1
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Pu C, Biyuan, Xu K, Zhao Y. Glycosylation and its research progress in endometrial cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1865-1880. [PMID: 35752750 PMCID: PMC9418304 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02858-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common tumors in the female reproductive system, which seriously threatens women's health, particularly in developed countries. 13% of the patients with EC have a poor prognosis due to recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, identifying good predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets is critical to enable the early detection of metastasis and improve the prognosis. For decades, extensive studies had focused on glycans and glycoproteins in the progression of cancer. The types of glycans that are covalently attached to the polypeptide backbone, usually via nitrogen or oxygen linkages, are known as N‑glycans or O‑glycans, respectively. The degree of protein glycosylation and the aberrant changes in the carbohydrate structures have been implicated in the extent of tumorigenesis and reported to play a critical role in regulating tumor invasion, metabolism, and immunity. This review summarizes the essential biological role of glycosylation in EC, with a focus on the recent advances in glycomics and glycosylation markers, highlighting their implications in the diagnosis and treatment of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congli Pu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Biyuan
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yingchao Zhao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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2
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Xu J, Ma M, Mukerabigwi JF, Luo S, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Ning L. The effect of spacers in dual drug-polymer conjugates toward combination therapeutic efficacy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22116. [PMID: 34764340 PMCID: PMC8586145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01550-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a great effort has been made to perfect the therapeutic effect of solid tumor, from single-agent therapy to combined therapy and many other polymer-drug conjugations with dual or more anticancer agents due to their promising synergistic effect and higher drug level accumulation towards tumor tissues. Different polymer-drug spacers present diverse therapeutic efficacy, therefore, finding an appropriate spacer is desirable. In this study, dual drugs that are doxorubicin (DOX) and mitomycin C (MMC) were conjugated onto a polymer carrier (xyloglucan) via various peptide or amide bonds, and a series of polymers drug conjugates were synthesized with different spacers and their effect on tumor treatment efficacy was studied both in vitro and in vivo. The result shows that the synergistic effect is better when using different linker to conjugate different drugs rather than using the same spacer to conjugate different drugs on the carrier. Particularly, the finding of this works suggested that, using peptide bond for MMC and amide bond for DOX to conjugate dual drugs onto single XG carrier could improve therapeutic effect and synergy effect. Therefore, in polymer-pharmaceutical formulations, the use of different spacers to optimize the design of existing drugs to enhance therapeutic effects is a promising strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xu
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengdi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Jean Felix Mukerabigwi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, P.O Box: 3900, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Shiying Luo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuannian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lifeng Ning
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Recent Advances and Challenges in Controlling the Spatiotemporal Release of Combinatorial Anticancer Drugs from Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121156. [PMID: 33261219 PMCID: PMC7759840 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome cancer, various chemotherapeutic studies are in progress; among these, studies on nano-formulated combinatorial drugs (NFCDs) are being actively pursued. NFCDs function via a fusion technology that includes a drug delivery system using nanoparticles as a carrier and a combinatorial drug therapy using two or more drugs. It not only includes the advantages of these two technologies, such as ensuring stability of drugs, selectively transporting drugs to cancer cells, and synergistic effects of two or more drugs, but also has the additional benefit of enabling the spatiotemporal and controlled release of drugs. This spatial and temporal drug release from NFCDs depends on the application of nanotechnology and the composition of the combination drug. In this review, recent advances and challenges in the control of spatiotemporal drug release from NFCDs are provided. To this end, the types of combinatorial drug release for various NFCDs are classified in terms of time and space, and the detailed programming techniques used for this are described. In addition, the advantages of the time and space differences in drug release in terms of anticancer efficacy are introduced in depth.
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4
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Xu Y, Jin X, Zhang J, Wang K, Jin X, Xu D, Tian X, Liu L. Antitumor Activity of a Novel Double-Targeted System for Folate Receptor-Mediated Delivery of Mitomycin C. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:26864-26870. [PMID: 33111012 PMCID: PMC7581226 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we designed, formulated, and investigated the potential antitumor activity of a folate receptor (FR)-mediated double-targeted drug delivery system. The system comprised of the FR ligand folic acid (FA), glycine-phenylalanine-leucine-glycine (Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly, GFLG), which can be specifically cleaved by cathepsin B, and the anticancer drug mitomycin C (MMC). The antitumor effect of FA-GFLG-MMC was compared to that of MMC. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay revealed that FA-GFLG-MMC has a significantly higher inhibitory effect on HeLa, SiHa, and PC9 cells (high FR expression) than that on 16HBE and A549 cells (low FR expression). Furthermore, FA-GFLG-MMC inhibited cancer cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Free MMC was toxic to both cancer and normal cells. Apoptosis of the HeLa, SiHa, and PC9 cells was higher than that of the A549 cells; however, the apoptotic effect on 16HBE cells was minimal. Proapoptotic protein bcl-2-associated X-protein (BAX) and antiapoptotic protein BCL-2 play critical roles in cellular defense and apoptotic signal transduction. BAX/BCL-2 ratio is used to determine the intensity of an apoptotic signal and assess whether a cell will survive or undergo apoptosis. BAX and BCL-2 expression in cells treated with 5 μM FA-GFLG-MMC was studied by Western blotting. FA-GFLG-MMC increased the BAX/BCL-2 ratio in HeLa, SiHa, and PC9 cells. The results show that FA-GFLG-MMC can effectively inhibit tumor cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis. Therefore, the system developed can enhance the delivery of anticancer drugs to cancer cells and thereby reduce their toxic effects on normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Center
of Morphological Experiment, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Xiangmei Jin
- Department
of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Center
of Morphological Experiment, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jin
- Department
of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Dongyuan Xu
- Center
of Morphological Experiment, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Xizhe Tian
- Department
of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department
of Pathology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji 133000, Jilin, China
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5
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Wang C, Mukerabigwi JF, Luo S, Zhang Y, Xie X, Xiao W, Huang X, Cao Y. Xyloglucan as a mitomycin C carrier to reverse multidrug resistance. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22633g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still considered as the third highest cause of cancer death in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Jean Felix Mukerabigwi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Shiying Luo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Yuannian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Xuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Wang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Xueying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
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6
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Luo S, Gu Y, Zhang Y, Guo P, Mukerabigwi JF, Liu M, Lei S, Cao Y, He H, Huang X. Precise Ratiometric Control of Dual Drugs through a Single Macromolecule for Combination Therapy. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2318-27. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500867g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Luo
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ying Gu
- Prenatal
Diagnosis Center, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Hospital, Lianyungang, 222002, P. R. China
| | - Yuannian Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Pei Guo
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jean Felix Mukerabigwi
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Shaojun Lei
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yu Cao
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Hongxuan He
- Key
Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of
Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Xueying Huang
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
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7
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Fernandes E, Ferreira JA, Andreia P, Luís L, Barroso S, Sarmento B, Santos LL. New trends in guided nanotherapies for digestive cancers: A systematic review. J Control Release 2015; 209:288-307. [PMID: 25957905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Digestive tract tumors are among the most common and deadliest malignancies worldwide, mainly due to late diagnosis and lack of efficient therapeutics. Current treatments essentially rely on surgery associated with (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy agents. Despite an upfront response, conventional drugs often fail to eliminate highly aggressive clones endowed with chemoresistant properties, which are responsible for tumor recurrence and disease dissemination. Synthetic drugs also present severe adverse systemic effects, hampering the administration of biologically effective dosages. Nanoencapsulation of chemotherapeutic agents within biocompatible polymeric or lipid matrices holds great potential to improve the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of conventional chemotherapy while reducing systemic toxicity. Tagging nanoparticle surfaces with specific ligands for cancer cells, namely monoclonal antibodies or antibody fragments, has provided means to target more aggressive clones, further improving the selectivity and efficacy of nanodelivery vehicles. In fact, over the past twenty years, significant research has translated into a wide array of guided nanoparticles, providing the molecular background for a new generation of intelligent and more effective anti-cancer agents. Attempting to bring awareness among the medical community to emerging targeted nanopharmaceuticals and foster advances in the field, we have conducted a systematic review about this matter. Emphasis was set on ongoing preclinical and clinical trials for liver, colorectal, gastric and pancreatic cancers. To the best of our knowledge this is the first systematic and integrated overview on this field. Using a specific query, 433 abstracts were gathered and narrowed to 47 manuscripts when matched against inclusion/exclusion criteria. All studies showed that active targeting improves the effectiveness of the nanodrugs alone, while lowering its side effects. The main focus has been on hepatocarcinomas, mainly by exploring glycans as homing molecules. Other ligands such as peptides/small proteins and antibodies/antibody fragments, with affinity to either tumor vasculature or tumor cells, have also been widely and successfully applied to guide nanodrugs to gastrointestinal carcinomas. Conversely, few solutions have been presented for pancreatic tumors. To this date only three nanocomplexes have progressed beyond pre-clinical stages: i) PK2, a galactosamine-functionalized polymeric-DOX formulation for hepatocarcinomas; ii) MCC-465, an anti-(myosin heavy chain a) immunoliposome for advanced stage metastatic solid tumors; and iii) MBP-426, a transferrin-liposome-oxaliplatin conjugate, also for advanced stage tumors. Still, none has been approved for clinical use. However, based on the high amount of pre-clinical studies showing enthusiastic results, the number of clinical trials is expected to increase in the near future. A more profound understanding about the molecular nature of chemoresistant clones and cancer stem cell biology will also contribute to boost the field of guided nanopharmacology towards more effective solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Fernandes
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal; I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal and INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Alexandre Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal; Mass Spectrometry Center, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Peixoto Andreia
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lima Luís
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal; Nucleo de Investigação em Farmácia - Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente (CISA), Health School of the Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Barroso
- Serviço de Oncologia, Hospital de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal and INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal; Health School of University of Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
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8
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Mukerabigwi JF, Liu M, Luo S, Lei S, Cao Y, Huang X, He H. Self-organized nanoparticle drug delivery systems from a folate-targeted dextran–doxorubicin conjugate loaded with doxorubicin against multidrug resistance. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10341j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DOX nano-DDSs with the function of both targeting tumors and controlling drug release were prepared which exhibited larger drug releases, higher cytotoxicity against HepG2/DOX cells, improved cellular uptake and decreased side toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuannian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Haili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Jean Felix Mukerabigwi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Shiying Luo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Shaojun Lei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Xueying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Hongxuan He
- National Research Center for Wild Life Born Diseases
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology
- Institute of Zoology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100101
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9
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Livney YD, Assaraf YG. Rationally designed nanovehicles to overcome cancer chemoresistance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1716-30. [PMID: 23954781 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a primary hindrance towards curative cancer chemotherapy. Nanotechnology holds great promise in establishing efficacious and innovative strategies to overcome chemoresistance, and markedly facilitate complementary treatments and cancer diagnostics. Various nanomedical devices are being introduced and evaluated, demonstrating encouraging results. While stealth liposomes serve as a benchmark, astonishing progress is witnessed in polymeric nanovehicles, sometimes combined with low molecular weight surfactants, some of which inhibit drug resistance in addition to solubilizing drugs. Cutting edge multifunctional or quadrugnostic nanoparticles currently developed offer simultaneous targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics and chemosensitizers or drug-resistance gene silencing cargo, along with diagnostic imaging agents, like metallic NPs. Viral and cellular components offer exciting new routes for cancer targeting and treatment. Targeting intracellular compartments is another challenging frontier spawning pioneering approaches and results. To further enhance rational design of nanomedicine for overcoming drug resistance, we review the latest thoughts and accomplishments in recent literature.
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10
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Türkmen D, Bereli N, Çorman ME, Shaikh H, Akgöl S, Denizli A. Molecular imprinted magnetic nanoparticles for controlled delivery of mitomycin C. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 42:316-22. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2013.823094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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11
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Chen D, Guo P, Chen S, Cao Y, Ji W, Lei X, Liu L, Zhao P, Wang R, Qi C, Liu Y, He H. Properties of xyloglucan hydrogel as the biomedical sustained-release carriers. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:955-962. [PMID: 22354327 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4564-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study introduces an easy method of preparing xyloglucan hydrogel from xyloglucan, which is purified from tamarind seed gum. Xyloglucan hydrogel was prepared in 2 wt% solution by treating with β-galactosidase. Physical and chemical properties (molecular mass, size and viscosity) of xyloglucan hydrogel and xyloglucan solution were tested for a comparison. Experiments of drug release in vitro and in vivo were operated to investigate the potentialities of xyloglucan hydrogel as the biomedical sustained-release carriers for drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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12
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A novel LMP1 antibody synergizes with mitomycin C to inhibit nasopharyngeal carcinoma growth in vivo through inducing apoptosis and downregulating vascular endothelial growth factor. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:2208-2218. [PMID: 22408448 PMCID: PMC3292017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13022208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined therapy emerges as an attractive strategy for cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of mitomycin C (MMC) combined with a novel antibody fragment (Fab) targeting latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) xenograft nude mice. The inhibitory rates of MMC (2 mg/kg), Fab (4 mg/kg), MMC (2 mg/kg) + Fab (4 mg/kg), and MMC (1 mg/kg) + Fab (4 mg/kg) were 20.1%, 7.3%, 42.5% and 40.5%, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the apoptotic rate of xenograft tumor cells in the MMC and Fab combination group was 28 ± 4.12%, significantly higher than the MMC (2 mg/kg) group (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemical staining showed that VEGF expression in NPC xenografts was significantly inhibited in the combination group compared to the Fab (4 mg/kg) group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, both MMC and Fab could inhibit NPC xenograft tumor growth in vivo and combination therapy showed apparent synergistic anti-tumor effects, which may be due to the induction of tumor cell apoptosis and the downregulation of VEGF expression. These results suggest that the novel combined therapy utilizing traditional chemotherapeutics and antibody-targeted therapy could be a promising strategy for the treatment of NPC.
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