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Yan K, Lu X, Zhang R, Xiong J, Qiao Y, Li X, Yu Z. Molecular Diffusion in Nanoreactors' Pore Channel System: Measurement Techniques, Structural Regulation, and Catalytic Effects. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2304008. [PMID: 37632316 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanoreactors, as a new class of materials with highly enriched and ordered pore channel structures, can achieve special catalytic effects by precisely identifying and controlling the molecular diffusion behavior within the ordered pore channel system. Nanoreactors-driven molecular diffusion within the ordered pore channels can be highly dependent on the local microenvironment in the nanoreactors' pore channel system. Although the diffusion process of molecules within the ordered pore channels of nanoreactors is crucial for the regulation of catalytic behaviors, it has not yet been as clearly elucidated as it deserves to be in this study. In this review, fundamental theory and measurement techniques for molecular diffusion in the pore channel system of nanoreactors are presented, structural regulation strategies of pore channel parameters for controlling molecular diffusion are discussed, and the effects of molecular diffusion in the pore channel system on catalytic reactivity and selectivity are further analyzed. This article attempts to further develop the underlying theory of molecular diffusion within the theoretical framework of nanoreactor-driven catalysis, and the proposed perspectives may contribute to the rational design of advanced catalytic materials and the precise control of complex catalytic kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xuebin Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, P. R. China
| | - Jian Xiong
- School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, P. R. China
| | - Yina Qiao
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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Sharp CH, Bukowski BC, Li H, Johnson EM, Ilic S, Morris AJ, Gersappe D, Snurr RQ, Morris JR. Nanoconfinement and mass transport in metal-organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11530-11558. [PMID: 34661217 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00558h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquity of metal-organic frameworks in recent scientific literature underscores their highly versatile nature. MOFs have been developed for use in a wide array of applications, including: sensors, catalysis, separations, drug delivery, and electrochemical processes. Often overlooked in the discussion of MOF-based materials is the mass transport of guest molecules within the pores and channels. Given the wide distribution of pore sizes, linker functionalization, and crystal sizes, molecular diffusion within MOFs can be highly dependent on the MOF-guest system. In this review, we discuss the major factors that govern the mass transport of molecules through MOFs at both the intracrystalline and intercrystalline scale; provide an overview of the experimental and computational methods used to measure guest diffusivity within MOFs; and highlight the relevance of mass transfer in the applications of MOFs in electrochemical systems, separations, and heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor H Sharp
- National Research Council Associateship Program and Electronic Science and Technology Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Brandon C Bukowski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Eric M Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
| | - Stefan Ilic
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
| | - Amanda J Morris
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
| | - Dilip Gersappe
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Randall Q Snurr
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - John R Morris
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
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Hwang S, Kärger J, Miersemann E. Diffusion and reaction in pore hierarchies by the two-region model. ADSORPTION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-021-00307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe two-region (“Kärger”) model of diffusion in complex pore spaces is exploited for quantitating mass transfer in hierarchically organized nanoporous materials, consisting of a continuous microporous bulk phase permeated by a network of transport pores. With the implications that the diffusivity in the transport pores significantly exceeds the diffusivity in the micropores and that the relative population of the transport pores is far below that of the micropores, overall transport depends on only three independent parameters. Depending on their interrelation, enhancement of the overall mass transfer is found to be ensured by two fundamentally different mechanisms. They are referred to as the limiting cases of fast and slow exchange, with the respective time constants of molecular uptake being controlled by different parameters. Complemented with reaction terms, the two-region model may equally successfully be applied to the quantitation of the combined effect of diffusion and reaction in terms of the effectiveness factor. Generalization of the classical Thiele concept is shown to provide an excellent estimate of the effectiveness factor of a chemical reaction in hierarchically porous materials, solely based on the intrinsic reaction rate and the time constant of molecular uptake relevant to the given conditions.
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Danaci D, Webley PA, Petit C. Guidelines for Techno-Economic Analysis of Adsorption Processes. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2020.602430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Techno-economic analyses (TEAs) of CO2 capture technologies have risen in popularity, due to growing interest in meeting CO2 emissions reduction targets. Adsorption processes are one of the technologies proposed for CO2 capture, and although difficult, standardization of TEAs for adsorption should be attempted. The reason is that TEAs are often referred to as input data to other forms of modeling, to guide policy, and to act as summaries for those unfamiliar with adsorption processes. Herein, we discuss the aspects that should be considered when conducting TEAs for CO2 adsorption processes, and we present the implications of choices made at the TEA stage and offer guidance on best practice. our aim is to make TEAs of adsorption processes widely accessible to the adsorption community, and more generally to communities engaged in the evaluation of CCS technologies.
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