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Liu T, Xia S. The Proteostasis of Thymic Stromal Cells in Health and Diseases. Protein J 2024; 43:447-463. [PMID: 38622349 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-024-10197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The thymus is the key immune organ for the development of T cells. Different populations of thymic stromal cells interact with T cells, thereby controlling the dynamic development of T cells through their differentiation and function. Proteostasis represents a balance between protein expression, folding, and modification and protein clearance, and its fluctuation usually depends at least partially on related protein regulatory systems for further survival and effects. However, in terms of the substantial requirement for self-antigens and their processing burden, increasing evidence highlights that protein regulation contributes to the physiological effects of thymic stromal cells. Impaired proteostasis may expedite the progression of thymic involution and dysfunction, accompanied by the development of autoimmune diseases or thymoma. Hence, in this review, we summarize the regulation of proteostasis within different types of thymic stromal cells under physiological and pathological conditions to identify potential targets for thymic regeneration and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301, Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Sheng Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301, Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
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Zhan Y, Yang K, Zhao J, Wang K, Li Z, Liu J, Liu H, Liu Y, Li W, Su X. Injectable and In Situ Formed Dual-Network Hydrogel Reinforced by Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles and Loaded with BMP-4 for the Closure and Repair of Skull Defects. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2414-2425. [PMID: 38446137 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Bone defects are a common and challenging orthopedic problem with poor self-healing ability and long treatment cycles. The difficult-to-heal bone defects cause a significant burden of medical expenses on patients. Currently, biomaterials with mechanical stability, long-lasting action, and osteogenic activity are considered as a suitable way to effectively heal bone defects. Here, an injectable double network (DN) hydrogel prepared using physical and chemical cross-linking methods is designed. The first rigid network is constructed using methylpropenylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA), while the addition of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) forms a second flexible network by physical cross-linking. The mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) loaded with bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) were embedded into DN hydrogel, which not only enhanced the mechanical stability of the hydrogel, but also slowly released BMP-4 to achieve long-term skull repair. The designed composite hydrogel showed an excellent compression property and deformation resistance. In vitro studies confirmed that the HAMA/COS/MSN@BMP-4 hydrogel had good biocompatibility and showed great potential in supporting proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mouse embryo osteoblast precursor (MC3T3-E1) cells. Furthermore, in vivo studies confirmed that the DN hydrogel successfully filled and closed irregular skull defect wounds, effectively promoted bone regeneration, and significantly promoted bone repair compared with the control group. In addition, HAMA/COS/MSN@BMP-4 hydrogel precursor solution can quickly form hydrogel in situ at the wound by ultraviolet light, which can be applied to the closure and repair of wounds of different shapes, which provides the new way for the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhan
- Clinical Research Center, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523710, P. R. China
| | - Keqin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guigang City People's Hospital, Guigang, Guangxi 537100, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The 10th Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, P. R. China
| | - Kelie Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Longgang Orthopedics Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, P. R. China
| | - Zhidong Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523109, P. R. China
| | - Jizhen Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523109, P. R. China
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- Guangdong Huayan Biomedical Science and Technology Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511441, P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Guangdong Huayan Biomedical Science and Technology Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511441, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Research Institute of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Su
- Clinical Research Center, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523710, P. R. China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523109, P. R. China
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Huang XY, Zhou XX, Yang H, Xu T, Dao JW, Bian L, Wei DX. Directed osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via sustained release of BMP4 from PBVHx-based nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130649. [PMID: 38453121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP4) is crucial for bone and cartilage tissue regeneration, essential in medical tissue engineering, cosmetology, and aerospace. However, its cost and degradation susceptibility pose significant clinical challenges. To enhance its osteogenic activity while reducing dosage and administration frequency, we developed a novel long-acting BMP4 delivery system using poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PBVHx) nanoparticles with soybean lecithin-modified BMP4 (sBP-NPs). These nanoparticles promote directed osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) through sustained BMP4 release. sBP-NPs exhibited uniform size (100-200 nm) and surface charges, with higher BMP4 entrapment efficiency (82.63 %) compared to controls. After an initial burst release within 24 h, sBP-NPs achieved 80 % cumulative BMP4 release within 20 days, maintaining levels better than control BP-NPs with unmodified BMP4. Co-incubation and nanoparticle uptake experiments confirmed excellent biocompatibility of sBP-NPs, promoting hBMSC differentiation towards osteogenic lineage with increased expression of type I collagen, calcium deposition, and ALP activity (> 20,000 U/g protein) compared to controls. Moreover, hBMSCs treated with sBP-NPs exhibited heightened expression of osteogenic genetic markers, surpassing control groups. Hence, this innovative strategy of sustained BMP4 release from sBP-NPs holds potential to revolutionize bone regeneration in minimally invasive surgery, medical cosmetology or space environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yun Huang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Qujing Medical College, Qujing 655000, China; Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Zhou
- School of Clinical Medicine, Qujing Medical College, Qujing 655000, China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Qujing Medical College, Qujing 655000, China
| | - Tao Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Qujing Medical College, Qujing 655000, China
| | - Jin-Wei Dao
- Zigong Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Zigong Psychiatric Research Center, Zigong Institute of Brain Science, Zigong 643002, China
| | - Li Bian
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Dai-Xu Wei
- School of Clinical Medicine, Qujing Medical College, Qujing 655000, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China; Zigong Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Zigong Psychiatric Research Center, Zigong Institute of Brain Science, Zigong 643002, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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Wang P, Liu B, Song C, Jia J, Wang Y, Pang K, Wang Y, Chen C. Exosome MiR-21-5p Upregulated by HIF-1α Induces Adipose Stem Cell Differentiation to Promote Ectopic Bone Formation. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301972. [PMID: 38342761 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Heterotopic bone occurs after burns, trauma and major orthopedic surgery, which cannot be completely cured by current treatments. The development of new treatments requires more in-depth research into the mechanism of HO. Available evidence suggests that miR-21-5p plays an important role in bone formation. However, its mechanism in traumatic HO is still unclear. First, we identified exosomes extracted from L6 cells using TEM observation of the structure and western blotting detection of the surface marker CD63. Regulation effect of HIF-1α to miR-21-5p was confirmed by q-PCR assay. Then we co-cultured L6 cells with ASCs and performed alizarin red staining and ALP detection. Overexpression of miR-21-5p upregulated BMP4, p-smad1/5/8, OCN and OPN, which suggests the BMP4-smad signaling pathway may be involved in miR-21-5p regulation of osteogenic differentiation of ASCs. Finally in vivo experiments showed that miR-21-5p exosomes promoted ectopic formation in traumatized mice. This study confirms that HIF-1α could modulate miR-21-5p exosomes to promote post-traumatic ectopic bone formation by inducing ASCs cell differentiation. Our study reveals the mechanisms of miR-21-5p in ectopic ossification formation after trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, 264200, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, 264200, China
| | - Chunhao Song
- Department of Medical Imaging, Weihai Wendeng District People Hospital, Weihai, 264200, China
| | - Jun Jia
- Department of Spine Surgery, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, 264200, China
| | - Yuanhao Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, 264200, China
| | - Kai Pang
- Department of Operations Management, Wehai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, 264200, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Department of Laboratory, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, 264200, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, 264200, China
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Li YJ, Guo Q, Ye MS, Cai G, Xiao WF, Deng S, Xiao Y. YBX1 promotes type H vessel-dependent bone formation in an m5C-dependent manner. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e172345. [PMID: 38385749 PMCID: PMC11143935 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) interact with RNA and ubiquitously regulate RNA transcripts during their life cycle, playing a fundamental role in the progression of angiogenesis-related diseases. In the skeletal system, endothelium-dependent angiogenesis is indispensable for bone formation. However, the role of RBPs in endothelium-dependent bone formation is unclear. Here, we show that RBP-Y-box-binding protein 1 (YBX1) was strongly reduced in the bone vasculature of ovariectomy (OVX) mice. Endothelial cell-specific deletion of Ybx1 impaired CD31-high, endomucin-high (CD31hiEMCNhi) endothelium morphology and resulted in low bone mass whereas Ybx1 overexpression promoted angiogenesis-dependent osteogenesis and ameliorated bone loss. Mechanistically, YBX1 deletion disrupted CD31, EMCN, and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) stability in an m5C-dependent manner and blocked endothelium-derived BMP4 release, thereby inhibiting osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stromal cells. Administration of recombinant BMP4 protein restored impaired bone formation in Ybx1 deletion mice. Tail vein injection of CD31-modified polyethylene glycol-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) carrying sciadopitysin, a natural YBX1 agonist, pharmacologically partially reversed CD31hiEMCNhi vessels' decline and improved bone mass in both OVX and aging animals. These findings demonstrated the role of RBP-YBX1 in angiogenesis-dependent bone formation and provided a therapeutic approach for ameliorating osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jue Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center
| | - Ming-Sheng Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center
| | - GuangPing Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center
| | | | - Sheng Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ye Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center
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Du G, Liu M, Qi Y, Lin M, Wu J, Xie W, Ren D, Du S, Jia T, Zhang F, Song W, Liu H. BMP4 up-regulated by 630 nm LED irradiation is associated with the amelioration of rheumatoid arthritis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 250:112828. [PMID: 38101122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is caused by inflammatory response of joints with cartilage and damage of synovium and bone erosion. In our previous studies, it has showed that irradiation of 630 nm LED reduce inflammation of synovial fibroblasts and cartilage and bone destruction in RA. However, the key genes and mechanism in ameliorating RA by irradiation of 630 nm LED remains unknown. In this study, human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) cell line MH7A and primary human RA-FLSs were treated with TNF-α and 630 nm LED irradiation with the different energy density. The mRNA sequencing was performed to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In all datasets, 10 DEGs were identified through screening. The protein interaction network analysis showed that 8 out of the 10 DEGs interacted with each other including IL-6, CXCL2, CXCL3, MAF, PGF, IL-1RL1, RRAD and BMP4. This study focused on BMP4, which is identified as important morphogens in regulating the development and homeostasis. CCK-8 assay results showed that 630 nm LED irradiation did not affect the cell viability. The qPCR and ELISA results showed that TNF-α stimulation inhibited BMP4 mRNA and protein level and irradiation of 630 nm LED increased the BMP4 mRNA and protein level in MH7A cells. In CIA and transgenic hTNF-α mice models, H&E staining showed that irradiation of 630 nm LED decreased the histological scores assessed from inflammation and bone erosion, while BMP4 expression level was up-regulated after 630 nm LED irradiation. Pearson correlation analysis shown that BMP4 protein expression was negatively correlated with the histological score of CIA mice and transgenic hTNF-α mice. These results indicated that BMP4 increased by irradiation of 630 nm LED was associated with the amelioration of RA, which suggested that BMP4 may be a potential targeting gene for photobiomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoming Du
- Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Mengyue Liu
- Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Monan Lin
- Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Wenting Xie
- Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Dandan Ren
- Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Siqi Du
- Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Tong Jia
- Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Fengmin Zhang
- Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Wuqi Song
- Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Hailiang Liu
- Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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