Review, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Harald Paganetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Proton Therapy Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian Ross
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Robert D Timmerman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas
| | - John W Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Abstract
Nanotechnology, the manipulation of matter on atomic and molecular scales, is a relatively new branch of science. It has already made a significant impact on clinical medicine, especially in oncology. Nanomaterial has several characteristics that are ideal for oncology applications, including preferential accumulation in tumors, low distribution in normal tissues, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and clearance, that differ from those of small molecules. Because these properties are also well suited for applications in radiation oncology, nanomaterials have been used in many different areas of radiation oncology for imaging and treatment planning, as well as for radiosensitization to improve the therapeutic ratio. In this article, we review the unique properties of nanomaterials that are favorable for oncology applications and examine the various applications of nanotechnology in radiation oncology. We also discuss the future directions of nanotechnology within the context of radiation oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Z Wang
- All authors: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Joel E Tepper
- All authors: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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10
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Taylor RM, Monson TC, Gullapalli RR. Influence of carbon chain length on the synthesis and yield of fatty amine-coated iron-platinum nanoparticles. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:306. [PMID: 25006334 PMCID: PMC4078006 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Iron oxide nanoparticles are among the most widely used and characterized magnetic nanoparticles. However, metal alloys such as superparamagnetic iron-platinum particles (SIPPs), which have better magnetic properties, are receiving increased attention. Scalable techniques to routinely synthesize SIPPs in bulk need further study. Here, we focus on the role played by the fatty amine ligand in the formation of the bimetallic FePt nanocrystal. More specifically, we compare the effect of varying lengths of fatty amine ligands on the shape, structure, uniformity, composition, and magnetic properties of the SIPPs. We synthesized SIPPs by employing a 'green' thermal decomposition reaction using fatty amine ligands containing 12 to 18 carbons in length. Greater fatty amine chain length increased the polydispersity, particle concentration, iron concentration, and the stability of the SIPPs. Additionally, longer reflux times increased the diameter of the particles, but decreased the iron concentration, suggesting that shorter reaction times are preferable. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the SIPPs indicates that the ligands are successfully bound to the FePt cores through the amine group. Superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry measurements suggest that all of the SIPPs were superparamagnetic at room temperature and that SIPPs synthesized using tetradecylamine had the highest saturation magnetization. Our findings indicate that the octadecylamine ligand, which is currently used for the routine synthesis of SIPPs, may not be optimal. Overall, we found that using tetradecylamine and a 30-min reflux reaction resulted in optimal particles with the highest degree of monodispersity, iron content, stability, and saturation magnetization. PACS 81.07.-b; 75.75.Fk; 61.46.Df.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Taylor
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Room 308, MSC06-4840, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Todd C Monson
- Nanoscale Sciences Department, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, MS-1415, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA
| | - Rama R Gullapalli
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Room 308, MSC06-4840, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Room 333A, MSC08-4640, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Powell Gray
- Department of Internal Medicine and The Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-8807, United States
| | - Kathlynn C. Brown
- Department of Internal Medicine and The Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-8807, United States
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12
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Barreteau C, Spanjaard D. Magnetic and electronic properties of bulk and clusters of FePt L1(0). JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:406004. [PMID: 22987868 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/40/406004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An efficient tight-binding model including magnetism and spin-orbit interactions is extended to metallic alloys. The tight-binding parameters are determined from a fit to bulk ab initio calculations of each metal and rules are given to obtain the heteroatomic parameters. The spin and orbital magnetic moments as well as the magneto-crystalline anisotropy are derived. We apply this method to bulk FePt L1(0) and the results are compared with success to ab initio results where available. Finally this model is applied to a set of FePt L1(0) clusters and physical trends are derived.
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13
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Corso CD, Ali AN, Diaz R. Radiation-induced tumor neoantigens: imaging and therapeutic implications. Am J Cancer Res 2011; 1:390-412. [PMID: 21969260 PMCID: PMC3180059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure of tumor cells to ionizing radiation (IR) is widely known to induce a number of cellular changes. One way that IR can affect tumor cells is through the development of neoantigens which are new molecules that tumor cells express at the cell membrane following some insult or change to the cell. There have been numerous reports in the literature of changes in both tumor and tumor vasculature cell surface molecule expression following treatment with IR. The usefulness of neoantigens for imaging and therapeutic applications lies in the fact that they are differentially expressed on the surface of irradiated tumor cells to a greater extent than on normal tissues. This differential expression provides a mechanism by which tumor cells can be "marked" by radiation for further targeting. Drug delivery vehicles or imaging agents conjugated to ligands that recognize and interact with the neoantigens can help to improve tumor-specific targeting and reduce systemic toxicity with cancer drugs. This article provides a review of the molecules that have been reported to be expressed on the surface of tumor cells in response to IR either in vivo or in vitro. Additionally, we provide a discussion of some of the methods used in the identification of these antigens and applications for their use in drug delivery and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Corso
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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